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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer： providing new targets for therapy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 179-180页

作者： Andrew J Armstrong stephen，freedland Mariano Garcia-Blanco Duke Cancer Institute Departments of Medicine and Surgery Duke Prostate Center Duke University Durham NC 27710 USA Section of Urology Durham VA Medical Center Duke Prostate Center Division of Urologic Surgery Departments of Surgery and Pathology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Department ol Medicine Center for RNA Biology Duke Universit＇ Medical Center NC 27710 USA

The ability of epithelial cells to undergo phenotypic transitions during embryo-genesis, wound healing and malignant pro- gression is now widely accepted as a core biological process termed epithelialmesenchymal transition （EMT）. During cancer progression, the process of EMT has been associated with the acquisition of stemness properties, treatment resistance and metastatic progression, hallmarks of malig- nancy.

关键词： Cells Lymphocytes Associations Cancer (genus) Neoplasms Processing Models Crossing over Proteins Castration

The association between sexual function and prostate cancer risk in US veterans

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 191-195页

作者： Daniel F Zapata Lauren E Howard Jennifer Frank Ross M Simon Cathrine Hoyo Delores J Grant stephen J freedland Adriana C Vidal Duke University Medical Center Division of Urology Department of Surgery Durham NC 27710 USA Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center Urology Division Durham NC 27710 USA North Carolina State University Department of Biology Raleigh NC 27695 USA North Carolina Central University Department of Biology Durham NC 27707 USA Department of Surgery Division of Urology Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California 90048 USA

Sexual dysfunction and prostate cancer are common among older men. Few studies explored the association between these two illnesses. We examined whether sexual function is associated with prostate cancer risk among older men. Among 448 men undergoing prostate biopsy at the Durham Veterans Affairs Hospital, sexual function was ascertained from the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite sexual assessment. We tested the link between sexual function and prostate cancer risk adjusting for multiple demographic and clinical characteristics using logistic regression. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the associations with risk of low-grade （Gleason 〈6） and high-grade （Gleason 〉7 or 〉4 ＋ 3） disease versus no cancer. Of 448 men, 209 （47%） had a positive biopsy; these men were less likely to be white （43% vs 55%, P=0.013）, had higher prostate-specific antigen （PSA）（6.0 vs 5.4 ng ml-1, P 〈 0.001）, but with lower mean sexual function score （47 vs 54, P = 0.007）. There was no difference in age, BMI, pack years smoked, history of heart disease and/or diabetes. After adjusting for baseline differences, sexual function was linked with a decreased risk of overall prostate cancer risk （OR. 0.91 per lO-point change in sexual function, P= 0.004） and high-grade disease whether defined as Gleason ≥7 （OR： 0.86, P= 0.001） or 〉4 ＋ 3 （OR： 0.85, P= 0.009）. Sexual function was unrelated to low-grade prostate cancer （OR： 0.94, P = 0.13）. Thus, among men undergoing prostate biopsy, higher sexual function was associated with a decreased risk of overall and high-grade prostate cancer. Confirmatory studies are needed.

关键词： erectile dysfunction prostate prostate cancer risk sexual function

Re： Commentary on ＂The association between sexual function and prostate cancer risk in US veterans＂

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第1期20卷 100-100页

作者： Adriana C Vidal stephen J freedland Department of Surgery Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Samuel Oschin CancerInstitute Los Angeles CA 90048 USA

Dear Editor, Kai Wang and Linda B Cottler recently commented on our article entitled, ＂The association between sexual function and prostate cancer risk in US veterans＂ published in Asian Journal *** made the good point that sexual function could be a clinical symptom of low serum testosterone, and that men with low testosterone may be using testosterone replacement therapy （TRT） which could be confounding the associations between sexual function and prostate cancer risk.

关键词： cancer risk replacement therapy

Practice patterns and outcomes of equivocal bone scans for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results from SEARCH

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Asian Journal of Urology 2019年第3期6卷 242-248页

作者： Brian T.Hanyok Mary M.Everist Lauren E.Howard Amanda M.De Hoedt William J.Aronson Matthew R.Cooperberg Christopher J.Kane Christopher L.Amling Martha K.Terris stephen J.freedland Urology Section Department of SurgeryVeterans Affairs Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA New York Medical College ValhallaNYUSA Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Urology Section Department of SurgeryVeterans Affairs Medical CenterGreater Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Urology University of California at Los Angeles Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Departments ofUrology and Epidemiology&Biostatistics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA Urology Section Department of SurgeryVeterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA Division of Urology Department of SurgeryUniversity of California at San Diego Medical CenterSan DiegoCAUSA Division of Urology Department of SurgeryOregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandORUSA Urology Section Division of SurgeryVeterans Affairs Medical CenterAugustaGAUSA Division of Urologic Surgery Department of SurgeryMedical College of GeorgiaAugustaGAUSA Division of Urology Department of SurgerySamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Center for Integrated Research in Cancer and Lifestyle Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA

