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Stability of fruit quality traits in diverse watermelon cultivars tested in multiple environments

Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 1-11页

作者： mahendra Dia Todd C Wehner Penelope Perkins-Veazie Richard Hassell Daniel S Price George E Boyhan stephen m olson stephen R King Angela R Davis Gregory E Tolla Jerome Bernier Benito Juarez Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh27695-7609NCUSA Plants for Human Health Institute North Carolina Research Campus NCSUKannapolis28081NCUSA Clemson University Coastal Research and Education CenterCharleston29414SCUSA Georgia County Extension SW DistrictCordele31015GAUSA Department of Horticulture University of GeorgiaAthens30602GAUSA North Florida REC University of FloridaQuincy32351-5677FLUSA Department of Horticulture Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station77845TXUSA USDA-ARS Lane74555OKUSA monsanto/Seminis Veg.Seeds Woodland95695CAUSA Sakata Seed America Inc.1833 Dunlap Pl.Woodland95776CAUSA

Lycopene is a naturally occurring red carotenoid compound that is found in *** has antioxidant *** content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance are subject to significant genotype×environment interaction(G×E),which makes breeding for these fruit quality traits *** objectives of this study were to(i)evaluate the influence of years and locations on lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance for a set of watermelon genotypes,and(ii)identify genotypes with high stability for lycopene,sugar,and hollowheart resistance.A diverse set of 40 genotypes was tested over 3 years and 8 locations across the southern United States in replicated,multi-harvest *** was tested in a subset of 10 *** were analyzed using univariate and multivariate stability statistics(BLUP-GGE biplot)using SASGxE and RGxE *** were strong effects of environment as well as G×E interaction on watermelon quality *** the basis of stability measures,genotypes were classified as stable or unstable for each quality trait.'Crimson Sweet'is an inbred line with high quality trait performance as well as trait stability.'Stone mountain','Tom Watson','Crimson Sweet'and'minilee'were among the best genotypes for lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart *** developed a stability chart based on marketable yield and average ranking generated from different stability measures for yield attributes and quality *** chart will assist in choosing parents for improvement of watermelon *** http://***/cucurbit/wmelon/***.

关键词： stability. sugar stability

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Incorporating within- and between-patch resource selection in identification of critical habitat for brood-rearing greater sage-grouse

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Ecological Processes 2015年第1期4卷 57-71页

作者： matthew R Dzialak Chad V olson stephen L Webb Seth m Harju Jeffrey B Winstead Hayden-Wing Associates LLCNatural Resource ConsultantsLaramieWY 2308 South 8th StreetUSA The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation 2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK 73401USA

Introduction:Incorporating information on animal behavior in resource-based predictive modeling(e.g.,occurrence mapping)can elucidate the relationship between process and spatial pattern and depict habitat in terms of its structure as well as its *** this paper,we assigned location data on brood-rearing greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)to either within-patch(encamped)or between-patch(traveling)behavioral modes by estimating a movement-based relative displacement *** were to estimate and validate spatially explicit models of within-versus between-patch resource selection for application in habitat management and compare these models to a non-behaviorally adjusted ***:A single model,the vegetation and water resources model,was most plausible for both the encamped and traveling modes,including the non-behaviorally adjusted *** encamped,sage-grouse selected for taller shrubs,avoided bare ground,and were closer to mesic *** sage-grouse selected for greater litter cover and herbaceous *** for proximity to mesic areas was common to both encamped and traveling modes and to the non-behaviorally adjusted *** non-behaviorally adjusted map was similar to the encamped model and validated ***,we observed different selection patterns during traveling that could have been masked had behavioral state not been accounted ***:Characterizing habitat that structured between-patch movement broadens our understanding of the habitat needs of brood-rearing sage-grouse,and the combined raster surface offers a reliable habitat management tool that is readily amenable to application by GIS users in efforts to focus sustainable landscape management.

