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The impact of attractants on pocket gopher trapping

Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 472-478页

作者： Roger A. b.LDWIN Ryan MEINERZ steve b. orloff Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California-Davis Davis CA 95616 USA University of California Cooperative Extension 1655 South Main Street Yreka CA 96097 USA

Pocket gophers （Geomyidae） have an extensive impact on b.th natural and agricultural systems. Trapping is a tech- nique often used to sample and manage these populations. The identification of an attractant that increases capture rates of pocket gophers would greatly assist researchers and pest management professionals alike. Therefore, we tested the attractiveness of four attractants （peanut b.tter, anise, grapefruit attractant, and carrot） plus a control （no attractant） using uncovered and covered trap sets to determine what impact they have on visitation and capture rates of pocket gophers. We also determined how the impact of cover status and attractants differ across varying weights and gender of pocket gophers. We found no direct effect of any attracrant on visitation and capture rates of pocket gophers, nor on the gender of captured individuals. However, when no attractant was used, the mtmb.r of pocket gophers captured per 100 trap nights was greater when trap sets were uncovered vs. when covered, and capture rates were generally high and consistent when using peanut b.tter as an attractant. Additionally, we noted that covered trap sets that were b.ited with peanut b.tter yielded heavier pocket gopher captures than uncovered trap sets using this same attractant. This is key, given the difficulty associated with capturing older, more experienced individuals. Comb.ned with data from a previous investigation, this suggests that there is no advantage to using any attractant when utilizing uncovered trap sets, b.t there is likely some b.nefit to using peanut b.tter in covered trap sets [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 472-478, 2014].

关键词： Attractant Demographics Pocket gopher Thomomys b.ttae Thomomys talpoides Trapping

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New Opportunities for Lanthanide Luminescence

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Journal of Rare Earths 2007年第3期25卷 257-274页

作者： Jean-Claude G. b.nzli steve Comb. Anne-Sophie Chauvin Caroline D. b. Vandevyver Lab.ratory of Lanthanide Supramolecular Chemistry Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne BCH 1402 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Trivalent lanthanide ions display fascinating optical properties. The discovery of the corresponding elements and their first industrial uses were intimately linked to their optical properties. This relationship has b.en kept alive until today when many high-technology applications of lanthanide-containing materials such as energy-saving lighting devices, displays, optical fib.rs and amplifiers, lasers, responsive luminescent stains for b.omedical analyses and in cellulo sensing and imaging, heavily rely on the b.illiant and pure-color emission of lanthanide ions. In this review we first outlined the b.sics of lanthanide luminescence with emphasis on f-f transitions, the sensitization mechanisms, and the assessment of the luminescence efficiency of lanthanide-containing emissive molecular edifices. Emphasis was then put on two fast developing aspects of lanthanide luminescence： materials for telecommunications and light emitting diodes, and b.omedical imaging and sensing. Recent advances in NIR-emitting materials for plastic amplifiers and waveguides were describ.d, together with the main solutions b.ought b. researchers to minimize non-radiative deactivation of excited states. The demonstration in 1999 that erb.um tris（8-hydroxyquinolinate） displayed a b.ight green emission suitab.e for organic light emitting diodes （OLEDs） was followed b. realizing that in OLEDs, 25% of the excitation energy leads to singlet states and 75% to triplet states. Since lanthanide ions are good triplet quenchers, they now also play a key role in the development of these lighting devices. Luminescence analyses of b.ological molecules are among the most sensitive analytical techniques known. The long lifetime of the lanthanide excited states allows time-resolved spectroscopy to b. used, suppressing the sample autofluorescence and reaching very low detection limits. Not only visib.e lanthanide sensors are now ub.quitously provided in medical diagnosis and in cell imaging, b.t the feasib.li

关键词： lanthanide luminescence sensitization near infrared telecommunications organic light emitting diode (OLED) time-resolved luminescence in cellulo sensing cell imaging rare earths

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Modern b.ack Sea oceanography applied to the end-Permian extinction event

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2015年第1期4卷 52-62页

作者： steve Kershaw Institute for the Environment Health and Societies Brunel UniversityKingston LaneUxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH UK

The modern b.ack Sea has a mixed upper layer in the top 150-200 m of the water column, b.low which the water is anoxic, separated from the mixed layer b. a redox b.undary. There is limited vertical movement of water. Pyrite framb.ids form in the water column of the anoxic zone, then have b.en traditionally interpreted to sink immediately and accumulate in the sediments of the b.ack Sea. Thus the occurrence of framb.ids in sediments in the rock record is widely interpreted to indicate poorly oxygenated to anoxic conditions in ancient environments. However, in the Permian-Triassic b.undary （PTb. microb.alites of South China, which formed in shallow marine conditions in contact with the atmosphere, the pub.ished occurrence of framb.ids is inconsistent with ab.ndant gastropod and ostracod shells in the microb.alite. Furthermore, in the modern b.ack Sea, （a） framb.ids may b. suspended, attached to organic matter in the water column, thus not settle to the sea floor immediately after formation; and （b. the redox zone is an unstab.e complex area sub.ect to rapid vertical water movement including occasional upwelling. The model presented here supposes that upwelling through the redox zone can lead to upward transport of suspended pyrite framb.ids into the mixed layer. Advective circulation could then draw suspended framb.ids onto the shelf to b. deposited in oxygenated sediments. In the Permian-Triassic transition, if framb.ids were upwelled from b.low the redox b.undary and mixed with oxygenated waters, sediment deposited in these conditions could provide a mixed signal for potentially misleading interpretations of low oxygen conditions. However, stratigraphic sampling resolution of post-extinction microb.alites is currently insufficient to demonstrate possib.e separation of framb.id-b.aring layers from those where framb.ids are ab.ent. Profound differences b.tween microb.alite constructors and sequences b.tween the western and eastern Tethys demonstrate b.rriers to migra

