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Practice patterns and outcomes of equivocal bone scans for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results from SEARCH

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Asian journal of Urology 2019年第3期6卷 242-248页

作者： Brian T.Hanyok Mary M.Everist Lauren E.Howard Amanda M.De Hoedt William j.Aronson Matthew R.Cooperberg Christopher j.Kane Christopher L.Amling Martha K.Terris stephen j.freedland Urology Section Department of SurgeryVeterans Affairs Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA New York Medical College ValhallaNYUSA Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Urology Section Department of SurgeryVeterans Affairs Medical CenterGreater Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Urology University of California at Los Angeles Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Departments ofUrology and Epidemiology&Biostatistics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA Urology Section Department of SurgeryVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA Division of Urology Department of SurgeryUniversity of California at San Diego Medical CenterSan DiegoCAUSA Division of Urology Department of SurgeryOregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandORUSA Urology Section Division of SurgeryVeterans Affairs Medical CenterAugustaGAUSA Division of Urologic Surgery Department of SurgeryMedical College of GeorgiaAugustaGAUSA Division of Urology Department of SurgerySamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Center for Integrated Research in Cancer and Lifestyle Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA

Objective:To review follow-up imaging after equivocal bone scans in men with castration resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)and examine the characteristics of equivocal bone scans that are associated with positive follow-up ***:We identified 639 men from five Veterans Affairs Hospitals with a technetium-99m bone scan after CRPC diagnosis,of whom 99(15%)had equivocal *** with equivocal scans were segregated into“high-risk”and“low-risk”subcategories based upon wording in the bone scan *** follow-up imaging(bone scans,computed tomography[CT],magnetic resonance imaging[MRI],and X-rays)in the 3 months after the equivocal scan were *** were compared between patients with a positive *** follow-up imaging after an equivocal bone ***:Of 99 men with an equivocal bone scan,43(43%)received at least one follow-up imaging test,including 32/82(39%)with low-risk scans and 11/17(65%)with high-risk scans(p=0.052).Of follow-up tests,67%were negative,14%were equivocal,and 19%were *** those who underwent follow-up imaging,3/32(9%)low-risk men had metastases vs.5/11(45%)high-risk men(p=0.015).Conclusion:While 19%of all men who received follow-up imaging had positive follow-up imaging,only 9%of those with a low-risk equivocal bone scan had metastases versus 45%of those with *** preliminary findings,if confirmed in larger studies,suggest follow-up imaging tests for low-risk equivocal scans can be delayed while high-risk equivocal scans should receive follow-up imaging.

关键词： Castration-resistant prostate cancer Equivocal test result Bone scan Radiology report Follow-up imaging Neoplasm metastasis

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A REDUCED ORDER SCHWARZ METHOD FOR NONLINEAR MULTISCALE ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS BASED ON TWO-LAYER NEURAL NETWORKS

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journal of Computational Mathematics 2024年第2期42卷 570-596页

作者： Shi Chen Zhiyan Ding Qin Li stephen j.Wright Mathematics Department University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Mathematics University of California-BerkeleyBerkeley CA 94720USA Mathematics Department and Discovery Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI 53706USA Computer Sciences Department University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA

Neural networks are powerful tools for approximating high dimensional data that have been used in many contexts,including solution of partial differential equations(PDEs).We describe a solver for multiscale fully nonlinear elliptic equations that makes use of domain decomposition,an accelerated Schwarz framework,and two-layer neural networks to approximate the boundary-to-boundarymap for the subdomains,which is the key step in the Schwarz ***,the boundary-to-boundary map requires solution of boundary-value elliptic problems on each *** leveraging the compressibility of multiscale problems,our approach trains the neural network offline to serve as a surrogate for the usual implementation of the boundary-to-boundary *** method is applied to a multiscale semilinear elliptic equation and a multiscale p-Laplace *** both cases we demonstrate significant improvement in efficiency as well as good accuracy and generalization performance.