关键词： Behavioral mode Brood-rearing Centrocercus urophasianus Conditional logistic regression Conservation planning Information-theoretic approach Relative displacement index Species occurrence model

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Landscape features and weather influence nest survival of a ground-nesting bird of conservation concern,the greater sage-grouse,in humanaltered environments

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 83-97页

作者： stephen L Webb Chad V olson matthew R Dzialak Seth m Harju Jeffrey B Winstead Dusty Lockman Hayden-Wing Associates LLC2308 South 8th StreetLaramieWY82070USA KC Harvey Environmental LLC376 Gallatin Park DriveBozemanMT59715USA

Introduction:Ground-nesting birds experience high levels of nest ***,birds can make selection decisions related to nest site location and characteristics that may result in physical,visual,and olfactory impediments to ***:We studied daily survival rate[DSR]of greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)from 2008 to 2010 in an area in Wyoming experiencing large-scale alterations to the *** used generalized linear mixed models to model fixed and random effects,and a correlation within nesting attempts,individual birds,and ***:Predation of the nest was the most common source of nest failure(84.7%)followed by direct predation of the female(13.6%).Generally,landscape variables at the nest site(≤30 m)were more influential on DSR of nests than features at larger spatial *** of shrub canopy cover at the nest site(15-m scale)and distances to natural gas wells and mesic areas had a positive relationship with DSR of nests,whereas distance to roads had a negative relationship with DSR of *** added to the vegetation model,maximum wind speed on the day of nest failure and a 1-day lag in precipitation(i.e.,precipitation the day before failure)improved model fit whereby both variables negatively influenced DSR of ***:Nest site characteristics that reduce visibility(i.e.,shrub canopy cover)have the potential to reduce depredation,whereas anthropogenic(i.e.,distance to wells)and mesic landscape features appear to facilitate ***,predators may be more efficient at locating nests under certain weather conditions(i.e.,high winds and moisture).

关键词： behavior Centrocercus urophasianus conservation depredation generalized linear mixed models greater sage-grouse human development management nest survival weather

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Long-Term Effects of Cover Crops on Crop Yields, Soil Organic Carbon Stocks and Sequestration

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第8期4卷 284-292页

作者： Kenneth olson stephen A. Ebelhar James m. Lang Department of Crop Sciences Dixon Springs Agricultural Center Simpson Illinois USA Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences S-224 Turner Hall University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

A 12-year cover crops study on the effects on SOC sequestration, storage, retention and loss and corn and soybean yields was conducted in southern Illinois. The use of cover crops for the maintenance and restoration of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil productivity of previously eroded soils were evaluated. No-till (NT), chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow (mP) treatment plots with and without cover crops were established in 2001. The plot area was on sloping with a moderately well drained, eroded soil. The average annual corn and soybean yields were statistically the same for NT, CP, and mP systems with and without cover crops. By 2012, the cover crop treatments had more SOC stock than that without cover crops for the same soil layer and tillage treatment. The NT, CP, and mP treatments all sequestered SOC with cover crops. A pre-treatment SOC stock baseline for rooting zone was used to validate the finding that cover crops sequestered SOC in the topsoil, subsoil and root zone of the NT, CP and mP treatments during the 12-year study. Additional sequestered SOC was lost as a result of being transported off of the plots and retained in lower slopes, transported to the stream or released to atmosphere.

关键词： Soil Organic Carbon Soil Erosion Soil Loss Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration

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Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Critical Covid-19 in Adolescents

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四川生理科学杂志 2021年第11期43卷 1723-1723页

作者： Samantha m olson From the Covid-19 Response Team Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (S.M.O. A.M.P. L.D.Z. A.P.C. M.M.P.) and the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.) — both in Atlanta the Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine Boston Children’s Hospital (M.M.N. A.G.R.) and the Departments of Anaesthesia and Pediatrics Harvard Medical School (A.G.R.) — both in Boston the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville (N.B.H.) the Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Immunization Project Texas Children’s Hospital Houston (J.A.B. L.C.S.) and the Department of Pediatrics Division of Critical Care Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Children’s Medical Center Dallas Dallas (M.M.) the Division of Infectious Diseases Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology University of Southern California Los Angeles (P.S.P.) the Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine UC San Diego–Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego (M.A.C.) the Division of Critical Care Medicine UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland (N.Z.C.) and the Department of Pediatrics Divisions of Critical Care Medicine and Allergy Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant University of California San Francisco San Francisco (M.S.Z.) — all in California Section of Pediatric Critical Care Department of Pediatrics Arkansas Children’s Hospital Little Rock (K.I.) the Department of Pediatrics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children’s Hospital Chapel Hill (T.C.W. S.P.S.) the Department of Pediatrics Section of Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado Aurora (A.B.M.) the Division of Pediatric Critical Care medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston (E.H.M.) the Department of

Background:The increasing incidence of pediatric hospitalizations associated with coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)caused by the B.1.617.2(delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in the United States has offered an opportunity to assess the real-world effectiveness of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine in adolescents between 12 and 18 years of ***:We used a case-control,test-negative design to assess vaccine effectiveness against Covid-19 resulting in hospitalization,admission to an intensive care unit(ICU),the use of life-supporting interventions(mechanical ventilation,vasopressors,and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation),or *** July 1 and October 25,2021,we screened admission logs for eligible case patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 at 31 hospitals in 23 *** estimated vaccine effectiveness by comparing the odds of antecedent full vaccination(two doses of BNT162b2)in case patients as compared with two hospitalbased control groups:patients who had Covid-19-like symptoms but negative results on testing for SARS-CoV-2(test-negative)and patients who did not have Covid-19-like symptoms(syndrome-negative).

