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TOWARDS A HUMAN DIGNITY BASED APPROACH TO FOOD SECURITY： LESSONS FROM CHINA AND INDIA

Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第2期11卷 243-265页

作者： Nandini Ramanujam stephanie chow Faculty of Law McGill University Centre of Human Rights and Legal Pluralism at McGill University MontrealCanada

Despite almost halving the proportion of the world＇s undernourished over the past two and half decades, the number of undernourished people in the world remains staggeringly high. Efforts to address the global state of food insecurity must target China and India, which are home to the world＇s highest and second highest number of undernourished people. This article analyzes the comparative experiences of tackling food security in China and India and adopts an inter-disciplinary approach, which melds legal, economic, and human perspectives to food security. Both China and India have made concerted efforts to improve food security of vulnerable populations in the past three decades. These efforts have historically focused on actively promoting grain production, which has been largely successful in achieving grain self-sufficiency and securing adequate availability of food for their populations. However, the contemporary challenges to food security are now increasingly driven by unsustainable dietary patterns and are exacerbated by growing populations, increasing wealth, and the globalization of food supply chains. As a result, the cause of food insecurity is no longer fundamentally about food supply, but rather about the extent to which marginalized populations are empowered with the rights, freedoms, and capabilities that enable them to attain healthy and productive lives. China and India apply markedly different approaches to address the issue of people＇s access to food. In India, the right to food movement has gained momentum through the work of civil society actors and there is now a legal right to food. In contrast, in China the right to food is neither stipulated in Chinese law nor referenced to in the official policy rhetoric as the country seeks to ensure access to food by focusing on poverty alleviation more generally through an income transfer program and a non-food based, social safety net to help the poor. At the same time, the Chinese population＇s high edu

关键词： food security human dignity human capabilities right to food

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Do In terest Rate Liberalizati on and Fin tech Mix?Impact on Shadow Deposits in China

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China & World Economy 2020年第1期28卷 4-22页

作者： stephanie Chan Yang Ji Department of Finance School of Economics and WISEXiamen University Department of Finance School of Economics and Gregory and Paula Chow Center for Economics ResearchXiamen University

In this paper we attempt to characterize the stability of shadow deposits in China with interest rate liberalization and fintech *** emphasize that shadow banks provide higher but riskier returns and such characteristics affect the stability of shadow *** our setting,the stability of shadow deposits is influenced by two offsetting effects,namely:the patience effect,which makes investors more willing to wait because of the potentially higher returns;and the uncertainty effect,which makes investors more likely to withdraw as a result of higher *** liberalized interest rates,the patience effect will erode and the uncertainty effect will be heightened because the post-liberalization higher return of traditional banks undermines the importance of the extra return of shadow deposits to depositors,while preserving the importance of the risk *** development is modeled as a reduction in the withdrawal cost that facilitates *** affects the stability of shadow deposits because of their wider fintech *** should be cautious in pushing interest rate liberalization andfintech application alongside building a safety net for shadow banking.

关键词： bank run fintech interest rate liberalization shadow banking

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Androgen receptor deficiency in monocytes/ macrophages does not alter adiposity or glucose homeostasis in male mice

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 276-283页

作者： Katya B Rubinow Barbara Houston Shari Wang Leela Goodspeed Kayoko Ogimoto Gregory J Morton Christopher McCarty Robert E Braun stephanie T Page Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and Nutrition Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195 USA Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA

Androgen deprivation in men leads to increased adiposity, but the mechanisms underlying androgen regulation of fat mass have not been fully defined. Androgen receptor （AR） is expressed in monocytes/macrophages, which are resident in key metabolic tissues and influence energy metabolism in surrounding cells. Male mice bearing a cell-specific knockout of the AR in monocytes/macrophages （M-ARKO） were generated to determine whether selective loss of androgen signaling in these cells would lead to altered body composition. Wild-type （WT） and M-ARKO mice （12-22 weeks of age, n = 12 per group） were maintained on a regular chow diet for 8 weeks and then switched to a high-fat diet for 8 additional weeks. At baseline and on both the regular chow and high-fat diets, no differences in lean mass or fat mass were observed between groups. Consistent with the absence of differential body weight or adiposity, no differences in food intake （3.0 ± 0.5 g per day for WT mice vs 2.8 ± 0.4 g per day for M-ARKO mice） or total energy expenditure （0.6 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for WT mice vs 0.5 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for M-ARKO mice） were evident between groups during high-fat feeding. Liver weight was greater in M-ARKO than that in WT mice （1.5 ± 0.1 g vs 1.3 ± 0.0 g, respectively, P = 0.02）. Finally, M-ARKO mice did not exhibit impairments in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity relative to WT mice at any study time point. In aggregate, these findings suggest that AR signaling specifically in monocytes/macrophages does not contribute to the regulation of systemic energy balance, adiposity, or insulin sensitivity in male mice.

关键词： androgen receptor knockout mice macrophages male hypogonadism metabolic syndrome

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