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Effect of pipe installation and external load on buried steel pipe responses:Experimental and numerical investigations

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Underground Space 2024年第2期15卷 44-58页

作者： Yadong Zhang Ron Chik-Kwong wong Jianfeng Chen Wei Su Department of Civil Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

During pipe installation,compacting soil at pipe sides causes an initial pipe deformation which is known as the"peaking"***,in conventional pipe design codes,only pipe deformation caused by vertical overburden is considered while the"peaking"effect is *** this study,a full-scale test was conducted on a Grade X52 steel pipe with a diameter of 600 mm to investigate the impacts of both soil compaction and vertical overburden on pipe *** compaction and external load were found to elongate and shorten the vertical pipe diameter,***"peaking"effect was observed during the installation procedure accompanied by the highest pipe stress measured at the pipe ***,a two-dimensional finite element model was created and validated based on the calculated pipe stresses from the experimental study.A parametric study was performed thereafter to numerically study the impacts of soil water content,pipe wall thickness,compaction pressure,and lift thickness on pipe responses due to soil compaction and external *** increase in the"peaking"effect is observed with increasing soil water content and compaction pressure,while an increase in pipe wall thickness or lift thickness would cause a decrease in the"peaking"effect.

关键词： X52 steel Soil compaction External load Peaking effect Pipe deflection Soil arching

Insights on advanced substrates for controllable fabrication of photoanodes toward efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 164-221页

作者： Huilin Hou Gang Shao Yang Wang Wai‐Yeung wong Weiyou Yang Institute of Micro/Nano Materials and Devices Ningbo University of TechnologyNingboChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Applied Biology and Chemical technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Conversion of solar energy into H_(2) by photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is recognized as an ideal way to address the growing energy crisis and environmental *** a typical PEC cell,the construction of photoanodes is crucial to guarantee the high efficiency and stability of PEC reactions,which fundamentally rely on rationally designed semiconductors(as the active materials)and substrates(as the current collectors).In this review work,we start with a brief introduction of the roles of substrates in the PEC ***,we provide a systematic overview of representative strategies for the controlled fabrication of photoanodes on rationally designed substrates,including conductive glass,metal,sapphire,silicon,silicon carbide,and flexible ***,some prospects concerning the challenges and research directions in this area are proposed.

关键词： hydrogen photoanode photoelectrochemical substrates water splitting

Advances in Wireless,Batteryless,Implantable Electronics for Real‑time,Continuous Physiological Monitoring

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 254-302页

作者： Hyeonseok Kim Bruno Rigo Gabriella wong Yoon Jae Lee Woon‑Hong Yeo IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Tech and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30332USA Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Institute for MaterialsInstitute for Robotics and Intelligent MachinesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

this review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless,batteryless,fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring,focusing on advancing human health *** considerations,such as biological constraints,energy sourcing,and wireless communication,are discussed in achieving the desired performance of the devices and enhanced interface with human *** addition,we review the recent achievements in materials used for developing implantable systems,emphasizing their importance in achieving multi-functionalities,biocompatibility,and *** wireless,batteryless devices offer minimally invasive device insertion to the body,enabling portable health monitoring and advanced disease ***,we summarize the most recent practical applications of advanced implantable devices for human health care,highlighting their potential for immediate commercialization and clinical uses.

关键词： Implantable electronics Biomedical systems Batteryless devices Wireless electronics Physiological signal monitoring

Do we really need a standardized approach to spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 191-193页

作者： tomoki Sempokuya Linda L.wong Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineJohn A.Burns School of MedicineUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA Department of Surgery John A.Burns School of MedicineUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in Asian and African countries due to a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infections(1,2).the vast majority of current studies focus on the treatment of HCC itself rather than complications from HCC.A potentially life-threatening complication of HCC is spontaneous rupture,and its prevalence has been reportedly to be 5-15%of all HCC cases(1).this is the third leading cause of HCC-related death after tumor progression and liver failure,and there is a high mortality associated with rupture(3,4).