关键词： vaccine doses acute

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Arabidopsis FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 Are Functionally Redundant, But FtsZ-Based Plastid Division Is Not Essential for Chloroplast Partitioning or Plant Growth and Development

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molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1211-1222页

作者： Aaron J. Schmitz Jonathan m. Glynn Bradley J.S.C. olson Kevin D. Stokes Katherine W. Osteryoung Department of Plant Biology 166 Plant Biology Bldg Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824-1312 USA Cell and molecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Genetics Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Biochemistry and molecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Present address: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory La Jolla CA 92037 USA Present address: mycobacteria and Brucella Section NVSL/APHIS/USDA 1920 Dayton Ave Ames IA 50010 USA

FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are phylogenetically distinct families of FtsZ in plants that co-localize to mid-plastid rings and facilitate division of chloroplasts. In plants, altered levels of either FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 cause dose-dependent defects in chloroplast division; thus, studies on the functional relationship between FtsZgenes require careful manipulation of FtsZ levels in vivo. To define the functional relationship between the two FtsZ2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2, we expressed FtsZ2-1 in an ftsZ2-2 null mutant, and vice versa, and determined whether the chloroplast division defects were rescued in plants expressing different total levels of FtsZ2. Full rescue was observed when either the FtsZ2-1 or FtsZ2-2 level approximated total FtsZ2 levels in wild-type （WT）. Additionally, FtsZ2-2 interacts with ARC6, as shown previously for FtsZ2- 1. These data indicate that FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 are functionally redundant for chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. To rigorously validate the requirement of each FtsZ family for chloroplast division, we replaced FtsZ1 with FtsZ2 in vivo, and vice versa, while maintaining the FtsZ level in the transgenic plants equal to that of the total level in WT. Chloroplast division defects were not rescued, demonstrating conclusively that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are non-redundant for maintenance of WT chloroplast numbers. Finally, we generated ftsZtriple null mutants and show that plants completely devoid of FtsZ protein are viable and fertile. As plastids are presumably essential organelles, these findings suggest that an FtsZ-independent mode of plastid partitioning may occur in higher plants.

关键词： Chloroplast plastid division FtsZ ARC6 PDV1.

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Dual destructive and protective roles of adaptive immunity in neurodegenerative disorders

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2014年第1期3卷 180-203,179页

作者： Kristi m Anderson Katherine E olson Katherine A Estes Ken Flanagan Howard E Gendelman R Lee mosley Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience Center for Neurodegenerative DisordersThe University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198USA Prothena Biosciences Inc.650 Gateway BoulevardSouth San FranciscoCA 94080USA

Inappropriate T cell responses in the central nervous system(CNS)affect the pathogenesis of a broad range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders that include,but are not limited to,multiple sclerosis,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s *** the one hand immune responses can exacerbate neurotoxic responses;while on the other hand,they can lead to neuroprotective *** temporal and spatial mechanisms by which these immune responses occur and are regulated in the setting of active disease have gained significant recent ***,immune responses that affect neurodegeneration may occur within or outside the *** of antigen-specific CD4+T cells from the periphery to the CNS and consequent immune cell interactions with resident glial cells affect neuroinflammation and neuronal *** destructive or protective mechanisms of these interactions are linked to the relative numerical and functional dominance of effector or regulatory T ***,immune responses at disease onset or during progression may exhibit a differential balance of immune responses in the periphery and within the *** responses with predominate T cell subtypes may differentially manifest migratory,regulatory and effector functions when triggered by endogenous misfolded and aggregated proteins and cell-specific *** final result is altered glial and neuronal behaviors that influence the disease ***,discovery of neurodestructive and neuroprotective immune mechanisms will permit potential new therapeutic pathways that affect neuronal survival and slow disease progression.

