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Oxygen Radical Generation as an Index of Neurotoxic Damage

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第Z1期 217-223页

作者： stephen c.bondy,cARL P.LEBEL Department of community and Environmental Medicine University of california Irvine cA Arthur D. Little Inc. chemical and Life Sciences Acorn Park cambridge 92717 Massachusetts 02140

Biochemical, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of the brain make it especially vulnerable to insult. Specifically, some of these characteristics such as myelin and a high energy requirement provide for the introduction of free radical-induced insult. Recently, the biochemistry of free radicals has received considerable attention. It also has become increasingly suggestive that many drug and chemical-induced toxicities may be evoked via free radicals and oxidative stress. Major points addressed in this work are the regulation of neuralfree radical generation by antioxidants and protective enzymes, xenobiotic-induced disruption of cerebral redox status, and specific examples of neurotoxic agent-induced alterations in free radicals as measured by the fluorescent probe dichlorofiuorescein. This article considers that free radical mechanisms may contribute significantly to the properties of several diverse neurotoxic agents and proposes that free radicals may be common phenomena of neurotoxicity.

关键词： Oxygen Radical Generation as an Index of Neurotoxic Damage

Status and prospects for symmetric organic redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md Al Raihan c.Adam Dyker Department of chemistry University of New Brunswick

As environmental concerns from fossil fuel consumption intensify, large-scale energy storage becomes imperative for the integration of renewable sources like wind, hydro, and solar with the electrical *** flow batteries, particularly those employing organic molecules, are positioned as a key technology for this purpose. This review explores the growing field of symmetric organic redox flow batteries(ORFBs) within this context. Unlike traditional asymmetric designs based on unique active materials for each electrode, symmetric ORFBs involve a single bipolar species for both electrodes. This review highlights the benefits of a symmetric design, and categorizes five distinct classes of organic bipolar molecules used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. By providing a comprehensive overview of their cell cycling and performance characteristics, the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse categories of bipolar molecules are highlighted for both solvent systems, as are opportunities for future development. This should guide new research directions and advance the development of practical symmetric ORFBs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric battery Organic battery Aqueous electrolyte Non-aqueous electrolyte

Acquired sensorineural hearing loss,oxidative stress,and microRNAs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2513-2519页

作者： Desmond A.Nunez Ru c.Guo Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Gordon&Leslie Diamond Health Care CentreVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Faculty of Medicine–The University of British columbia VancouverBCCanada

Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human ***-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health ***-induced,ototoxic,and idiopathic sudden sensorineural are other less common types of acquired hearing *** etiology of these conditions is complex and multi-fa ctorial involving an interplay of genetic and environmental *** stress has recently been proposed as a likely linking cause in most types of acquired sensorineural hearing *** non-coding RNA sequences known as microRNAs(miRNAs)have increasingly been shown to play a role in cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses including promoting an apoptotic *** hair cell death is a central histopathological finding in sensorineural hearing *** these cells do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing *** EMBASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Science core collection,and *** databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searched with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""microRNAs,""ischemia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study publications or registered clinical *** red clinical trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus *** excluding duplicates,editorials,retra ctions,secondary research studies,and non-English language articles,39 primary studies and clinical trials underwent full-text *** resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subject journal articles and 8 registered clinical trial database entries which form the basis of this narrative *** miR-34a and miR-29b levels increase with age in *** miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine cochlear cell lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha(SIRT1/P Gc-1α),SIRT

关键词： hearing loss hypoxia microRNAs oxidative stress sensorineural

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon c.Smith Jessica L.Williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(cNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

A platform for communicating construction material information between e-commerce systems

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2004年第5期11卷 541-547页

作者： stephen c W Kong Dept. of Building and Real Estate Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong KongChina

E-commerce systems for construction material procurement are becoming increasingly important in Hong Kong. These E-commerce systems are non-interoperable and create problems for the buyers who use these systems to purchase construction materials. This paper presents the mobile agent-based approach and Web services-based approach for enabling interoperation of these systems in the E-Union environment.

