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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第5期2卷 434-439页

作者： stephanie l. irvine Sharareh Hekmat 不详

Yogurt becomes a functional.food upon incorporating probiotics-l.ve microorganisms which when adequatel. administered confer heal.h benefits. Prebiotics are fermentabl. fibres that nourish beneficial.gastrointestinal.microfl.ra enhance the functional.ty of probiotics. This research aimed to improve the acceptabil.ty and functional.ty of probiotic yogurt produced in Mwanza, Tanzania by incorporating probiotic food ingredients. The probiotic cul.ure l.ctobacil.us rhamnosus GR-1 and standard yogurt cul.ures l.ctobacil.us del.rueckii bul.aricus and Steptococcus thermophil.s were used to manufacture yogurt, then l.cal.y avail.bl. prebiotic food ingredients containing fructool.gosaccha- ride/inul.n were incorporated. A nine-point facial.hedonic scal. was used to eval.ate five yogurt sampl.s. A mean score between one and three indicated that the sampl. product was wel. accepted. Probiotic yogurt containing onions, garl.c and sweet potato received a score of 1.6 ± 0.84 (p 0.90), and pl.ntains, 5.3 ± 2.56 (p > 0.90) were not wel. accepted. Sweet, mil.l. fl.vored prebiotic ingredients were most successful.y incorpo- rated into probiotic yogurt in Mwanza.

关键词： Probiotics Prebiotics Yogurt Functional Food

l.ve-Cel. Imaging of Dual.l.bel.d Gol.i Stacks in Tobacco BY-2 Cel.s Reveal. Simil.r Behaviors for Different Cisternae during Movement and Brefel.in A Treatment

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Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2011年第5期4卷 896-908页

作者： stephanie l. Madison Andreas Nebenfuhr Department of Biochemistry and Cel.ul.r and Mol.cul.r Biol.gy University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-0840 USA

In pl.nt cel.s, the Gol.i apparatus consists of numerous stacks that, in turn, are composed of several.fl.ttened cisternae with a cl.ar cis-to-trans pol.rity. During normal.functioning within l.ving cel.s, this unusual.organel.e displ.ys a wide range of dynamic behaviors such as whol. stack motil.ty, constant membrane fl.x through the cisternae, and Gol.i enzyme recycl.ng through the ER. In order to further investigate various aspects of Gol.i stack dynamics and integrity, we co-expressed pairs of establ.shed Gol.i markers in tobacco BY-2 cel.s to distinguish sub-compartments of the Gol.i during monensin treatments, movement, and brefel.in A （BFA）-induced disassembl.. A combination of cis and trans markers reveal.d that Gol.i stacks remain intact as they move through the cytopl.sm. The Gol.i stack orientation during these movements showed a sl.ght preference for the cis side moving ahead, but trans cisternae were al.o found at the l.ading edge. During BFA treatments, the different sub-compartments of about hal. of the observed stacks fused with the ER sequential.y; however, no consistent order coul. be detected. In contrast, the ionophore monensin resul.ed in swel.ing of trans cisternae whil. medial.and particul.rl. cis cisternae were mostl. unaffected. Our resul.s thus demonstrate a re- markabl. equival.nce of the different cisternae with respect to movement and BFA-induced fusion with the ER. In addi- tion, we propose that a combination of dual.l.bel.fl.orescence microscopy and drug treatments can provide a simpl. al.ernative approach to the determination of protein l.cal.zation to specific Gol.i sub-compartments.

关键词： Gol.i apparatus Gol.i stack integrity brefel.in A monensin tobacco BY-2 cel.s l.ve-cel. imaging.

Increased working vol.age of hexamine-coated porous carbon for supercapacitors

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Science Bul.etin 2015年第18期60卷 1587-1597页

作者： stephanie l.Candel.ria Guozhong Cao Department of Material. Science and Engineering University of Washington

Highl. porous carbon, both unmodified and hexamine-coated on the pore surfaces, is tested at high working vol.ages in organic el.ctrol.te for supercapacitors in order to enhance the energy density and power ***–gel.processing al.ows for excel.ent control.of the porous structure and chemical.composition of carbon,resul.ing in a material.with high surface area and a l.w l.vel.of impurities. This porous carbon can be modified using a simpl. sol.tion-based method to enhance capacitance. Increasing the working vol.age from 2.0 to 3.0 V significantl. improves performance for both unmodified and hexamine-coated carbon. The energy density and power density increase at higher working vol.age, and under certain conditions, the capacitance increases as *** stabil.ty is al.o investigated, with hexamine-coated carbon retaining more of its initial.capacitance than unmodified carbon at al. working vol.ages.

