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大规模无创产前检测的基因组分析揭示了多个性状的遗传关联、病毒的感染模式以及中国人群的遗传历史

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科学新闻 2019年第2期 34-34页

作者： Siyang Liu Shujia Huang Fang Chen Lijian Zhao Yuying Yuan stephen starko francis Lin Fang Zilong Li Long Lin Rong Liu Yong Zhang Huixin Xu Shengkang Li Yuwen Zhou Robert W.Davies Qiang Liu Robin G.Walters Kuang Lin Jia Ju Thorfinn Korneliussen Melinda A.Yang Qiaomei Fu Jun Wang Lijun Zhou Anders Krogh Hongyun Zhang Wei Wang Zhengming Chen Zhiming Cai Ye Yin Huanming Yang Mao Mao Jay Shendure 汪建 Anders Albrechtsen 金鑫 Rasmus Nielsen 徐讯华大基因华南理工大学深圳华大生命科学研究院

文章简介本研究分析了参与无创产前基因检测(NIPT)的141,431名中国女性的全基因组低深度测序数据。研究团队使用这些数据描绘了中国人的群体遗传特征,并探索了遗传因素与母婴健康等性状的相互关联情况。研究发现,现代中国人群等位基因... 详细信息

文章简介本研究分析了参与无创产前基因检测(NIPT)的141,431名中国女性的全基因组低深度测序数据。研究团队使用这些数据描绘了中国人的群体遗传特征,并探索了遗传因素与母婴健康等性状的相互关联情况。研究发现,现代中国人群等位基因的频率分布是古

关键词：无创产前检测感染模式基因组分析

Tranexamic acid for major trauma patients in Ireland

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第1期13卷 11-17页

作者： Kieran Walsh francis O’Keeff e Louise Brent Biswadev Mitra National Trauma Research Institute the Alfred HospitalMelbourne 3004Australia Critical Care Research School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004Australia Emergency&Trauma Centre Alfred HealthMelbourne 3004Australia Emergency Department Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin D07 R2WYIreland National Offi ce for Clinical Audit Ardilaun HouseDublin D02 VN51Ireland

BACKGROUND:The Clinical Randomisation of an Anti-fibrinolytic in Significant Hemorrhage-2(CRASH-2)is the largest randomized control trial(RCT)examining circulatory resuscitation for trauma patients to date and concluded a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality in patients administered tranexamic acid(TXA)within 3 hours of *** the publication of CRASH-2,significant geographical variance in the use of TXA for trauma patients *** study aims to assess TXA use for major trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock in Ireland after the publication of ***:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data derived from the Trauma Audit and Research Network(TARN).All injured patients in Ireland between January 2013 and December 2018 who had evidence of hemorrhagic shock on presentation(as defined by systolic blood pressure[SBP]1(70.68%vs.57.43%)and higher Injury Severity Score(ISS>25;49.62%vs.23.76%).Administration of TXA was not associated with mortality at hospital discharge(odds ratio[OR]0.86,95%CI 0.31–2.38).CONCLUSIONS:Among injured Irish patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock,TXA was administered to 56.8%of *** administered with TXA were on average more severely ***,a mortality benefit could not be demonstrated.

关键词： Tranexamic acid Shock Ireland Hemorrhage

A critical review of policies and legislation protecting Tanzanian wetlands

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第12期4卷 2-12页

作者： Silvia francis Materu Brigitte Urban Susanne Heise Department of Biosciences Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and EducationSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Institute of Ecology Faculty of Sustainability SciencesLeuphana University of LüneburgLüneburgGermany Faculty of Life sciences Hamburg University of Applied SciencesHamburgGermany

Introduction:The benefit of wetlands for reducing poverty depends on the effectiveness of governance systems that influence peoples’behaviour in the wise use of ***:This article critically analyses the current poverty reduction strategies,agrarian policies and economic investments governing wetland usage,especially in Tanzania,with regard to their impact on sustainable Ramsar wetlands ***:It analyses the management structure,domestic policies and legal framework relating to the protection of wetlands in Tanzania in accordance to the wise use concept of the Ramsar ***:Tanzanian legal provisions for wetland protection are uncoordinated and too limited in their coverage and scope to sufficiently address the destruction of wetland *** is no comprehensive national legal framework to guide sustainable management of Ramsar wetlands in Tanzania as laid out by the Ramsar Convention,which the country ratified in the year ***:Without a sound legislative and policy-making framework,Tanzanian wetlands and their diverse ecosystem services will continue to degenerate with current strategies of increasing agribusiness and other developmental projects or economic *** paper provides critical baseline information to inform decision makers to develop appropriate policy and laws,which promote the wise use of wetlands in Tanzania.

