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Models to predict injury, physical fitness failure and attrition in recruit training: a retrospective cohort study

Military Medical Research 2020年第4期7卷 391-400页

作者： Robin M.Orr Bruce S.cohen stephen c.Allison Lakmini Bulathsinhala Edward J.Zambraski Mark Jaffrey Tactical Research Unit Bond University2 Promethean WayGold CoastRobinaQLD 4226Australia United States Army Research Institute for Environmental Medicine NatickMA 01760USA Defence Science and Technology Group Port MelbourneVIC 3207Australia

Background:Attrition rate in new army recruits is higher than in incumbent *** the current study,we identified the risk factors for attrition due to injuries and physical fitness failure in recruit training.A variety of predictive models were ***:This retrospective cohort included 19,769 Army soldiers of the Australian Defence Force receiving recruit training during a period from 2006 to *** them,7692 reserve soldiers received a 28-day training course,and the remaining 12,077 full-time soldiers received an 80-day training *** data included anthropometric measures,course-specific variables,injury,and physical fitness *** regression was used to develop a variety of models to predict the rate of attrition due to injuries and physical fitness *** area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the performance of the ***:In the overall analysis that included both the 28-day and 80-day courses,the incidence of injury of any type was 27.8%.The 80-day course had a higher rate of injury if calculated per course(34.3%vs.17.6%in the 28-day course),but lower number of injuries per person-year(1.56 vs.2.29).Fitness test failure rate was significantly higher in the 28-day course(30.0%vs.12.1%).The overall attrition rate was 5.2%and 5.0%in the 28-day and 80-day courses,*** fracture was common in the 80-day course(n=44)and rare in the 28-day course(n=1).The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the course-specific predictive models were relatively low(ranging from 0.51 to 0.69),consistent with"failed"to"poor"predictive *** course-combined models performed somewhat better than the course-specific models,with two models having AUc of 0.70 and 0.78,which are considered"fair"predictive ***:Attrition rate was similar between 28-day and 80-day *** comparison to the 80-day full course,the 28-day course had a lower rat

关键词： Military training Predictive modelling Risk management Soldier

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Exercise regulates cardiac metabolism: Sex does matter

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第4期11卷 418-420页

作者： Tingting Yang Meiyu Hu Michail Spanos Guoping Li stephen c Kolwicz Jr Junjie Xiao Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesShanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School BostonMA 02114USA Heart and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory Department of Health and Exercise PhysiologyUrsinus CollegeCollegevillePA 19426USA

cardiac substrate utilization remains a critical focus for the research community.1 Research has acknowledged the role of metabolic flexibility in the development and progression of cardiac dysfunction during a variety of diseases and conditions.2,3 Under resting basal conditions,the heart relies on fatty acid metabolism as the primary energy source with glucose,lactate,ketone bodies,pyruvate,acetate,and branched-chain amino acids contributing as substrates depending on substrate availability,hormonal status,and myocardial conditioning.4 In addition to pathological states,physiological states,such as acute exercise,induce dynamic changes in substrate metabolism,including nearly a 10-fold increase in myocardial oxygen consumption.3,5 To meet the increased demand for energy during and after a bout of exercise,the heart muscle must exhibit metabolic flexibility and selectively utilize different substrates for adenosine triphosphate ***,metabolic substrate adaptations depend on the frequency,intensity,duration,and mode of exercise while multiple metabolic fluxes,such as the use,storage and mobilization of substrates must be coordinated to maintain energy homeostasis.1,2 Although many different processes of exercise-induced regulation and metabolic remodeling have been identified,35 the effect of exercise on cellular metabolism and the landscape of metabolic pathway regulation in response to both acute exercise and chronic exercise training remain unclear.

关键词： metabolism cardiac utilize

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Z charmoniumlike mesons

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chinese Physics c 2011年第7期35卷 695-702页

作者： Arafat Gabareen Mokhtar stephen Lars Olsen SLAc National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford Seoul National University KOREA

A brief review of the experimental situation concerning the electrically charged charmoniumlike meson candidates, Z-, is presented.