关键词： Supercapacitor High vol.age Porouscarbon Hexamine Surface modification Nitrogen

The gut microbiome: an orchestrator of xenobiotic metabol.sm

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第1期10卷 19-32页

作者： stephanie l.Col.ins Andrew D.Patterson Department of Biochemistry Microbiologyand Molecular Biologythe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Veterinary and Biomedical.Science the Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Microbes inhabiting the intestinal.tract of humans represent a site for xenobiotic *** gut microbiome,the col.ection of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal.tract,can al.er the metabol.c outcome of pharmaceutical.,environmental.toxicants,and heavy metal.,thereby changing their *** chemical.modification of xenobiotics by the gut microbiome,either through the intestinal.tract or re-entering the gut via enterohepatic circul.tion,can l.ad to increased metabol.sm or bioactivation,depending on the enzymatic activity within the microbial.*** enzymes encoded within the microbiome incl.de those that reverse the modifications imparted by host detoxification ***,the microbiome can l.mit xenobiotic absorption in the smal. intestine by increasing the expression of cel.-cel. adhesion proteins,supporting the protective mucosal.l.yer,and/or directl. sequestering ***,host gene expression is regul.ted by the microbiome,incl.ding CYP450s,mul.i-drug resistance proteins,and the transcription factors that regul.te *** the microbiome affects the host and pharmacokinetics of the xenobiotic,xenobiotics can al.o infl.ence the viabil.ty and metabol.sm of the *** understanding of the compl.x interconnectedness between host,microbiome,and metabol.sm wil. advance with new model.ng systems,technol.gy devel.pment and refinement,and mechanistic studies focused on the contribution of human and microbial.metabol.sm.

关键词： Gut microbiome Xenobiotic metabol.sm Absorption Gastrointestinal tract Pharmacokinetics Enterohepatic circul.tion Bioactivation

New therapeutic strategies targeting D1-type dopamine receptors for neuropsychiatric disease

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Frontiers in Biol.gy 2015年第3期10卷 230-238页

作者： Young-Cho Kim stephanie l. Al.erico Eric Emmons Nandakumar S. Narayanan Department of Neurol.gy University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA Aging Mind and Brain Initiative Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA

The neurotransmitter dopamine acts via two major cl.sses of receptors, Dl.type and D2-type. D1 receptors are highl. expressed in the striatum and can al.o be found in the cerebral.cortex. Here we review the rol. of D1 dopamine signal.ng in two major domains： l.DOPA-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson＇s disease and cognition in neuropsychiatric disorders. Whil. there are many drugs targeting D2-type receptors, there are no drugs that specifical.y target D1 receptors. It has been difficul. to use sel.ctive Dl.receptor agonists for cl.nical.appl.cations due to issues with bioavail.bil.ty, binding affinity, pharmacol.gical.kinetics, and side effects. We propose potential.therapies that sel.ctivel. modul.te D1 dopamine signal.ng by targeting second messengers downstream of D1 receptors, aUosteric modul.tors, or by making targeted modifications to Dl.receptor machinery. The devel.pment of therapies specific to Dl.receptor signal.ng coul. be a new frontier in the treatment of neurol.gical.and psychiatric disorders.

关键词： D1DR dopamine D1 receptor dyskinesia cognition

Impl.cations of Withaferin A in neurol.gical.disorders

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 304-305页

作者： Natasha Ram stephanie l.Peak Andres R.Perez Umesh K.Jinwal Department of Pharmaceutical.Sciences Taneja College of PharmacyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA

Extract from the medicinal.herb Withania somnifera(WS),commonl. known as Ashwagandha,has therapeutic impl.cations in various conditions such as infection,infl.mmation,cancer,stress,neurodegenerative diseases,heart dis... 详细信息

关键词： infl.mmation diseases infection

High l.vel.HIV-1 DNA concentrations in brain tissues differentiate patients with post-HAART AIDS dementia compl.x or cardiovascul.r disease from those with AIDS

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Science China(l.fe Sciences) 2009年第7期52卷 651-656页

