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A cautionary note on decadal sea level pressure predictions from GCMs

Advances in Climate Change Research 2018年第1期9卷 43-56页

作者： stefan LIEss Peter K.sNYDER Arjun KUMAR Vipin KUMAR Department of Earth sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA Department of soil Waterand ClimateUniversity of MinnesotaSt.Paul MN 55108USA Computer science&Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA

A comparison of sea level pressure(sLP)trends in a subset of seven Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP)phase 5 general circulation models(GCM),namely decadal simulations with CCsM4,CanCM4,MPI-EsM-LR,FGOALs-g2,MIROC4h,MIROC5,and MRICGCM3,to their CMIP3 counterparts reveals an unrealistically strong forecast skill in CMIP3 models for trend predictions for 2001e2011 when using the 1979e2000 period to train the ***-winter sLP trends over five high-,mid-,and low-latitude zones were calculated over the 1979e2000 initialization period for each ensemble member and then ranked based on their performance relative to HadsLP2 *** same method is used to rank the ensemble members.during the 2001e2011 *** CMIP3,17 out of 38 ensemble members retain their rank in the 2001e2011 hindcast period and 3 retain the neighboring ***,numbers are much lower in more recent CMIP5 decadal predictions over the similar 2001e2010 period when using the 1981e2000 period as initialization with the same number of *** periods were used for CMIP3 and CMIP5 because although the 1979e2000 initialization is widely used for CMIP3,CMIP5 decadal predictions are only available for 30-year *** conclusion to consider the forecast skill in CMIP3 predictions.during 2001e2011 as unrealistic is corroborated by comparisons to earlier periods from the 1960s to the 1980s in both CMIP3 and CMIP5 ***,although the 2001e2011 CMIP3 predictions show statistically significant forecast skill,this skill should be treated as a spurious result that is unlikely to be reproduced by newer more accurate GCMs.

关键词： sea level pressure CMIP3 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project

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Cholesterol crystal binding of biliary immunoglobulin A: visualization by fluorescence light microscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第2期7卷 198-202页

作者： Frank Lammert stefan südfeld Norbert Busch siegfried Matern Department of Medicine III University of Technology (RWTH) AachenGermany

AIM: To assess potential contributions of biliary IgA for crystal agglomeration into gallstones, we visualized cholesterol crystal binding of biliary IgA. METHODs: Crystal binding biliary proteins were extracted from human gallbladder bile using lectin affinity *** IgA was isolated from the bound protein fraction by immunoaffinity chromatography. Pure cholesterol monohydrate crystals were incubated with biliary IgA and fluoresceine isothiocyanate (FITC)conjugated anti IgA at 37 degree. samples were examined under polarizing and fluorescence light microscopy with digital image processing. REsULTs: Binding of biliary IgA to cholesterol monohydrate crystals could be visualized with FITC conjugated anti IgA *** fluorescence occurred at crystal edges and dislocations. Controls without biliary IgA or with biliary IgG showed no significant fluorescence. CONCLUsION: Fluorescence light microscopy provided evidence for cholesterol crystal binding of biliary IgA. Cholesterol crystal binding proteins like IgA might be important mediators of crystal agglomeration and growth of cholesterol gallstones by modifying the evolving crystal structures in vivo.

关键词： Crystallization Bile Cholelithiasis Cholesterol Chromatography, Affinity Fluorescent Antibody Technique Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Immunoglobulin A, secretory Microscopy, Fluorescence Research support, Non-U.s. Gov't

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少突胶质细胞瘤的组织学生长模式和基因型:与MRI特征的相关性

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第11期 22-23页

作者： Jenkinson M.D du plessis D.G smith T.s 张平 Division of Neuroscience Clinical Sciences Centre Lower Lane Liverpool L9 7LJ United Kingdom