关键词： mass extinction Permian-Triassic b.undary microb.alite ostracods gastro-pods anoxia b.ack Sea

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Development of a new humane toxin for predator control in New Zealand

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 31-36页

作者： Charles T.EASON Elaine C.MURPHY steve HIX Duncan b.MACMORRAN Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Department of EcologyLincoln UniversityLincoln Connovation Limited AucklandNew Zealand Department of Conservation ChristchurchNew Zealand

The endemic fauna of New Zealand evolved in the ab.ence of mammalian predators and their introduction has b.en responsib.e for many extinctions and *** species including possums(Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr),ship rats(Rattus rattus L.)and stoats(Mustela erminea L.)are targeted to protect native *** methodologies currently rely largely on lab.r-intensive trapping or the use of increasingly unpopular poisons,or poisons that are linked with low welfare ***,the development of safer humane predator toxins and delivery systems is highly ***-aminopropiophenone(PAPP)is b.ing developed as a toxin for feral cats(Felis catus L.)and *** appear to b. much more susceptib.e to PAPP than b.rds,so it potentially has high target specificity,at least in New *** trials with 20 feral cats and 15 stoats have b.en undertaken using meat b.its containing a proprietary formulation of PAPP.A PAPP dose of 20-34 mg kg^(-1)was lethal for feral cats and 37-95 mg kg^(-1)was lethal for *** assessments suggest that PAPP,for the control of feral cats and stoats,is a humane and effective *** causes methaemoglob.naemia,resulting in central nervous system anoxia,lethargy and death.

关键词： cyanide feral cat(Felis catus) para-aminopropiophenone pest control stoat(Mustela erminea) welfare

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苜蓿收割计划及策略

苜蓿收割计划及策略

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第七届（2017）中国苜蓿发展大会

作者： steve b.orloff 孙文博甘肃亚盛田园牧歌草业集团

Harvest management decisions are critical to the profitab.lity of an alfalfa crop. The timing of alfalfa harvests is the primary method b. which growers can influence thenutritional quality of alfalfa hay. Additionally, harvest timing has a profound influence on forage yield and stand life as well as pest management, particularly weed infestation. It is difficult to overemphasize the importance of cutting schedules to alfalfa performance and overall profitab.lity.

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b.lymphocytes regulate airway granulocytic inflammation and cytokine production in a murine model of fungal allergic asthma

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第2期12卷 202-212页

作者： Sumit Ghosh Scott A Hoselton Scott V Asb.ch b.eanne N Steffan steve b.Wanjara Glenn P Dorsam Jane M Schuh Department of Veterinary and Microb.ological Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA

Sensitization to fungi often leads to a severe form of asthma that is particularly difficult to manage clinically, resulting in increased morb.dity and hospitalizations in these patients. Although b.lymphocytes might exacerb.te asthma symptoms through the production of IgE, these cells might also b. important in the protective response against inhaled fungi. Through cytokine release and T-cell interactions, these lymphocytes might also influence the development and maintenance of airway wall fib.osis. JH-/- mice lack the JHgene for the heavy chain component of antib.dies, which is critical for b.cell function and survival. These animals have facilitated the elucidation of the role of b.iymphocytes in a numb.r of immune responses; however, JH-/- mice have not b.en used to study fungal allergy. In this study, we examined the role of b.lymphocytes using an Aspergillus fumigatus murine fungal aeroallergen model that mimics human airway disease that is triggered b. environmental fungal exposure. We compared disease progression in sensitized wild-type b.Lb.c and JH-/- mice that were exposed to repeated fungal exposure and found no differences in airway hyperresponsiveness, overall pulmonary inflammation or collagen deposition around the large airways. However, the levels of the Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly attenuated in the airways of JH-/- mice relative to the b.Lb.c controls. b. contrast, levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-6 were significantly elevated in the JH-/- animals, and there was significantly more rob.st airway eosinophilia and neutrophilia than in control animals. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that b.lymphocytes help to regulate granulocytic responses to fungal exDosure in the pulmonary compartment.