关键词： quarkonium exotics multiquark state

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Exogenous reference gene normalization for real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis under dynamic endogenous transcription

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第14期7卷 1064-1072页

作者： stephen Johnston Zachary Gallaher Krzysztof czaja Programs in Neuroscience and Department of Veterinary and comparative Anatomy Pharmacology and Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-6520 USA

Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （qPcR） is widely used to investigate transcriptional changes following experimental manipulations to the nervous system. Despite the widespread utilization of qPcR, the interpretation of results is marred by the lack of a suitable reference gene due to the dynamic nature of endogenous transcription. To address this inherent deficiency, we investigated the use of an exogenous spike-in mRNA, luciferase, as an internal reference gene for the 2ct normalization method. To induce dynamic transcription, we systemically administered capsaicin, a neurotoxJn selective for c-type sensory neurons expressing the TRPV-1 receptor, to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. We later isolated nodose ganglia for qPcR analysis with the reference being either exogenous luciferase mRNA or the commonly used endogenous reference 13-111 tubulin. The exogenous luciferase mRNA reference clearly demonstrated the dynamic expression of the endogenous reference. Furthermore, variability of the endogenous reference would lead to misinterpretation of other genes of interest. In conclusion, traditional reference genes are often unstable under physiologically normal situations, and certainly unstable following the damage to the nervous system. The use of exogenous spike-in reference provides a consistent and easily implemented alternative for the analysis of qPcR data.

关键词： exogenous reference gene sensory ganglia reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction normalization injury neural regeneration

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Activation of the pattern recognition receptor NOD1 augments colon cancer metastasis

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Protein & cell 2020年第3期11卷 187-201页

作者： Henry Y.Jiang Sara Najmeh Guy Martel Elyse MacFadden-Murphy Raquel Farias Paul Savage Arielle Leone Lucie Roussel Jonathan cools-Lartigue stephen Gowing Julie Berube Betty Giannias France Bourdeau carlos HFchan Jonathan D.Spicer Rebecca mcclure Morag Park Simon Rousseau Lorenzo E.Ferri Thoracic and Upper GI cancer Research Laboratories Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre1001 Decarie BoulevardBlock ELab#E02-4134MontrealQC H4A 3J1Canada Department of Experimental Surgery and Department of Surgery McGill University1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealQC H3G 1A4Canada Meakins-christie Laboratories Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre1001 Decarie BoulevardMontrealQC H4A 3J1Canada The Rosalind and Morris Goodman cancer Research centre McGill University1160 Pine AvenueMontrealQC H3A 1A3Canada Department of Surgery Roy J.and Lucille A.Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics200 Hawkins DriveIowa CityIA 52242USA Department of Pathology Health Sciences North41 Ramsey Lake RoadSudburyONCanada

While emerging data suggest nucleotide oligomerization domain receptor 1(NOD1),a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor,may play an important and complementary role in the immune response to bacterial infection,its role in cancer metastasis is entirely ***,we sought to determine the effects of NOD1 on ***1 expression in paired human primary colon cancer,human and murine colon cancer cells were determined using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting(WB).clinical significance of NOD1 was assessed using TcGA survival data.A series of in vitro and in vivo functional assays,including adhesion,migration,and metastasis,was conducted to assess the effect of NOD1.c12-iE-DAP,a highly selective NOD1 ligand derived from gram-negative bacteria,was used to activate ***130,a specific NOD1 inhibitor,was used to block c12-iE-DAP *** knockdown(KD)of NOD1 in human colon cancer cells(HT29)was constructed with shRNA lentiviral transduction and the functional assays were thus ***,the predominant signaling pathway of NOD1-activation was identified using WB and functional assays in the presence of specific kinase *** data demonstrate that NOD1 is highly expressed in human colorectal cancer(cRc)and human and murine cRc cell ***,we demonstrate that this increased NOD1 expression negatively impacts survival in patients with ***,we identify NOD1 activation by c12-iE-DAP augments cRc cell adhesion,migration and *** effects are predominantly mediated via the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)*** is the first study implicating NOD1 in cancer metastasis,and thus identifying this receptor as a putative therapeutic target.