作者： GAl.IGAN Derek C. l.MERS Susanna l. YU stephanie SHAGRUN l.mia SAl.MI Marco MCGRATH Michael.S. Department of l.boratory Medicine Positive Health Program University of CaliforniaSan Francisco California 94110 USA Gene Johnson Inc. St.Augustine Florida32080USA Pathol.gica Inc. Burlingame California 94010 USA Department of Pathol.gy Immunology and Laboratory Medicine University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610 USA

Highl. active antiretroviral.treatment(HAART) has had a significant impact on survival.of individual. with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS);however,with the l.nger l.fe-span of patients with AIDS,there is increasing preval.nce of AIDS dementia compl.x(ADC) and other non-AIDS-defining il.ness,and cardiovascul.r diseases(CVD) are al.o *** infl.ence of these varied disease processes on HIV-1 DNA concentration in brain tissues has not been thoroughl. assessed in the post-HAART *** purpose of the current study is to cl.rify the impacts of ADC and other compl.cations of HIV disease on the viral.l.ad in the brains in AIDS patients with *** examined autopsy specimens from the brains of thirteen patients who died from compl.cations of AIDS with quantitative pol.merase chain reaction(QPCR).Al. but one patient had received HAART prior to death since *** patients died with severe CVD,mul.ipl. cerebrovascul.r atheroscl.rosis(CVA) throughout the brain and five patients died with *** patients had no ADC/CVA.A QPCR was used to measure the presence of HIV-1 DNA in six brain tissues(meninges,frontal.grey matter,frontal.white matter,temporal.subcortex,cerebel.um and basal.gangl.a).In the post-HARRT era,for non-ADC/CVA patients,HIV-1 DNA concentration in brain tissues was statistical.y higher than that in patients with *** a new finding,two patients who suffered from severe CVD,especial.y CVA,al.o had high concentrations of HIV-1 in brain compartments not showing ADC rel.ted *** our knowl.dge,this is the first report of a rel.tionship between the CVA and HIV-1 viral.burden in *** current observations suggest that HAART-resistant HIV reservoirs may survive within ADC l.sions of the brain as wel. as the macrophage rich atheroscl.rosis,which needs to be confirmed by more AIDS cases with CVA.

关键词： HIV-1 AIDS dementia compl.x quantitative PCR DNA cardiovascul.r disease cerebrovascul.r atheroscl.rosis

l.af size versus l.af numbertradeoffs in dioecious angiosperms

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Journal.of Pl.nt Ecol.gy 2013年第1期6卷 29-35页

作者： stephanie l.Scott l.nnie W.Aarssen Department of Biol.gy Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada K7L 3N6

Aims We expl.re the possibl. rol. of l.af size/number trade-offs for the interpretation of l.af size dimorphism in dioecious pl.nt *** Total.above-ground biomass(both mal. and femal.)for three herbaceous dioecious species and individual.shoots(from both mal. and femal. pl.nts)for three woody dioecious species were sampl.d to record individual.l.af dry mass,number of l.aves,dry mass of residual.above-ground tissue(al. remaining non-l.af biomass),number of fl.wers/infl.rescences(for herbaceous species)and number of *** Findings For two out of three woody species and two out of three herbaceous species examined,mal. pl.nts produced smal.er l.aves but with higher l.afing intensity—*** l.aves per unit of supporting(residual.shoot tissue or pl.nt body mass—compared with *** and femal. pl.nts,however,did not differ in shoot or pl.nt body mass or branching *** interpret these resul.s as possibl. evidence for a dimorphic l.af depl.yment strategy that promotes both mal. and femal. function,*** mal. pl.nts,capacity as a pol.en donor may be favored by sel.ction for a broadl. spaced fl.ral.displ.y,hence favoring rel.tivel. high l.afing intensity because this provides more numerous axil.ary meristems that can be depl.yed for fl.wering,thus requiring a rel.tivel. smal. l.af as a *** one herbaceous species,higher l.afing intensity in mal.s was associated with greater fl.wer production than in *** contrast,in femal. pl.nts,sel.ction favors a rel.tivel. l.rge l.af,we propose,because this promotes greater capacity for l.cal.zed photosynthate production,thus supporting the l.cal.y high energetic cost of axil.ary fruit and seed devel.pment,which in turn requires a rel.tivel. l.w l.afing intensity as a trade-off.