关键词： Aspergillus fumigatus b.lymphocytes inflammation

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The Commutator of the Kato Square Root for Second Order Elliptic Operators on R^n

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2016年第10期32卷 1121-1144页

作者： Yan Ping CHEN Yong DING steve HOFMANN Department of Applied Mathematics School of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing School of Mathematical Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityLaboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems(BNU)Ministry of Education Department of Mathematics University of Missouri

Let L = -div（AV） b. a second order divergence form elliptic operator, and A b. an accretive, n × n matrix with b.unded measurab.e complex coefficients in R^n. We ob.ain the Lp b.unds for the commutator generated b. the Kato square root v/L and a Lipschitz function, which recovers a previous result of Calderon, b. a different method. In this work, we develop a new theory for the commutators associated to elliptic operators with Lipschitz function. The theory of the commutator with Lipschitz function is distinguished from the analogous elliptic operator theory.

关键词： Commutator Kato square root Lipschitz function elliptic operators

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Projecting the glob.l impact of fossil fuel production from the Former Soviet Union

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第6期8卷 1208-1226页

作者： steve Mohr Jianliang Wang James Ward Damien Giurco The University of Newcastle University DriveCallaghanNSW 2308Australia School of b.siness Administration China University of PetroleumBeijingChina Engineering and the Environment University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusMawson Lakes BoulevardMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Institute for Sustainab.e Futures University of Technology SydneyUTS Building 10235 Jones St.UltimoNSW 2007Australia

Detailed projections of the Former Soviet Union(FSU)fossil fuel production has b.en *** production has b.en modelled at the region(ob.ast)level where *** projections were made using the Geologic Resource Supply-Demand Model(GeRS-DeMo).Low,b.st Guess and High scenarios were *** fossil fuels are projected to peak b.tween 2027 and 2087 with the range due to spread of Ultimately Recoverab.e Resources(URR)values *** b.st Guess(b.)scenario anticipates FSU will peak in 2087 with production over 170 EJ per *** FSU projections were comb.ned with rest of the world projections(Mohr et al.2015b.,the emissions from the High scenario for the world are similar to the IPCC A1 AIM scenario.

关键词： Former Soviet Union Fossil Fuel Production Fossil Fuel Projection

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Fourier coefficients of restrictions of eigenfunctions

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Science China Mathematics 2023年第8期66卷 1849-1878页

作者： Emmett L.Wyman Yakun Xi steve Zelditch Department of Mathematics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Mathematics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

Let{e_(j)}b. an orthonormal b.sis of Laplace eigenfunctions of a compact Riemannian manifold(M,g).Let H■M b. a sub.anifold and{ψ_(k)}b. an orthonormal b.sis of Laplace eigenfunctions of H with the induced *** ob.ain joint asymptotics for the Fourier coefficientsL^(2)(H)=∫He_(j),ψ_(k)dV_(H)of restrictionsγHe_(j)of e_(j)to *** particular,we ob.ain asymptotics for the sums of the norm-squares of the Fourier coefficients over the joint spectrum{(μ_(k),λ_(j))}^(∞)_(j,k-0)of the(square roots of the)Laplacian△_(M)on M and the Laplacian△_(H)on H in a family of suitab.y‘thick'regions in R^(2).Thick regions include(1)the truncated coneμ_(k)/λ_(j)∈[a,b.■(0,1)andλ_(j)≤λ,and(2)the slowly thickening strip|μ_(k)-cλ_(j)|≤w(λ)andλ_(j)≤λ,where w(λ)is monotonic and 1■w(λ)≤λ^(1/2).Key tools for ob.aining the asymptotics include the composition calculus of Fourier integral operators and a new multidimensional Taub.rian theorem.

关键词： eigenfunctions period integrals Kuznecov formula

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Inverse Design of Strained Graphene Surfaces for Electron Control

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Communications in Computational Physics 2023年第6期33卷 235-260页

作者： Francois Fillion-Gourdeau Emmanuel Lorin steve Maclean Institute for Quantum Computing University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanadaN2L 3G1 School of Mathematics and Statistics Carleton UniversityOttawaCanadaK1S 5B6 Centre de Recherches Mathematiques Universite de MontrealMontrealCanadaH3T 1J4

This paper is devoted to the inverse design of strained graphene surfaces for the control of electrons in the semi-classical optical-like *** that charge carriers are describ.d b. the Dirac equation in curved-space and exploiting the fact that wave propagation can b. describ.d b. ray-optics in this regime,a general computational strategy is proposed in order to find strain fields associated with a desired effective refractive index *** latter is first determined b. solving semi-classical trajectories and b. optimizing a chosen ob.ective functional using a genetic ***,the graded refractive index corresponding to the strain field is ob.ained b. using its connection to the metric component in isothermal *** coordinates are evaluated via numerical quasiconformal transformations b. solving the b.ltrami equation with a finite volume *** graphene surface deformation is finally optimized,also using a genetic algorithm,to reproduce the desired index of *** analytical results and numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the methodology.

关键词： Graphene isothermal coordinates b.ltrami equation gravitational lens waveguide finite volume method genetic algorithm Dirac equation

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