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Greenhouse gas emissions during co-composting of cattle feedlot manure with construction and demolition （C＆D） waste

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 141-152页

作者： Xiying Hao francis J. Larney Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development Centre Lethbridge Alberta T1J 4B1 Canada

Manure management strategies should reflect current animal feeding practices and encourage recycling of organic waste to help protect our environment. This research investigated greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions during cattle manure stockpiling or composting with and without construction and demolition （C＆D） waste. Manure was collected from cattle fed a typical finishing diet （CK manure） and from cattle on diets which included 30% dried distillers grains with solubles （DG manure）. The CK and DG manures were co-composted with （4：1） C＆D waste （treatments： CK CD, DG CD）, composted alone （treatments： CK and DG） in 13 m3 bins or stockpiled without C＆D ~vaste （treatments： CK ST and DGST） for 99 days. Manure type （CK vs. DG manure） had no effect on GHG emissions-over the 99 day manure composting or stockpiling. Composting with C＆D waste 2 produced similar CO2 emissions, about double that from manure stockpthng （7.9 kgC.m^-2）. In contrast, CH4 emissions were reduced by the inclusion of C＆D waste （64 gC.m^-1 with C＆D vs. 244 gC.m 2 without C＆D） while the manure stockpile emitted the greatest amount of CH4 （464 gC. m 2）. Additionally, only 0.48% of C was emitted in CH4 form with C＆D waste, compared to 1.68% when composting without C＆D waste and 7.00% when cattle manure was stockpiled. The N2O emissions （12.4 to 18.0 gN.m ） were similar across all treatments. The lower CH4 emissions with C＆D waste are beneficial in reducing overall GHG emissions from manure composting, while reducing the amount of material entering landfills.

关键词： Livestock manuregreenhouse gas fluxstraw bale compost binN2O CH4 CO2

OpenStreetMap data quality enrichment through awareness raising and collective action tools——experiences from a European project

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2018年第3期21卷 234-246页

作者： Amin Mobasheri Alexander Zipf Louise francis GIScience Research Group Institute of GeographyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany Mapping for Change(Co.Ltd.) LondonUnited Kingdom

Nowadays,several research projects show interest in employing volunteered geographic information(VGI)to improve their systems through using up-to-date and detailed *** European project CAP4Access is one of the successful examples of such international-wide research projects that aims to improve the accessibility of people with restricted mobility using crowdsourced *** this project,OpenStreetMap(OSM)is used to extend OpenRouteService,a well-known routing ***,a basic challenge that this project tackled was the incompleteness of OSM data with regards to certain information that is required for wheelchair accessibility(*** information,kerb data,etc.).In this article,we present the results of initial assessment of sidewalk data in OSM at the beginning of the project as well as our approach in awareness raising and using tools for tagging accessibility data into OSM database for enriching the sidewalk data *** experiments have been carried out in different European cities,and discussion on the results of the experiments as well as the lessons learned are *** lessons learned provide recommendations that help in organizing better mapping party events in the *** conclude by reporting on how and to what extent the OSM sidewalk data completeness in these study areas have benefited from the mapping parties by the end of the project.

关键词： Accessibility OpenStreetMap(OSM) data quality data completeness sidewalk wheel map

Practical evaluation of the drag of a ship for design and optimization

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第5期25卷 645-654页

作者： YANG Chi HUANG Fuxin NOBLESSE francis Center for Computational Fluid DynamicsGeorge Mason University State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering and School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University

We consider two major components of the drag of a ship, the ＂friction drag＂ and the ＂wave drag＂, that are related to viscous friction at the hull surface and wavemaking, and mostly depend on the Reynolds number and the Froude number, respectively. We also consider the influence of sinkage and trim, viscosity, and nonlinearities on the drag. The sum of the friction drag given by the classical ITTC friction formula and the wave drag predicted by the modification, called Neumann-Michell （NM） theory, of the classical Neumann-Kelvin theory of ship waves is found to be within about 10% of experimental drag measurements for four ship hulls for which theoretical predictions and experimental measurements are compared. The sum of the ITTC friction drag and the NM wave drag can then be expected to yield realistic practical estimates that can be useful for routine applications to design and hull- form optimization of a broad range of displacement ships. Furthermore, we note several simple extensions of this highly simplified approach that can be expected to significantly improve accuracy.

关键词： friction drag wave drag Neumann-Michell (NM) theory sinkage and trim nonlinear effects

Breath volatile organic compounds for the gut-fatty liver axis: promise, peril, and path forward

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9017-9025页

作者： Steven francis Solga Solga Gastroenterology Bethlehem PA 18015 United States

The worldwide interest in the gut microbiome and its impact on the upstream liver highlight a critical upside to breath research: it can uniquely measure otherwise unmeasurable biology. Bacteria make gases [volatile organic compounds(VOCs)] that are directly relevant to pathophysiology of the fatty liver and associated conditions, including obesity. Measurement of these VOCs and their metabolites in the exhaled breath, therefore, present an opportunity to safely and easily evaluate, on both a personal and a population level, some of our most pressing public health threats. This is an opportunity that must be pursued. To date, however, breath analysis remains a slowly evolving field which only occasionally impacts clinical research or patient care. One major obstacle to progress is that breath analysis is inherently and emphatically mutli-disciplinary: it connects engineering, chemistry, breath mechanics, biology and medicine. Unbalanced or incomplete teams may produce inconsistent and often unsatisfactory results. A second impediment is the lack of a well-known stepwise structure for the development of non-invasive diagnostics. As a result, the breath research landscape is replete with orphaned single-center pilot studies. Often, important hypotheses and key observations have not been pursued to maturation. This paper reviews the rationale and requirements for breath VOC research applied to the gut-fatty liver axis and offers some suggestions for future development.