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) spontaneous rupture liver resection trans-arterial embolization(tAE)

Enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic substitution with a Reformatsky reagent: direct construction of β-stereogenic homoallylic esters

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3791-3797页

作者： Debasis Pal Kirana D.Veeranna Yuk Fai wong P.Andrew Evans Department of Chemistry Queen's University Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University

the Reformatsky reagent derived from ethyl bromoacetate circumvents the challenge associated with the direct regio-and enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation with an unstabilized aliphatic ester enolate. Notably, this work represents the first example of using a Reformatsky reagent in a metal-allyl reaction, which permits the direct construction of enantioenriched β-stereogenic homoallylic esters without preactivation of the pronucleophile or post-reaction modification of the product(e.g., thermal decarboxylation of a 1,3-dicarbonyl). Moreover, the process allows the coupling of a broad range of sterically and electronically diverse electrophiles bearing aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl derivatives, including the significantly more challenging alkyl-substituted allylic carbonates. the versatility of the ester product is exemplified by a series of functional group manipulations and the development of a concise and efficient enantioselective total synthesis of the natural product,(+)-descurainolide A. Finally, mechanistic studies indicate that the zinc enolate behaves as a soft nucleophile that undergoes outer-sphere alkylation.

关键词： allylic substitution asymmetric catalysis mechanistic studies natural product synthesis Reformatsky reagent

Early anticoagulation in patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation is associated with fewer ischaemic lesions at 1 month: the AttUNE study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 30-37,I0034页

作者： Angelos Sharobeam Longting Lin Christina Lam Carlos Garcia-Esperon Yash Gawarikar Ronak Patel Matthew Lee-Archer Andrew wong Michael Roizman Amanda Gilligan Andrew Lee Kee Meng tan Susan Day Christopher Levi stephen M Davis Mark Parsons Bernard Yan Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital ParkvilleVictoriaAustralia University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School LiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology Calvary Public HospitalCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of Neurology Northern Hospital EppingEppingVictoriaAustralia Department of Neurology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia the University of Queensland School of Medicine HerstonQueenslandAustralia Neurosciences Clinical Institute Epworth HealthcareRichmondVirginiaAustralia Department of Neurology Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Department of Neurology Gold Coast University HospitalSouthportQueenslandAustralia the University of Sydney Northern Clinical School St LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Liverpool HospitalLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia

Background the optimal time to commence anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack(tIA)is unclear,with guidelines differing in recommendations.A limitation of previous studies is the focus on clinically overt stroke,rather than radiologically obvious diffusion-weighted imaging ischaemic *** aimed to quantify silent ischaemic lesions and haemorrhages on MRI at 1month in patients commenced on early(te(≥4days)*** hypothesised that there would be fewer ischaemic lesions and more haemorrhages in the early anticoagulant group at 1-month *** A prospective multicentre,observational cohort study was performed at 11 Australian stroke *** and MRI data were collected at baseline and follow-up,with blinded imaging assessment performed by two *** of commencement of anticoagulation was at the discretion of the treating stroke *** We recruited 276 patients of whom 208 met the eligibility *** average age was 74.2 years(SD±10.63),and 79(38%)patients were *** National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 5(IQR 1–12).Median baseline ischaemic lesion volume was 5mL(IQR 2–17).there were a greater number of new ischaemic lesions on follow-up MRI in patients commenced on anticoagulation≥4days after index event(17%vs 8%,p=0.04),but no difference in haemorrhage rates(22%vs 32%,p=0.10).Baseline ischaemic lesion volume of≤5mL was less likely to have a new haemorrhage at 1month(p=0.02).there was no difference in haemorrhage rates in patients with an initial ischaemic lesion volume of>5mL,regardless of anticoagulation *** Commencing anticoagulationter stroke or tIA is associated with fewer ischaemic lesions at 1month in AF *** is no increased rate of haemorrhage with early *** results suggest that early anticoagulation after mild-to-moderate acute ischaemic stroke associated w

关键词： patients lesions ischaemic

Langmuir-Schaefer Film Investigation and Density Functional theory Band Gap Calculations of Calix[n]arene-Para-Aminobenzoic Acid for Drug Nanosensor Application

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(Materials Science) 2024年第5期39卷 1311-1318页

作者： wong Yeong Yi F L Supian A Radzwan M Musa N F N Abd Karim Department of Physics Sultan Idris Education UniversityTanjong Malim 35900Malaysia Department of Chemistry Sultan Idris Education UniversityTanjong Malim 35900Malaysia