关键词： Neurodegeneration Neuroprotection migration mPTP mCAm Regulatory T cell Effector T cell,Neuroinflammation

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The Disappearing Colorado River: Historic and modern Attempts to manage the Lifeline of the United States Southwest

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2021年第11期11卷 538-566页

作者： Kenneth R. olson James m. Lang Department of Natural Resources Urbana Illinois USA Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

Historic Native American and modern civilizations have been forcing the unstable use of the Colorado River and adjacent land resources for centuries. much can be learned from past Native American cultures that created irrigation systems to offset low rainfall. These lessons learned can be applied to our modern civilization. We can learn a lot from their previous behavior and experiences and could apply the lessons learned to our current disappearing Colorado River situation. Little of the Colorado River water flow reaches the international border with mexico near Yuma, Arizona. Intensive consumption, mostly in the United States, has dried up the lower 160 km of the river. Since the 1960s, the Colorado River has rarely flowed into the Gulf of California and when it does it becomes is a major international news event. The Colorado River Delta is drought prone and its headwater tributaries are a vital source of water for 40 million people. The Colorado River has whitewater rapids, canyons, and many United States National Parks. The tributary and river flow is managed by an extensive system of dams, aqueducts, and reservoirs. most years the entire Colorado River flow is used for United States agricultural irrigation and domestic water supply purposes. The agricultural and urban needs in the United States are continuing to grow and it appears the days of Colorado River flowing into mexico and the Gulf of California are numbered and declining every decade. The Colorado River is disappearing and restoration efforts appear to be too little too late. If the Colorado River valley is ever going to recover management lessons and failures learned from the Native Americans, including the Hohokam, must be applied. A balanced approach to water management is needed and must include aggressive conservation and efficiency measures.

关键词： Grand Canyon Hohokam mexico-American War Gulf of California Salton Trough Hoover Dam Glen Canyon Dam

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Sediment Delivery by the Yukon River to the Yukon Flats, Yukon Delta and the Bering Sea

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2020年第9期10卷 410-442页

作者： Kenneth R. olson James m. Lang Department of Natural Resources College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA Department of Crop Sciences College of Agriculture Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

The physical, chemical and biological attributes of the Yukon River and tributary basins impact soil erosion, sediment transport and sediment delivery. The glacier, snow and permafrost melting, runoff, erosion, transport, deposition and storage of gravelly, sandy, silty and clayey sediments determine the habitat distribution and water quality within the river channels and floodplains. The ecological functioning, with food and nutrient delivery, migratory cues, breeding, habitats, and riparian and floodplain ecological cycles are all dependent on the transported sediment at specific times of the year. Annual temperatures have been rising since the 1840s which could contribute to higher runoff water flows and greater sedimentation. The primary objective was to document the sedimentation in the Yukon watershed with little soil erosion as a result of agriculture or urban development. The causes of the soil erosion and sedimentation were permafrost, alpine glacial melting, drilling for gas and oil, road construction, gold mining, cold war military sites, pipeline construction, forest fires and steep slopes.

关键词： Denali Alaska British Columbia Yukon Territory Alyeska Pipeline Alaska Highway Gas and Oil Exploration Trans-Alaska Pipeline

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Rio Grande an International Boundary River Is Drying up and in Need of Restoration

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2021年第12期11卷 587-610页

作者： Kenneth R. olson James m. Lang Soil Science in Department of Natural Resources University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

The headwater source of the Rio Grande is in the Colorado San Juan mountains as it flows southeast and south. The river crosses deserts and steppes, watering rich irrigated agricultural regions as it drains into the Gulf of mexico near Brownsville, Texas. The river flow pattern is disrupted by hundreds of dams and irrigation diversions, which has left sections of the Rio Grande River dry. The lower Rio Grande Valley including the Rio Grande Delta is heavily irrigated and has become an important agricultural region. Since the mid-1990s, the flow has been reduced to 20% because of many large diversions, dams and consumption of water by cities and irrigated farmland. Even with a series of 2001 and 2002, mexico-United States agreements administered by the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) the Rio Grande River had continued to failed to reach the Gulf of mexico. mexico and United States share the river. Historically, the Rio Grande has provided limited navigation and border security. There is a need to restore navigation and shipping by creating a lock and dam system from El Paso, Texas and matamoros, mexico to the Gulf of mexico, In addition there is also a need to restore border security for the Lower Rio Grande, an international border river. If the Rio Grande is ever going to recover, it will require a lock and dam system and an increased river flow. The increased flow needs to be achieved by adding additional water from feeder lakes, a water pipeline, and a balanced approach to water management must include efficiency measures and aggressive conservation in urban areas and on irrigated agricultural lands.

关键词： Big Bend National Park mexico Border Brownsville and matamoros International Bridge Port Brownsville Rift Cross Section Thornforest Restoration

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