关键词： E-commerce mobile agent Web services distributed computing construction material

Spatial prediction of sparse events using a discrete global grid system;a case study of hate crimes in the USA

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第6期14卷 789-805页

作者： Michael Jendryke stephen c.Mcclure The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mappingand Remote SensingWuhan UniversityPeople’s Republic of China School of Resources and Environmental Science Wuhan UniversityPeople’s Republic of China

Spatial prediction of any geographic phenomenon can be an intractable *** sparse and uncertain spatial events related to many influencing factors necessitates the integration of multiple data *** present an innovative approach that combines data in a Discrete Global Grid System(DGGS)and uses machine learning for analysis.A DGGS provides a structured input for multiple types of spatial data,consistent over multiple *** data framework facilitates the training of an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to map and predict a *** lag regression models(SLRM)are used to evaluate and rank the outputs of the *** our case study,we predict hate crimes in the *** crimes get attention from mass media and the scientific community,but data on such events is *** trained the ANN with data ingested in the DGGS based on a 50%sample of hate crimes as identified by the Southern Poverty Law center(SPLc).Our spatial prediction is up to 78%accurate and verified at the state level against the independent FBI hate crime statistics with a fit of 80%.The derived risk maps are a guide to action for policy makers and law enforcement.

关键词： Discrete global grid system geospatial data integration artificial neural network spatial prediction sparse events hates crimes

A general method for assaying homo-and hetero-transglycanase activities that act on plant cell-wall polysaccharides

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 411-428页

作者： Lenka Franková stephen c.Fry The Edinburgh cell Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghDaniel Rutherford BuildingThe King's Buildings

Transglycanases（endotransglycosylases） cleave a polysaccharide（donor-substrate） in mid-chain, and then transfer a portion onto another poly-or oligosaccharide（acceptor-substrate）. Such enzymes contribute to plant cellwall assembly and/or re-structuring. We sought a general method for revealing novel homo- and hetero-transglycanases, applicable to diverse polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, separating transglycanase-generated3 Hpolysaccharides from unreacted3H-oligosaccharides—the former immobilized（on filter-paper, silica-gel or glassfiber）,the latter eluted. On filter-paper, certain polysaccharides [e.g.（1!3, 1!4）-b-D-glucans] remained satisfactorily adsorbed when water-washed; others（e.g. pectins） were partially lost. Many oligosaccharides（e.g. arabinan-, galactan-, xyloglucan-based） were successfully eluted in appropriate solvents, but others（e.g. [3H]xylohexaitol, [3H]mannohexaitol[3H]cellohexaitol） remained immobile. On silica-gel, all3 Holigosaccharides left an immobile ‘ghost’ spot（contaminating any3H-polysaccharides）, which was diminished but not prevented by additives e.g. sucrose or Triton X-100. The best stratum was glassfiber（GF）, onto which the reactionmixture was dried then washed in 75% ethanol. Washing led to minimal loss or lateral migration of3H-polysaccharides if conducted by slow percolation of acidified ethanol. The effectiveness of GF-blotting was well demonstrated for chara vulgaris transb-mannanase. In conclusion, our novel GF-blotting technique ef ficiently frees transglycanase-generated3H-polysaccharides from unreacted3H-oligosaccharides,enabling high-throughput screening of multiple postulated transglycanase activities utilising chemically diverse donorand acceptor-substrates.

关键词： Glass-fiber blotting plant cell wall polysaccharides(donor) radiolabeled oligosaccharides (acceptor) transglycanase

Double negative regulatory T cells in transplantation and autoimmunity:recent progress and future directions

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Journal of Molecular cell Biology 2012年第1期4卷 48-58页

作者： stephen c.Juvet Li Zhang Division of Respirology and clinician-Scientist Training Program Department of MedicineInstitute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Toronto General Research Institute University Health NetworkMedical Discovery TowerRoom 2-807101 College StreetTorontoONCanada Department of Immunology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto and Toronto General Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada

T lymphocytes bearing the ab T cell receptor(TcR)but lacking cD4,cD8,and markers of natural killer(NK)cell differentiation are known as‘double-negative’(DN)T cells and have been described in both humans and rodent *** and others have shown that DN T cells can act as regulatory T cells(Tregs)that are able to prevent allograft rejection,graft-versus-host disease,and autoimmune *** the last few years,new data have revealed evidence of DN Treg function in vivo in rodents and ***,significant advances have been made in the mechanisms by which DN Tregs target antigen-specific T *** major limitation of the field is the lack of a specific marker that can be used to distinguish truly regulatory DN T cells(DN Tregs)from non-regulatory ones,and this is the central challenge in the coming ***,we review recent progress on the role of DN Tregs in transplantation and autoimmunity,and their mechanisms of *** also provide some perspectives on how DN Tregs compare with Foxp31 Tregs.

关键词： double-negative T cells regulatory T cells transplantation autoimmunity graft-versus-host disease type 1 diabetes mellitus

Voice, silence, and self

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