Calix[n]arenes was utilized to detect PABA,the primary sunscreen *** study investigates the interaction of calix[4]arene(C4),calix[6]arene(C6),and PABA using the Langmuir method and first-principle density functional theory(DFt).Using the Langmuir-Schaefer(LS)technique,an ultrathin film composed of calix[n]arenes and their complexes with PABA was deposited on various *** on the Langmuir study,the PABA molecule was bonded to the lower rims of both C4 and C6 with the host-guest ratio of 1:*** of the LS films formed were then characterized by ultravioletvisible spectroscopy(UV-Vis),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FtIR)and carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,sulfur elemental analyzer(CHNS).the band gap reduction obtained in the DFt study denotes the charge transfer interaction with promising reactivity between the calix[n]arenes and *** sensing of PABA by C4 and C6 is successful based on the formation of bonding between them due to the hosts’effective trapping *** outcomes of this study could be applied to drug delivery systems for future pharmaceutical and medical applications.

关键词： calix[n]arenes band gap density functional theory Langmuir-Schaefer PABA sensor

SnapshotPrune: A Novel Bitcoin-Based Protocol toward Efficient Pruning and Fast Node Bootstrapping

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tsinghua Science and technology 2024年第4期29卷 1037-1052页

作者： Pengfei Huang Xiaojun Ren teng Huang Arthur Sandor Voundi Koe Duncan S wong Hai Jiang Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006Chinaand also with Pazhou LabGuangzhou 510330China

Node synchronization is essential for the stability of the Bitcoin network. Critics have raised doubts about the ability of a new node to quickly and efficiently synchronize with the Bitcoin network and alleviate the storage pressure from existing full nodes to stockpile new data. Basic pruning and other techniques have been explored to address these concerns but have been insufficient to reduce node synchronization delay and effectively suppress the growth of synchronized data. In this study, we propose SnapshotPrune, a novel pruning and synchronization protocol that achieves fast node bootstrapping in the Bitcoin blockchain. Real Bitcoin historical data are leveraged to measure the synchronization time and monitor the network traffic during node bootstrapping. the protocol requires data downloads that are 99.70% less than Bitcoin Core, 81% less than CoinPrune, and 60% less than SnapshotSave, thereby saving 97.23% of download time. Findings show that the proposed design enhances the storage efficiency and reduces the node synchronization delay compared with existing techniques. We hypothesize that the efficiency of this protocol increases with the block height.

关键词： synchronization blockchain Unspent transaction Output(UtXO)pruning snapshot fast bootstrapping

Existing and emerging biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma:relevance in staging,determination of minimal residual disease,and monitoring treatment response:a narrative review

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 39-55页

作者： Dana A.Dominguez Paul wong Laleh G.Melstrom Department of Surgical Oncology City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCAUSA University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA

Background and Objective:With the development of novel active systemic therapies,the landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)management is rapidly ***,HCC lacks sensitive and specific biomarkers to predict prognosis,monitor for minimal residual disease after locoregional therapy,and predict treatment *** this review,we aim to summarize the best supporting evidence for refining existing,and development of novel biomarkers for staging,prognosis,determination of minimal residual disease and monitoring treatment response in HCC,focusing on those with evidence in clinical ***:PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the keywords;hepatocellular carcinoma,biomarker,minimal residual disease,surveillance,prognosis,staging,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),liquid biopsy,treatment response,adjuvant,*** clinical studies were *** Content and Findings:AFP remains the major workhorse as the most widely used biomarker in HCC,however,its lack of wide applicability due to the high proportion of patients with HCC who are AFP negative,limits its value throughout all stages of HCC *** work has been done to combine AFP with other clinical and serologic factors to increase its accuracy and utility as a ***,it is likely that other more novel biomarkers such as those obtained through liquid biopsy will provide the prognostic power necessary for applications such as detecting recurrence and predicting treatment *** biopsy provides not only a wealth of potential biomarkers including circulating tumor cells and cell-free RNA/DNA,but also the ability to examine the mutational characteristics of the tumor with next generation *** early evidence supports the potential impact of many new biomarkers,validation in large clinical trials is ***:this review highlights the paucity of sensitive and specific,widely applicable biomarkers,throughout all phases of management of

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) biomarker liquid biopsy alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)