Oligodendroglial neoplasms with the -1p/-19q genotype are more indolent with longer survival and increased therapeutic responsiveness than those with intact 1p/19q, but the biological basis for these clinical differences is unclear. Recent research suggests that oligodendrogliomas with and without the -1p/-19q genotype may be distinguished by their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance, suggesting possible differences in growth characteristics. This study examined the relationship between genotype and histological growth patterns of oligodendroglial neoplasms in association with MR imaging characteristics. Tumour imaging features assessed on MRI included sharp-versus-indistinct border, smooth-versus-irregular contour, homogeneous-ver-sus-heterogeneous signal, contrast enhancement and paramagnetic susceptibility effect. Growth patterns (solid : mixed : infiltrative), tumour-margin transitions in cellularity and calcification were determined histopathologically. Allelic imbalance in chromosomes 1p36 and 19q13 was determined. Thirty-three oligodendrogliomas (25 with 1p/19q loss) and 53 oligoastrocytomas (18 with 1p/19q loss) were investigated. solid, mixed or infiltrative growth patterns were seen in grade II and grade III tumours with or without 1p/19q loss, but infiltrative growth was more common in tumours with intact 1p/19q (χ2: P = 0.029). Grade III tumours were more likely to have a solid growth pattern (χ2: P = 0.046) associated with contrast enhancement (χ2: P = 0.011). Transition in cellularity at the radiological margin did not differ according to genotype. All cases with T1 or T2 signal homogeneity had intact 1p/19q. Tumours with sharp/smooth borders were more likely to have intact 1p/19q than those with indistinct/irregular borders (χ2:P s was not related to histological growth characteristics. This study identified a group of oligodendroglial tumours with intact 1p/19q displaying distinctive MR imaging features that were unrelated to

关键词：少突胶质细胞瘤基因型遗传型相关性生长模式

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Getting the Most Out of Every Training Day:The Influence of Instructors on self-Regulated Learning during Firefighter Leadership Courses

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2024年第3期15卷 332-345页

作者： stefan Röseler Micha Hilbert Guido Hertel Meinald T.Thielsch Department of Psychology University of Münster48149MünsterGermany

Leadership courses in the fire services are highly challenging,and they can seriously exhaust trainees and hamper their selfregulated learning efforts(for example,setting goals,focusing attention,seeking feedback).We theorize that experiences of failure or overload can curtail trainees'available energy resources on subsequent training days,which,in turn,should affect trainees'learning *** instructors'central role in leadership courses,we hypothesize that supportive and humble instructor behaviors decrease experiences of failure and overload and,thus,increase self-regulated ***,we argue that supportive instructor behavior may amplify the positive effects of high energy resources,while humble behavior may alleviate the negative impact of low resource *** tested preregistered hypotheses with 118 firefighters participating in two-week leadership courses at a German fire *** participants completed short web-based questionnaires before and after classes each *** analyses confirmed that perceived daily supportive and humble instructor behavior predicted trainees'reports of daily self-regulated learning ***,this effect was independent from positive effects of trainees'reported energy resources in the *** and humble behavior did not moderate the eff ect of energy *** findings suggest that instructors play a crucial role in facilitating effective learning under challenging training ***,we offer implications for leaders in fire services,who often conduct trainings with their subordinates.

关键词： Diary study Fire services Instructor behavior Leadership training Resource investment

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speciation in nanosecond laser ablation of zinc in water

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第7期65卷 90-98页

作者： stefan Reich Yannis Klügl Anna Ziefuss Renéstreubel Jorg Gottlicher Anton Plech Institute for Photon science and synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe D-76021Germany Department of Technical ChemistryⅠand Center for Nanointegration duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-EssenEssen D-45141Germany Fraunhofer Institute for High-speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institute(EMI)Freiburg 79104Germany

In situ experimental methods have been applied to resolve mass flow and chemical speciation in the pulsed laser ablation of zinc in water. The chemical speciation has been resolved by time-resolved μ-X-ray absorption spectroscopy and mapped onto the macroscopic mass flow during material ejection from the metallic target and bubble dynamics of evaporated water. Large particles and agglomerates have been detected via dark-field X-ray imaging with a shack-Hartmann sensor. The characteristic of the dynamics is that the vapor bubble is nearly homogeneously filled with ablated material. This persists.during bubble collapse,which means that the ablated particles are captured and retracted towards the target. Limited mass escape is indicated by the X-ray absorption signal. Importantly, the near-edge structure at the Zn-K;transition delivers information on the chemical state of the ejected material. It clearly confirms that oxidation is not present within the bubble phase and the following sub-millisecond time scale. The oxidation proceeds on Zn nanoparticles in suspension on a second to minute course. Within the first microseconds,a Zn atom phase is detected that resembles Zn vapor. The addition of either reductive NaBH;or oxidative HAuCl;to the water phase influences the quantity of the atom contribution moderately, but does not influence the initial atom phase. such behavior must be understood in terms of the nanosecond pulse excitation. After ejected material and a plasma is formed within the pulse duration of 7 ns the laser is able to further heat the ejecta and transform it partly into vapor. Correspondingly, the coupling of energy into the ablation zone as followed by plasma intensity and bubble size follows a threshold behavior as a function of laser fluence, marking the onset of laser-plasma heating. The reaction conditions inside the bubble are probably reductive due to the concomitant formation of excess hydrogen.