关键词： Breath Volatile organic compounds Fatty liver Gut flora Breath analysis

Conservative Discontinuous Galerkin/Hermite Spectral Method for the Vlasov-Poisson System

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2022年第1期4卷 34-59页

作者： francis Filbet Tao Xiong Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UniversitéPaul SabatierToulouse 31062France School of Mathematical Sciences and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and High-Performance Scientific Computing Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005Fujian ProvinceChina

We propose a class of conservative discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Vlasov-Pois-son system written as a hyperbolic system using Hermite polynomials in the velocity *** schemes are designed to be systematically as accurate as one wants with prov-able conservation of mass and possibly total *** properties in general are hard to achieve within other numerical method frameworks for simulating the Vlasov-Poisson *** proposed scheme employs the discontinuous Galerkin discretization for both the Vlasov and the Poisson equations,resulting in a consistent description of the distribu-tion function and the electric *** simulations are performed to verify the order of the accuracy and conservation properties.

关键词： Energy conserving Discontinuous Galerkin method Hermite spectral method Vlasov-Poisson

First attempt to use a remotely operated vehicle to observe soniferous fish behavior in the Gulf of Maine,Western Atlantic Ocean

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 90-99页

作者： Rodney A.ROUNTREE francis JUANES Marine Ecology and Technology Applications Inc. Department of Natural Resource Conservation University of Massachusetts

Underwater sound and video observations were made at noon, sunset, and midnight in sand, gravel, and boulder habitat in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Gulf of Maine, USA in October 2001 using a remotely operated vehicle （ROV）. Seventeen species of fish and squid were observed with clear habitat and time differences. Observations of feeding behavior, disturbance behavior, and both interspecific and intraspecific interactions provided numerous opportunities for potential sound production; however, sounds were recorded only during a single dive. Although high noise levels generated by the ROV and support ship may have masked some sounds, we conclude that fish sound production in the Gulf of Maine during the fall is uncommon. The recorded fish sounds are tentatively attributed to the cusk Brosme brosme. Cusk sounds consisted variously of isolated thumps, widely spaced thump trains, drumrolls, and their combinations. Frequency peaks were observed at 188, 539, and 1195 Hz. Use of a remotely operated vehicle （ROV） as a passive acoustic observation platform was problematic due to high ROV self-noise and the ROV＇s inability to maintain a fixed position on the bottom without thruster power. Some fishes were clearly also disturbed by ROV noise, indicating a potential ROV sampling bias. Based on our observations, we suggest that new instruments incorporating both optic and passive acoustic technologies are needed to provide better tools for in situ behavioral studies ofcusk and other fishes [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 90-99 2010].

关键词： Passive acoustics Soniferous Gulf of Maine ROV Sound production Fish behavior

Cluster Consensus of Nonlinearly Coupled Multi-Agent Systems in Directed Graphs

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第5期27卷 36-39页

作者：路晓庆 francis Austin 陈士华 School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Department of Appiied Mathematics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

We investigate the cluster consensus problem in directed networks of nonlinearly coupled multi-agent systems by using pinning control. Depending on the community structure generated by the group partition of the underlying digraph, various clusters can be made coherently independent by applying feedback injections to a fraction of the agents. Sufficient conditions for cluster consensus are obtained using algebraic graph theory and matrix theory and some simulations results are included to illustrate the method.

关键词： cluster consensus agents cluster

A“taxonomic affidavit”:Why it is needed?

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第2期2卷 57-59页

作者： francis Dov POR The Scientific Collections of Natural History Life Science InstituteHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael

Imprecise and faulty taxonomic identification of the biological objects of many ecological and experimental studies renders these studies *** identification to the species level and excessive use of vernacular species names are additional *** science must be able to be falsified.I recommend that publications and granting agencies use and mention the names of the zoologists or botanists who identified the *** specimens should be marked and deposited in scientific museums for future checking.

关键词： identification replicability taxonomic services vernacular names voucher specimens

The actuality of Lamarck: towards the bicentenary of his Philosophie Zoologique

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Integrative Zoology 2006年第1期1卷 48-52页

作者： francis Dov POR Hebrew University of Jerusalem JerusalemIsrael

Lamarck,a son of the age of natural philosophy and revolutionary ideas,turned to zoology,the field in which he made his major impact,in his old *** then,the world had already shifted towards a different intellectual atmosphere and,due to this anachronism,he was snubbed and even ridiculed by the mainstream *** his basic ideas about the active role of organisms in and the progressive unraveling of evolution stubbornly survived along the academic fringes and,more importantly,among the humanistic *** developments in genetic inheritance,embryology,immunology and behavioral studies vindicate,at least in part,the 200-year-old vision of Lamarck.

关键词： Lamarck new genetics progressive evolution role of behavior