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Walking the thin line…ten years later:the dilemma of aboveversus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae(Basidiomycota)

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第2期89卷 267-292页

作者： Bart Buyck stefan zoller Valerie Hofstetter Museum national d’histoire naturelle Departement Systematique et OriginesCP 39Institut pour la SystematiqueEvolutionBiodiversiteSorbonne UniversiteUMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE12 Rue Buffon75005 ParisFrance Department of Environmental Systems Science Genetic Diversity CentreETH ZurichCHN E 55Universitatstrasse 168092 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Plant Protection Agroscope ChanginsWadenswil Research StationACWRte de Duiller1260 NyonSwitzerland

For the very first time,morpho-anatomical features of both fruiting bodies as well as below-ground structures have been confronted with a newly produced multigene phylogeny of root symbiotic basidiomycetes using one of the most speciose genera of ectomycorrhizal fungi(Russula,Russulales)as an *** this first of two papers,the authors focus more specifically on below-ground *** five-gene phylogeny divides the genus in five main clades,here interpreted as representing seven subgenera,all significantly *** more conserved than features of fruiting bodies,the anatomy of ectomycorrhiza does not allow for an unambiguous characterization of the main clades resolved by phylogenetic analysis,but the anatomy of ectomycorrhiza performs better to naturally classify the species of this *** of fruiting bodies remain much more adequate for the delimitation of terminal clades and are irreplaceable for morphological species *** taxa mostly nest in ancient lineages,but are also present in some terminal clades of otherwise temperate species *** shift from plectenchymatic to pseudoparenchymatic ECM outer mantle structures happened most likely already in the paleotropics,and is here hypothesized to have facilitated a major diversification of the genus with new hosts in the northern *** data as well as our own observations on below ground structures of several Lactifluus species suggests that this genus shares with Russula the absence of lactifers in ECM mantles and rhizomorphs,contrary to species of Lactarius where lactifers are always *** observations on rhizomorphs of species in Multifurca confirm the presence of vessel-like and ladder-like hyphae,also found in the other agarioid genera of this family,while distinct lactifers are only present in the lactarioid,but not in russuloid members of this genus.

关键词： Ectomycorrhizal anatomy Lactifluus Multifurca Multigene phylogeny Rhizomorphs

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