关键词： Nonlinear homogenization Multiscale elliptic problem Neural networks Do-main decomposition

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Large potential of strengthening the land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions

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Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2622-2631页

作者： Xu Yue Hao Zhou Yang Cao Hong Liao Xiaofei Lu Zhen Yu Wenping Yuan Zhu Liu Yadong Lei stephen Sitch jürgen Knauer Huijun Wang jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China jiangsu Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center Nanjing 210013China Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of jiangsu Province Institute of EcologySchool of Applied MeteorologyNUISTNanjing 210044China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Sino-French Institute for Earth System ScienceCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterExeter EX44RJUK Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrith 2751Australia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of EducationJoint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNUISTNanjing 210044China

The terrestrial ecosystem in China mitigates 21%-45%of the national contemporary fossil fuel CO_(2) emissions every *** and strengthening the land carbon sink is essential for reaching China’s target of carbon ***,this sink is subject to large uncertainties due to the joint impacts of climate change,air pollution,and human ***,we explore the potential of strengthening land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions,including forestation,ozone reduction,and litter removal,taking advantage of a well-validated dynamic vegetation model and meteorological forcings from 16 climate *** anthropogenic interventions,considering Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)scenarios,the land sink is projected to be 0.26-0.56 Pg C a^(-1) at 2060,to which climate change contributes 0.06-0.13 Pg C a^(-1) and CO_(2) fertilization contributes 0.08-0.44 Pg C a^(-1) with the stronger effects for higher emission *** anthropogenic interventions,under a close-to-neutral emission scenario(SSP1-2.6),the land sink becomes 0.47-0.57 Pg C a^(-1) at 2060,including the contributions of 0.12 Pg C a^(-1) by conservative forestation,0.07 Pg C a^(-1) by ozone pollution control,and 0.06-0.16 Pg C a^(-1) by 20%litter removal over planted *** sink can mitigate 90%-110% of the residue anthropogenic carbon emissions in 2060,providing a solid foundation for the carbon neutrality in China.

关键词： Carbon sink Forestation Ozone Litter removal

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Androgen deprivation therapy and side effects:are GnRH antagonists safer?

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Asian journal of Andrology 2021年第1期23卷 3-10页

作者： stephen j.freedland Per-Anders Abrahamsson Division of Urology Department of SurgeryCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048USA Section of Urology Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNC 27705USA Department of Urology SkSne University HospitalLund UniversityMalmo 20502Sweden.

Androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)with gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonists and antagonists is the mainstay of advanced prostate cancer *** drug classes decrease levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormones(FSH),thereby lowering testosterone to castrate *** is associated with adverse events(AEs),including cardiovascular(CV)disorders,bone fractures,metabolic dysfunction,and impaired cognitive *** literature review discusses these AEs,with a focus on CV and bone-related events.A hypothesis-generating meta-analysis of six clinical trials showed a potentially increased risk for CV disorders with GnRH agonists versus the GnRH antagonist *** no study has directly compared GnRH agonists versus antagonists with a primary CV outcome,one hypothesis for this observation is that GnRH agonists lead to initial surges in FSH that may negatively impact CV health,whereas antagonists do *** agonists are associated with metabolic and cognitive AEs and while data are lacking for GnRH antagonists,no differences in risk are *** common AEs with ADT include injection site reactions,which are much more common with degarelix than with GnRH agonists,which may reflect differing administration and injection *** studies are needed to further evaluate and compare the safety profiles of GnRH agonists and antagonists,especially in patients with pre-existing CV disease and other *** should carefully evaluate benefits and risks when prescribing ADT and ensure that side effects are well managed.