关键词： Economic investments poverty reduction wetland ecosystems Ramsar Sites legal frameworks sustainability

Root growth dynamics during recovery of tropical mountain forest in North-east India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第10期16卷 2335-2347页

作者： Chalthleng LALNUNZIRA francis Q.BREARLEY Shri Kant TRIPATHI Department of Forestry Mizoram UniversityAizawl 796 004India School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchesterM1 5GDUK

Ever increasing pressures on tropical forests worldwide due to anthropogenic disturbances have greatly affected both above-and belowground functioning of these *** fine roots play major ecological roles in forests through assisting in nutrient and water uptake and returning elements to the soil environment,coarse roots play an important role in C *** studied changes in fine and coarse root biomass,production,turnover and carbon and nitrogen return to the soil in two regenerating forest stands(RFs)following stonemining that were 5 years(RF-5)and 15 years(RF-15)post-disturbance compared with a natural forest stand(NF)in Mizoram,North-east ***(<2mm)and coarse root(2-10 mm)biomass differed significantly among the forest stands and ranged from239(RF-5)to 415(NF)and 230(RF-5)to 436(NF)g m 2,*** root(fine+coarse)biomass increased during stand development but the proportion of very fine root(<0.5 mm)to total root production *** root biomass decreased with increasing soil *** and total root biomass showed strong seasonal correlations with soil moisture,more so than for rainfall and temperature,whereas these relationships were less clear for the coarse root *** amount of N(25-55 kg ha-1)and C(1.9-3.6t ha-1)stored in root biomass increased with stand age with a corresponding increase in production and turnover of C and N to the *** to these tropical forests negatively affected root dynamics,influenced their spatiotemporal patterns,and reduced the production,amount and availability of nutrients returned to the soil along with a strong reduction in the root biomass carbon pool and sequestration in carbon residence *** observed that root growth,especially fine roots,is dependent on abiotic variables,and plays a significant role in early stages of secondary succession by adding organic matter and nutrients through high turnover rates in these forests.

关键词： Total root biomass Element return Regenerating forest Root production and turnover Anthropogenic disturbance

Abundance and prey capture success of Common Terns(Sterna hirundo)and Pied Kingfishers(Ceryle rudis)in relation to water clarity in south-east coastal Ghana

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 226-238页

作者： Lars H.Holbech francis Gbogbo Timothy Khan Aikins Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of GhanaP.O.Box LG 67LegonAccraGhana Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Management University for Development StudiesBox TL 1882Nyankpala CampusTamaleGhana

Background: Water clarity may negatively influence rate of plunge diving and prey capture success of piscivorous plunge-diving birds, and therefore has implications for their conservation in polluted urban wetlands. We studied the relationship between water clarity and the abundance and prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers(Ceryle rudis) and Common Terns(Sterna hirundo) in two polluted coastal waters of south-east Ghana—the Weija Lake and Densu Delta Ramsar ***: On each wetland, data on abundance and prey capture success of plunge-divers were collected in four spatio-temporal quadrats of 100 m × 100 m and analysed with concurrent measurements of water quality parameters using GLM regression with Pearson's correlation ***: Mean prey capture success of Pied Kingfishers(34.7 e two species responded differently to water clarity. The± 13.1%) and Common Terns(35.3 abundance of Common Terns was± 11.0%) were similar but th significantly higher in less transparent/more turbid water while that of Pied Kingfishers showed no significant relationship with turbidity and transparency. In contrast, the prey capture success of Common Terns was neither related to transparency nor turbidity, as opposed to that of Pied Kingfishers which was significantly higher in more turbid/less transparent waters. Correlations between capture success and bird abundance, as well as capture attempts were insignificant, suggesting that increased fish abundance associated with cloudy water may not necessarily promote higher abundance and capture success of foraging birds. Thus, when foraging in less transparent water, capture success may depend more on predator avoidance by fish prey than lower prey detectability of foraging ***: Within a gradient of 15–51 cm transparency studied, lower water clarity did not constrain prey capture success of Common Terns and Pied Kingfishers. Further studies on the foraging ecology of plunge-divers in coastal Ghana are however r

关键词： Coastal Ghana Common Tern Pied Kingfisher Prey capture success Water turbidity and transparency

Fate and transport of theβ-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride in soil–water systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期28卷 40-48页

作者： Heldur Hakk Weilin L.Shelver francis X.M.Casey USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory 1605 Albrecht Blvd.FargoND 58102USA Department of Soil Sciences North Dakota State UniversityAlbrecht Blvd.FargoND 58108USA