关键词： NOD1 iE-DAP ML130 colon cancer metastasis cancer-extracellular matrix adhesion cancer migration p38 MAPK activation intravital microscopy survival analysis

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Epidemiology and outcomes of acute liver failure in Australia

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World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第7期11卷 586-595页

作者： Penelope Hey Timothy P Hanrahan Marie Sinclair Adam G Testro Peter W Angus Adam Peterson stephen Warrillow Rinaldo Bellomo Marcos V Perini Graham Starkey Robert M Jones Michael Fink Tess mcclure Paul Gow Liver Transplant Unit Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084Australia The University of Melbourne Melbourne 3052Australia Department of Intensive care Austin HeathMelbourne 3084Australia Department of Surgery Austin HealthMelbourne 3084Australia

BAcKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening syndrome with varying aetiologies requiring complex care and multidisciplinary management. Its changing incidence, aetiology and outcomes over the last 16 years in the Australian context remain uncertain. AIM To describe the changing incidence, aetiology and outcomes of ALF in South Eastern Australia. METHODS The database of the Victorian Liver Transplant Unit was interrogated to identify all cases of ALF in adults (> 16 years) in adults hospitalised between January 2002 and December 2017. Overall, 169 patients meeting criteria for ALF were identified. Demographics, aetiology of ALF, rates of transplantation and outcomes were collected for all patients. Transplant free survival and overall survival (OS) were assessed based on survival to discharge from hospital. Results were compared to data from a historical cohort from the same unit from 1988- 2001. RESULTS Paracetamol was the most common aetiology of acute liver failure, accounting for 50% of cases, with an increased incidence compared with the historical cohort (P = 0.046). Viral hepatitis and non-paracetamol drug or toxin induced liver injury accounted for 15% and 10% of cases respectively. Transplant free survival (TFS) improved significantly compared to the historical cohort (52% vs 38%, P = 0.032). TFS was highest in paracetamol toxicity with spontaneous recovery in 72% of cases compared to 31% of non-paracetamol ALF (P cy liver transplantation. Nine of these died while waiting for an organ to become available. Forty-two patients (25%) underwent emergency liver transplantation with a 1, 3 and 5 year survival of 81%, 78% and 72% respectively. cONcLUSION Paracetamol toxicity is the most common aetiology of ALF in South-Eastern Australia with a rising incidence over 30 years. TFS has improved, however it remains low in non-paracetamol ALF.

关键词： Liver failure Acute Paracetamol Australia Victoria Liver transplant

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The biosynthesis and wall-binding of hemicelluloses in cellulose-deficient maize cells:An example of metabolic plasticity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 373-387页

作者： María de castro Janice G.Miller José Luis Acebes Antonio Encina Penélope García-Angulo stephen c.Fry The Edinburgh cell Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesDaniel Rutherford BuildingThe King's Buildings Laboratory of Plant Physiology Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Léon

cell-suspension cultures（Zea mays L.,Black Mexican sweet corn） habituated to 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile（DcB） survive with reduced cellulose owing to hemicellulose network modification. We aimed to de fine the hemicellulose metabolism modifications in DcB-habituated maize cells showing a mild reduction in cellulose at different stages in the culture cycle. Using pulse-chase radiolabeling, we fed habituated and non-habituated cultures with [3H]arabinose,and traced the distribution of 3H-pentose residues between xylans, xyloglucans and other polymers in several cellular compartments for 5 h. Habituated cells were slower taking up exogenous [3H]arabinose. Tritium was incorporated into polysaccharide-bound arabinose and xylose residues, but habituated cells diverted a higher proportion of their new [3H]xylose residues into（hetero） xylans at the expense of xyloglucan synthesis. During logarithmic growth, habituated cells showed slower vesicular traf ficking of polymers,especially xylans. Moreover, habituated cells showed a decrease in the strong wall-binding of all pentose-containing polysaccharides studied; correspondingly, especially in log phase cultures, habituation increased the proportion of 3H-hemicelluloses（[3H]xylans and [3H]xyloglucan） sloughed into the medium. These findings could be related to the cel walls’ cellulose-deficiency, and consequent reduction in binding sites for hemicelluloses; the data could also re fl ect the habituated cells’ reduced capacity to integrate arabinox ylans by extra-protoplasmic phenolic cross-linking, as well as xyloglucans, during wall assembly.