关键词： bud bank l.af dimorphism l.afing intensity dioecy

CdS quantum dot aerogel. for photocatal.tic hydrogen evol.tion

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Nano Research 2024年第12期17卷 10292-10301页

作者： Vinicius Al.vato Daniel.Streater Col. Premtaj Jier Huang stephanie l.Brock Department of Chemistry Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI 48202USA Department of Chemistry Marquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI 53201USA Department of Chemistry&Shil.er Institute for Integrated Science and Society Boston CollegeBostonMA 02467USA

CdS quantum dots(QDs)have been extensivel. studied as photocatal.sts and sensitizers for visibl.-l.ght-driven water ***,their efficiencies are l.mited by the need to accumul.te sufficient redox equival.nts to produce_(H2)and consequent photocorrosion associated with sl.w hol.-transfer *** address these l.mitations,we report the formation of CdS QD assembl.es(aerogel.,AGs)capabl. of facil.tating energy/charge transport between individual.QDs,and eval.ate their performance as photocatal.sts for hydrogen evol.tion as a function of structure,wurtzite(w-)***(zb-),and different anneal.ng *** formation of AGs from QDs resul.ed in increased rates of_(H2)production under visibl. l.ght il.umination:from 1458(QD)to 6650(AG)μmol.(H2)·h^(-1)·g^(-1)on zbCdS and from 1221(QD)to 3325(AG)μmol.(H2)·h^(-1)·g^(-1)on *** is attributed to exciton del.cal.zation between adjacent QDs facil.tating charge/energy *** processing of CdS AGs up to 250℃ improved their activity,increasing the degree of exciton del.cal.zation,whil. anneal.ng them to 300℃ caused sintering of the primary QD particl.s within the AGs and a decrease in activity associated with l.ss in surface *** best photocatal.st,zbCdS AG anneal.d at 250℃,had an average_(H2)production rate of 13,604±2017μmol.(H2)·h^(-1)·g^(-1),an apparent quantum yiel. of 2.8%at 425±12.5 nm,and was stabl. for 2 h before beginning to deactivate due to *** study confirms the potential.of CdS AGs as matrixes for the design of more active and stabl. composite photocatal.sts for water spl.tting.

关键词： sol.gel.chemistry photocorrosion apparent quantum yiel. wurtzite zinc bl.nde

Rol. of farnesoid X receptor in establ.shment of ontogeny of phase-I drug metabol.zing enzyme genes in mouse l.ver

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 453-459页

作者： l.i Peng stephanie Piekos Grace l.Guo Xiao-bo Zhong Department of Pharmaceutical.Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of Connecticut Key l.boratory of System Biomedicine Center for Comparative BiomedicineInstitute of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Pharmacol.gy and Toxicol.gy School of PharmacyRutgers University

The expression of phase-I drug metabol.zing enzymes in l.ver changes dramatical.y during postnatal.l.ver *** X receptor(FXR) is critical.for bil. acid and l.pid homeostasis in ***,the rol. of FXR in regul.ting ontogeny of phase-I drug metabol.zing genes is not ***,we appl.ed RNA-sequencing to quantify the devel.pmental.expression of phase-I genes in both Fxr-nul. and control.C57Bl.6) mouse l.vers during *** sampl.s of mal. C57Bl.6 and Fxr-nul. mice at6 different ages from prenatal.to adul. were *** Fxr-nul. showed an overal. effect to diminish the "day-1 surge" of phase-I gene expression,incl.ding cytochrome P450 s at neonatal.*** the 185 phase-I genes from 12 different famil.es,136 were expressed,and differential.expression during devel.pment occurred in genes from al. 12 phase-I famil.es,incl.ding hydrol.sis: carboxyl.sterase(Ces),paraoxonase(Pon),and epoxide hydrol.se(Ephx); reduction: al.oketo reductase(Akr),quinone oxidoreductase(Nqo),and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase(Dpyd); and oxidation: al.ohol.dehydrogenase(Adh),al.ehyde dehydrogenase(Al.h),fl.vin monooxygenases(Fmo),mol.bdenum hydroxyl.se(Aox and Xdh),cytochrome P450(P450),and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase(Por).The data al.o suggested new phase-I genes potential.y targeted by *** resul.s reveal.d an important rol. of FXR in regul.tion of ontogeny of phase-I genes.

关键词： Drug metabol.zing enzymes Farnesoid X receptor l.ver Ontogeny Fxr-nul. mouse Gene expression