The feed additive ractopamine hydrochloride was fortified at four concentrations into batch vials containing soils that differed in both biological activity and organic matter（OM）.Sampling of the liquid layer for 14 days demonstrated that ractopamine rapidly dissipated from the liquid layer. Less than 20% of the fortified dose remained in the liquid layer after 4 hr,and recoveries of dosed ractopamine ranged from 8 to 18% in the liquid layer at 336 hr. Sorption to soil was the major fate for ractopamine in soil：water systems, i.e., 42%–51% of the dose at14 days. The major portion of the sorbed fraction was comprised of non-extractables; a smaller fraction of the sorbed dose was extracted into water and acetone, portions which would be potentially mobile in the environment. Partitioning coefficients for all soils suggested strong sorption of ractopamine to soil which is governed by hydrophobic interactions and cation exchange complexes within the soil OM. Ractopamine degradation was observed, but to mostly non-polar compounds which had a higher potential than ractopamine to sorb to soil. The formation of volatiles was also suggested. Therefore, despite rapid and extensive soil sorption,these studies indicated a portion of ractopamine, present in manures used to fertilize soils,may be mobile in the environment via water-borne events.

关键词： Ractopamine Transport Degradation β-Adrenergic agonist Soil

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Ship bow waves

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第4期25卷 491-501页

作者： NOBLESSE francis DELHOMMEAU Gerard LIU Hua WAN De-cheng YANG Chi State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides Ecole CentraleNantes France School of Physics Astronomy and Computational Sciences George Mason University

The bow wave generated by a ship hull that advances at constant speed in calm water is considered. The bow wave only depends on the shape of the ship bow （not on the hull geometry aft of the bow wave）. This basic property makes it possible to de- termine the bow waves generated by a canonical family of ship bows defined in terms of relatively few parameters. Fast ships with fine bows generate overturning bow waves that consist of detached thin sheets of water, which are mostly steady until they hit the main free surface and undergo turbulent breaking up and diffusion. However, slow ships with blunt bows create highly unsteady and turbulent breaking bow waves. These two alternative flow regimes are due to a nonlinear constraint related to the Bernoulli relation at the free surface. Recent results about the ove^urning and breaking bow wave regimes, and the boundary that divides these two basic flow regimes, are reviewed. Questions and conjectures about the energy of breaking ship bow waves, and free-surface effects on flow circulation, are also noted.

关键词： bow wave overturning wave breaking wave wave height wave energy

Don’t Call Them Lobbyists

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国际经济合作 2009年第8期 1-1,95页

作者： Theo francis Steve LeVine

Businessweek, August 10, 2009Despite the rhetoric of the past 18 months, few in the nation's capital really believed the Beltway lobbyist would disappear overnight just because a new President vowed to change

关键词：美国国会政客议会

Bile acid interactions with cholangiocytes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3553-3563页

作者： Xuefeng Xia Heather francis Shannon Glaser Gianfranco Alpini Gene LeSage University of Texas at Houston Medical School Houston TX United States Division of Research and Education Scott & White Hospital and The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine Temple TX United States Department of Medicine Division of Research and Education Scott & White Hospital and The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of MedicineTemple TX United States Central Texas Vctcrans Health Care System and Department of Medicine and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine United States

Cholangiocytes are exposed to high concentrations of bile acids at their apical membrane. A selective transporter for bile acids, the Apical Sodium Bile Acid Cotransporter （ASBT）（also referred to as Ibat; gene name Slc10a2） is localized on the cholangiocyte apical membrane. On the basolateral membrane, four transport systems have been identified （t-ASBT, multidrug resistance （MDR）3, an unidentified anion exchanger system and organic solute transporter （Ost） heteromeric transporter, Ostα- Ostβ. Together, these transporters unidirectionally move bile acids from ductal bile to the circulation. Bile acids absorbed by cholangiocytes recycle via the peribiliary plexus back to hepatocytes for re-secretion into bile. This recycling of bile acids between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes is referred to as the cholehepatic shunt pathway. Recent studies suggest that the cholehepatic shunt pathway may contribute in overall hepatobiliary transport of bile acids and to the adaptation to chronic cholestasis due to extrahepatic obstruction. ASBT is acutely regulated by an adenosine 3＇, 5＇monophosphate （cAMP）-dependent translocation to the apical membrane and by phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. ASBT is chronically regulated by changes in gene expression in response to biliary bile acid concentration and inflammatory cytokines. Another potential function of cholangiocyte ASBT is to allow cholangiocytes to sample biliary bile acids in order to activate intracellular signaling pathways. Bile acids trigger changes in intracellular calcium, protein kinase C （PKC）, phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）, mitogenactivated protein （MAP） kinase and extracellular signalregulated protein kinase （ERK） intracellular signals. Bile acids significantly alter cholangiocyte secretion,proliferation and survival. Different bile acids have differential effects on cholangiocyte intracellular signals,and in some instances trigger opposing effects on cholangiocyte secretion, pro

关键词： Cholangiocytes Bile acid Liver