关键词： laser ablation in liquids elemental speciation X-ray absorption spectroscopy oxidation zinc oxide nanoparticles

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Tender evaluation through efficiency analysis for public construction contracts

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2022年第1期9卷 148-158页

作者： stefan NIEWERTH Peter VOGT Markus THEWEs Institute for Tunnelling and Construction Management Ruhr-University Bochum44801BochumGermany Institute of Civil Engineering Hochschule Ruhr West45479Mülheim/RuhrGermany

Given the European Public Procurement Directive 2014/24/EU,policymakers have ordered the inclusion of various criteria,such as the price,life-cycle costs,environmental,and social aspects,in the evaluation of tenders for public construction ***,the relevance of non-monetary award criteria has gained significant ***,the established evaluation formulas,which are used to obtain the best value for money procurement,have resulted in legal *** existing evaluation formulas exhibit mathematical weaknesses,wherein scoring indices do not express economic efficiency ***,a conflict is observed between the political requirement of non-monetary award criteria and their evaluation by contracting *** overcome such dilemma,an extensive literature review is ***,this study explores the essential problems of existing evaluation formulas and develops a more reliable *** technique from the field of efficiency analysis,i.e.,Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA),is adopted in this *** contract awarding,the DEA is extended by introducing a decision theoretical *** public procurement,the proposed method combines two ***,the proposed method ensures the derivation of a robust tender ranking given that with respect to clients’preferences,irrelevant and insufficiently tailored tenders do not influence the ***,the proposed method supports the intention of policy makers to promote public goals,such as sustainable *** disclosing the strengths and weaknesses of bidders with respect to their competitors,all bidders can obtain a precise overview of their performance regarding the award *** sum,the proposed method allows a targeted improvement of certain criteria values in future tenders and consequently leads to an enhancement of public goals.

关键词： bid evaluation public procurement best value for money data envelopment analysis contractor selection

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A new quantum speed-meter interferometer: measuring speed to search for intermediate mass black holes

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Light(science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 940-948页

作者： stefan L.Danilishin Eugene Knyazev Nikita V.Voronchev Farid Ya.Khalili Christian Gräf sebastian steinlechner Jan-simon Hennig stefan Hild Institut für Theoretische Physik Leibniz Universität Hannover and Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik(Albert-Einstein-Institut)Callinstraße 38D-30167 HannoverGermany sUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUnited Kingdom M.V.Lomonosov Moscow state University Faculty of PhysicsMoscow 119991Russia Institut für Laserphysik und Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien der Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany

The recent discovery of gravitational waves(GW)by Advanced LIGO(Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Observatory)has impressively launched the novel field of gravitational astronomy and allowed us to glimpse exciting objects about which we could previously only *** sensitivity improvements at the low-frequency end of the detection band of future GW observatories must rely on quantum non-demolition(QND)methods to suppress fundamental quantum fluctuations of the light fields used to readout the GW *** we present a novel concept of how to turn a conventional Michelson interferometer into a QND speed-meter interferometer with coherently suppressed quantum back-action *** use two orthogonal polarizations of light and an optical circulator to couple *** carry out a detailed analysis of how imperfections and optical loss influence the achievable *** find that the proposed configuration significantly enhances the low-frequency sensitivity and increases the observable event rate of binary black-hole coalescences in the range of 102103Mby a factor of up to~300.

关键词： quantum allowed coherent

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Impaired dynamic interaction of axonal endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes contributes to defective stimulus-response in spinal muscular atrophy

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 474-495页

作者： Chunchu Deng sebastian Reinhard Luisa Hennlein Janna Eilts stefan sachs sören Doose sibylle Jablonka Markus sauer Mehri Moradi Michael sendtner Institute of Clinical Neurobiology University Hospital Wuerzburg97078 Wür-zburgGermany Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics BiocenterJulius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg97074 WürzburgGermany.