Objective:To review follow-up imaging after equivocal bone scans in men with castration resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)and examine the characteristics of equivocal bone scans that are associated with positive follow-up ***:We identified 639 men from five Veterans Affairs Hospitals with a technetium-99m bone scan after CRPC diagnosis,of whom 99(15%)had equivocal *** with equivocal scans were segregated into“high-risk”and“low-risk”subcategories based upon wording in the bone scan *** follow-up imaging(bone scans,computed tomography[CT],magnetic resonance imaging[MRI],and X-rays)in the 3 months after the equivocal scan were *** were compared between patients with a positive *** follow-up imaging after an equivocal bone ***:Of 99 men with an equivocal bone scan,43(43%)received at least one follow-up imaging test,including 32/82(39%)with low-risk scans and 11/17(65%)with high-risk scans(p=0.052).Of follow-up tests,67%were negative,14%were equivocal,and 19%were *** those who underwent follow-up imaging,3/32(9%)low-risk men had metastases vs.5/11(45%)high-risk men(p=0.015).Conclusion:While 19%of all men who received follow-up imaging had positive follow-up imaging,only 9%of those with a low-risk equivocal bone scan had metastases versus 45%of those with *** preliminary findings,if confirmed in larger studies,suggest follow-up imaging tests for low-risk equivocal scans can be delayed while high-risk equivocal scans should receive follow-up imaging.

关键词： Castration-resistant prostate cancer Equivocal test result Bone scan Radiology report Follow-up imaging Neoplasm metastasis

Neuropeptide cholecystokinin:a key neuromodulator for hippocampal functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1991-1992页

作者： Fengwen Huang stephen Temitayo Bello Department of Neuroscience City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for Regenerative Medicine and Health Hong Kong Institute of Science&InnovationChinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Spatial memory is crucial for survival within external surroundings and wild *** hippocampus,a critical hub for spatial learning and memory formation,has received extensive investigations on how neuromodulators shape its functions(Teixeira et al.,2018;Zhang et al.,2024).However,the landscape of neuromodulations in the hippocampal system remains poorly understood because most studies focus on classical monoamine neuromodulators,such as acetylcholine,serotonin,dopamine,and *** neuropeptides,comprising the most abundant neuromodulators in the central nervous system,play a pivotal role in neural information processing in the hippocampal ***(CCK),one of the most abundant neuropeptides,has been implicated in regulating various physiological and neurobiological statuses(Chen et al.,2019).CCK-A receptor(CCK-AR)and CCK-B receptors(CCK-BR)are two key receptors mediating the biological functions of CCK,both of which belong to class-A sevenfold transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors(Nishimura et al.,2015).CCK-AR preferentially reacts to sulfated CCK,whereas CCK-BR binds both CCK and gastrin with similar affinities(Ding et al.,2022).The expression patterns of CCK-AR and CCK-BR are distinct,implying that CCK has various functions in target *** instance,CCK-AR is widely expressed in the GI and brain subregions and is hence implicated in the control of digestive function and satiety ***,CCK-BR is abundantly and widely distributed in the central nervous system,which majorly regulates anxiety,learning,and memory(Ding et al.,2022).However,the roles of endogenous CCK and CCK receptors in regulating hippocampal function at electrophysiological and behavioral levels have received less attention.

关键词： abundant functions modulator

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived therapies for regeneration after central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3063-3075页

作者： stephen Vidman Yee Hang Ethan Ma Nolan Fullenkamp Giles W.Plant Department of Neuroscience Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

In recent years,the progression of stem cell therapies has shown great promise in advancing the nascent field of regenerative *** the non-regenerative nature of the mature central nervous system,the concept that“blank”cells could be reprogrammed and functionally integrated into host neural networks remained *** work has also demonstrated the ability of such cells to stimulate intrinsic growth programs in post-mitotic cells,such as *** embryonic stem cells demonstrated great potential in treating central nervous system pathologies,ethical and technical concerns *** barriers,along with the clear necessity for this type of treatment,ultimately prompted the advent of induced pluripotent stem *** advantage of pluripotent cells in central nervous system regeneration is multifaceted,permitting differentiation into neural stem cells,neural progenitor cells,glia,and various neuronal *** precise spatiotemporal application of extrinsic growth factors in vitro,in addition to microenvironmental signaling in vivo,influences the efficiency of this directed *** the pluri-or multipotency of these cells is appealing,it also poses the risk of unregulated differentiation and teratoma *** of the neuroectodermal lineage,such as neuronal subpopulations and glia,have been explored with varying degrees of *** the risk of cancer or teratoma formation is greatly reduced,each subpopulation varies in effectiveness and is influenced by a myriad of factors,such as the timing of the transplant,pathology type,and the ratio of accompanying progenitor ***,successful transplantation requires innovative approaches to develop delivery vectors that can mitigate cell death and support ***,host immune responses to allogeneic grafts must be thoroughly characterized and further developed to reduce the need for *** to a clinical setting wi