关键词： androgen antagonists metabolic syndrome prostate cancer safety

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Harnessing the power of complex light propagation in multimode fibers for spatially resolved sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.SMITH LINH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.REjA ERIK P.SCHARTNER HEIKE EBENDORFF-HEIDEPRIEM DAVID j.OTTAWAY stephen C.WARREN-SMITH Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser Physics and Photonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The propagation of coherent light in multimode optical fibers results in a speckled output that is both complex and sensitive to environmental *** properties can be a powerful tool for sensing,as small perturbations lead to significant changes in the output of the ***,the mechanism to encode spatially resolved sensing information into the speckle pattern and the ability to extract this information are thus far *** this paper,we demonstrate that spatially dependent mode coupling is crucial to achieving spatially resolved *** leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the spatially resolved sensing information from three fiber types with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of spatially dependent mode coupling provides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber spatially resolved

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Comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： Melissa A.stephen Chris R.Burke jennie E.Pryce Nicole M.Steele Peter R.Amer Susanne Meier Claire V.C.Phyn Dorian j.Garrick DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agriculture Victoria Research AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia AbacusBio DunedinNew Zealand

Background Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures,especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure *** include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status,or *** measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-,interval-and rightcensoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound *** we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGEP4),which generally coincides with onset of puberty,as an example *** We produced AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving,pasture-based herds in New *** used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios,increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three *** methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis;2)continuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes;and 3)continuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation *** Credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was *** sires with at least 5 daughters,the correlations between estimated breeding values(EBVs)from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to *** estimated breed effects also varied by method,but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring *** Our results indicate that using

关键词： Cattle Gibbs sampler Markov-chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) Puberty

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Error field penetration in j-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j-TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

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A Modified Lagrange Method for Solving Convex Quadratic Optimization Problems

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Open journal of Optimization 2024年第1期13卷 1-20页

作者： Twum B. stephen Avoka john Christian j. Etwire School of Mathematical Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Mathematics University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana

In this paper, a modified version of the Classical Lagrange Multiplier method is developed for convex quadratic optimization problems. The method, which is evolved from the first order derivative test for optimality of the Lagrangian function with respect to the primary variables of the problem, decomposes the solution process into two independent ones, in which the primary variables are solved for independently, and then the secondary variables, which are the Lagrange multipliers, are solved for, afterward. This is an innovation that leads to solving independently two simpler systems of equations involving the primary variables only, on one hand, and the secondary ones on the other. Solutions obtained for small sized problems (as preliminary test of the method) demonstrate that the new method is generally effective in producing the required solutions.

关键词： Quadratic Programming Lagrangian Function Lagrange Multipliers Optimality Conditions Subsidiary Equations Modified Lagrange Method

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SARS-CoV-2 triggers Dickkopf-1(Dkk-1)modulation of T helper cells and lung pathology in mice

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 9-12页

作者： Yifan Wu Freedom M.Green stephen A.Shaw Lauren j.Bonilla Shannon E.Ronca Maria Elena Bottazzi Farrah Kheradmand jill E.Weatherhead Department of Pathology&Immunology One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Pediatrics One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Medicine One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA National School of Tropical Medicine One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Molecular Virology&Microbiology One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX77030USA Biologyof Inflammation Center Baylor College of MedicineOne BaylorPlazaHoustonTX77030USA Michael E.DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases HoustonTX 77030USA

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCov-2)is the etiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)*** viral infections like SARS-CoV-2,a robust anti-viral type 1 immune response,including upregulation of type 1 CD4+T helper cells(Th1),is required for effective viral clearance while minimizing end-organ pathology and collateral tissue damage.

关键词： pathology acute respiratory

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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer： providing new targets for therapy

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Asian journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 179-180页

作者： Andrew j Armstrong stephen，freedland Mariano Garcia-Blanco Duke Cancer Institute Departments of Medicine and Surgery Duke Prostate Center Duke University Durham NC 27710 USA Section of Urology Durham VA Medical Center Duke Prostate Center Division of Urologic Surgery Departments of Surgery and Pathology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Department ol Medicine Center for RNA Biology Duke Universit＇ Medical Center NC 27710 USA

The ability of epithelial cells to undergo phenotypic transitions during embryo-genesis, wound healing and malignant pro- gression is now widely accepted as a core biological process termed epithelialmesenchymal transition （EMT）. During cancer progression, the process of EMT has been associated with the acquisition of stemness properties, treatment resistance and metastatic progression, hallmarks of malig- nancy.

关键词： Cells Lymphocytes Associations Cancer (genus) Neoplasms Processing Models Crossing over Proteins Castration

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