Background:Axonal degeneration and defects in neuromuscular neurotransmission represent a pathological hall-mark in spinal muscular atrophy(sMA)and other forms of motoneuron *** pathological changes do not only base on altered axonal and presynaptic architecture,but also on alterations in dynamic movements of organelles and subcellular structures that are not necessarily reflected by static histopathological *** dynamic inter-play between the axonal endoplasmic reticulum(ER)and ribosomes is essential for stimulus-induced local translation in motor axons and presynaptic ***,it remains enigmatic whether the ER and ribosome crosstalk is impaired in the presynaptic compartment of motoneurons with smn(survival of motor neuron)deficiency that could contribute to axonopathy and presynaptic dysfunction in ***:Using super-resolution microscopy,proximity ligation assay(PLA)and live imaging of cultured motoneu-rons from a mouse model of sMA,we investigated the dynamics of the axonal ER and ribosome distribution and ***:We observed that the dynamic remodeling of ER was impaired in axon terminals of smn-deficient *** addition,in axon terminals of smn-deficient motoneurons,ribosomes failed to respond to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulation,and did not undergo rapid association with the axonal ER in response to extracellular ***:These findings implicate impaired dynamic interplay between the ribosomes and ER in axon terminals of motoneurons as a contributor to the pathophysiology of sMA and possibly also other motoneuron diseases.

关键词： spinal muscular atrophy Presynaptic ER dynamics Dynamics of ribosomal assembly BDNF stimulation

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Prematurity and the burden of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus disease

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第1期12卷 8-18页

作者： Bernhard Resch stefan Kurath-Koller Monika Eibisberger Werner Zenz Research Unit for Neonatal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Division of NeonatologyDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of GrazAustria Research Unit for Neonatal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Medical University of GrazAustria Research Unit for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology Division of General PediatricsDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of GrazAustria

Background:Respiratory morbidity of former preterm infants and especially those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is high during infancy and early *** sources:We performed a review based on a literature search including EMBAsE,MEDLINE,and CINAHL databases to identify all relevant papers published in the English and German literature on influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection associated with preterm infant,prematurity,and BPD between 1980 and ***:Recurrent respiratory symptoms remain common at preschool age,school age and even into young *** viral respiratory tract infections.due to different pathogens cause significant morbidity and necessitate rehospitalizations.during the fi rst years of *** uenza virus infection plays a minor role compared to respiratory syncytial virus(RsV)associated respiratory tract infection during infancy and early ***,particular morbidity to both viruses is ***:The particular burden of both viral diseases in preterm infants is dominated by RsV and its associated rehospitalizations.during the fi rst two years of *** measures include vaccination against influenza virus of family members and caregivers and active immunization starting at the age of 6 months,and monthly injections of palivizumab during the cold season to avoid severe RsV disease and its sequelae.

关键词： bronchopulmonary dysplasia infl uenza preterm infant respiratory infectious disease respiratory syncytial virus

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Landslide susceptibility: a statistically-based assessment on a depositional pyroclastic ramp

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Journal of Mountain science 2019年第3期16卷 561-580页

作者： Franny G.MURILLO-GARCíA stefan sTEGER Irasema ALCáNTARA-AYALA Institute of Geography National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Institute for Earth Observation Eurac Research

This study aimed to produce a high-quality landslide susceptibility map for Teziutlán municipality, a landslide-prone region in Mexico, which is characterised by a depositional pyroclastic ramp. The heterogeneous quality of available topographic information(i.e. higher resolution digital elevation model only for a sub-region) encouraged to confront modelling results based on two different study area delineations and two raster resolutions. Input data was based on the larger modelling region L15(163 km2) and smaller s(70 km2; located inside L15) with an associated raster cell size of 15 m(region L15 and s15) and 5 m(region s5). The resulting three data sets(L15, s15 and s5) were included into three differently flexible modelling techniques(Generalized Linear Model-GLM, General Additive Model-GAM, support Vector Machine-sVM) to produce nine landslide susceptibility models. Preceding variable selection was performed heuristically and supported by an exploratory data analysis. The final models were based on the explanatory variables slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, relative slope position, elevation, convergence index, distance to streams, distance to springs and topographic wetness index. The ability of the models to classify independent test data was elaborated using a k-fold cross validation procedure and the AUROC(Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic) metric. In general, all produced landslide susceptibility maps depicted the hillslopes of the ravines, which cut the pyroclastic ramp, as prone to landsliding. The modelling results showed that predictive performances(i.e. AUROC values) slightly increased with an increasing flexibility of the applied modelling technique. Thus, sVM performed best, while the GAM outperformed the GLM. This tendency was most distinctive when modelling with the largest landslide sample size(i.e. data set L15; n = 662 landslides). Non-linear classifiers(GAMs, sVMs) performed slightly better when trained on the basis of lower

关键词： Landslide susceptibility Pyroclastic ramp Logistic regression Generalized Additive Model support Vector Machine Cross validation

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