关键词： Arabinoxylan cell wall cross-linking 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile Hemicellulose biosynthesis xyloglucan

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Donor-specific cell-free DNA as a biomarker in liver transplantation:A review

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World Journal of Transplantation 2020年第11期10卷 307-319页

作者： Tess mcclure Su Kah Goh Daniel cox Vijayaragavan Muralidharan Alexander Dobrovic Adam G Testro Liver Transplant Unit Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VICAustralia Department of Surgery Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VICAustralia Department of Surgery The University of MelbourneHeidelberg 3084VICAustralia

Due to advances in modern medicine,liver transplantation has revolutionised the prognosis of many previously incurable liver *** progress has largely been due to advances in immunosuppressant ***,despite the judicious use of immunosuppression,many liver transplant recipients still experience complications such as rejection,which necessitates diagnosis via invasive liver *** is a clear need for novel,minimally-invasive tests to optimise immunosuppression and improve patient *** emerging biomarker in this‘‘precision medicine’‘liver transplantation field is that of donorspecific cell free *** this review,we detail the background and methods of detecting this biomarker,examine its utility in liver transplantation and discuss future research directions that may be most impactful.

关键词： Biomarkers Precision medicine Donor-specific cell-free DNA Liver transplantation Rejection Review

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Efficient and interpretable graph network representation for angle-dependent properties applied to optical spectroscopy

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npj computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1434-1442页

作者： Tim Hsu Tuan Anh Pham Nathan Keilbart stephen Weitzner James chapman Penghao Xiao S.Roger Qiu Xiao chen Brandon c.Wood center for Applied Scientific computing Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCAUSA Materials Science Division Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCAUSA Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada

Graph neural networks are attractive for learning properties of atomic structures thanks to their intuitive graph encoding of atoms and ***,conventional encoding does not include angular information,which is critical for describing atomic arrangements in disordered *** this work,we extend the recently proposed ALIGNN(Atomistic Line Graph Neural Network)encoding,which incorporates bond angles,to also include dihedral angles(ALIGNN-d).This simple extension leads to a memory-efficient graph representation that captures the complete geometry of atomic ***-d is applied to predict the infrared optical response of dynamically disordered cu(II)aqua complexes,leveraging the intrinsic interpretability to elucidate the relative contributions of individual structural *** and dihedral angles are found to be critical contributors to the fine structure of the absorption response,with distortions that represent transitions between more common geometries exhibiting the strongest absorption *** directions for further development of ALIGNN-d are discussed.

关键词： representation disordered absorption

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Surface and tropospheric ozone trends in the Southern Hemisphere since 1990: possible linkages to poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation

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Science Bulletin 2019年第6期64卷 400-409页

作者： Xiao Lu Lin Zhang Yuanhong Zhao Daniel J.Jacob Yongyun Hu Lu Hu Meng Gao Xiong Liu Irina Petropavlovskikh Audra mcclure-Begley Richard Querel Laboratory for climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Department of Earth and Planetary Science Harvard University Department of chemistry and Biochemistry University of Montana Harvard-Smithsonian center for Astrophysics cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA)

Increases in free tropospheric ozone over the past two decades are mainly in the Northern Hemisphere that have been widely documented,while ozone trends in the Southern Hemisphere(SH)remain largely *** we first show that in-situ and satellite observations document increases of tropospheric ozone in the SH over 1990–*** then use a global chemical transport model to diagnose drivers of these *** find that increases of anthropogenic emissions(including methane)are not the most significant ***,we explain the trend as due to changes in meteorology,and particularly in transport *** propose a possible linkage of the ozone increases to meridional transport pattern shifts driven by poleward expansion of the SH Hadley circulation(SHHc).The SHHc poleward expansion allows more downward transport of ozone from the stratosphere to the troposphere at higher latitudes,and also enhances tropospheric ozone production through stronger lifting of tropical ozone precursors to the upper *** together may lead to increasing tropospheric ozone in the extratropical SH,particularly in the middle/upper troposphere and in austral *** expansion of the Hadley circulation is partly driven by greenhouse warming,and the associated increase in tropospheric ozone potentially provides a positive climate feedback amplifying the warming that merits further quantification.

关键词： Tropospheric ozone Ozone trend Southern Hemisphere Hadley circulation poleward expansion Widening of the tropics

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