关键词： axon regeneration central nervous system regeneration induced pluripotent stem cells neurotrauma regenerative medicine spinal cord injury stem cell therapy

Autosub6000:A Deep Diving Long Range AUV

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第1期6卷 55-62页

作者： stephen McPhail Underwater Systems Laboratory National Marine Facilities DivisionNational Oceanography CentreSouthampton SO14 3ZHUK

With an ultimate range up to 1000 km,a maximum operating depth of 6000 m,and a generous payload capacity,Autosub6000 is well placed to become one of the world's most capable deep diving Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs). Recently,Autosub6000 successfully completed its first deep water engineering trials,and in September 2008,fitted with a multibeam sonar,will carry out its first science *** paper will describe how we are tackling the design issues that specifically affect a deep diving AUV which must be capable of operating with true autonomy,independently of the mother ship, namely:carrying adequate energy for long endurance and range,coping with varying buoyancy,and maintaining accurate navigation throughout missions lasting up to several *** from the recent engineering trails are presented,and future missions and development plans are discussed.

关键词： AUV robotics navigation lithium polymer battery deep ocean research

Palaeogeographic variation in the Permian-Triassic boundary microbialites:A discussion of microbial and ocean process esafter the end-Permian mass extinction

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2017年第2期6卷 97-107页

作者： stephen Kershaw Department of Life Sciences Brunel University Kingston Lane Uxbridge UB8 3PH UK

Shallow marine carbonate sediments that formed after the end-Permian mass extinction are rich in a thin(maximum ca.15 m) deposit of *** communities that constructed the microbialites have geographic variability of composition,broadly divisible into two groups:1) eastern Tethys sites are calcimicrobe-dominated(appearing as thrombolites in the field),with rare occurrence of sedimentconstructed microbialites and uncommon cements either within microbial structure or as inorganic precipitates,2) other Tethys sites are sediment-dominated structures forming stromatolites and thrombolites,composed of micrites and cements,with some inorganic *** other Tethys locations include western and central Tethys sites but their palaeogeographic positions depend on the accuracy of continental reconstructions,of which there are several *** contrast to geographic variation of microbialites,the conodont Hindeodus parvus,which appeared after the extinction and defines the base of the Triassic,is widespread,indicating easy lateral migration throughout *** animals were active nekton,although being small animals were presumably at least partly carried by water currents,implying active Tethyan surface water circulation after the extinction ***-extinction ammonoid taxa,presumed active swimmers,show poor evidence of a wide distribution in the Griesbachian beds immediately after the extinction,but are more cosmopolitan higher up,in the Dienerian strata in *** shelly fossils also have poorly defined distributions after the extinction,but ostracods show some wider distribution suggesting migration was possible after the *** there is a contrast between the geographic differences of microbialites and some shelly *** the cause of geographic variation of post-extinction microbialites is problematic and may include one or more of the following possibilities:1) because calcifying microbial organisms th

关键词： Stromatolite Thrombolite Microbialite Permian-Triassic boundary Conodonts Tethys Mass extinction

Combining Aluminum Heat Treat with Hot Isostatic Pressing: A Comparison of Structure, Properties, and Processing Routes for a Cast AI-Si-Mg Alloy

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 546-551页

作者： stephen J. Mashl Body cote HIP Inc. Andover Massachusetts USA

Bodycote researchers have successfully demonstrated that a T6 heat treatment can be integrated with Densal?, a proprietary, aluminum specific, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process. In this combined operation, at least a portion of the solution heat treatment is conducted at elevated pressure. During development, two issues, adiabatic cooling during depressurization and a possible variation in the kinetics of homogenization resulting from conducting the solution heat treat at elevated pressure were perceived as factors which could alter the heat treat response from that seen in conventional processing. This paper reviews the results of experiments performed to Al-Si-Mg (A356.0) castings subjected to both combined and conventional processing routes. Results indicate that the combined HIP and heat treat process is an efficient means of achieving a microstructure characteristic of a conventionally T6 processed material while eliminating porosity within the casting. Further, the fatigue life of an A356.0 casting processed using the combined cycle can be improved by more than an order of magnitude over the as-cast and T6 treated component.

关键词： Al-Si-Mg合金热处理热等静压缩 HIP 机械性质疲劳寿命