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Stigma and its impact on the families of former soldiers of the German Armed Forces: An exploratory study

Military Medical Research 2019年第2期6卷 143-158页

作者： Katrin Schuy Simone Dors Loni Brants Marie Horzetzky Gerd Willmund Andreas Strohle Peter Zimmermann Heinrich Rau stefan siegel Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus ChariteMitteCharite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany Psychotraumazentrum Military Hospital10115BerlinGermany

Background: Military families who have a family member with a mental illness see themselves confronted with many demands. Stigmatization is one of these challenges. Stigmatization affects not only the individual who suffers from a mental illness but also other family members via stigma by association and vicarious stigma. Stigma by association occurs when mental illness stigma spills over to individuals associated with an individual with a mental illness. Vicarious stigma describes the suffering of family members when they note the impact of stigma on their relative with mental illness. As a societal phenomenon, stigma plays out in social interactions and might therefore influence the social networks of families. It is also associated with healthcare ***: Narrative interviews were conducted with 15 family members(partners, spouses, parents and children) of former soldiers of the German Armed Forces with a service-induced mental illness. The transcribed interview data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, in which codes were formed and emerging themes were systemized. Relationships between stigma, the families’ reactions to it, its effects on their social relationships and its interference with their healthcare utilization were ***: This study provides a detailed description of how relatives of former German soldiers with mental health problems experience stigma by association and vicarious stigma. Their perceptions are shown in a model that describes stigma-related attitudes, reactions to them and their effects on the social relationships of former soldiers’ families. These families felt stigmatized because of the former soldiers’ mental illness(mental illness stigma) and the military context in which it occurred(former soldier stigma). They reacted with nondisclosure, anger, acceptance and self-blame. Stigma was associated with smaller and weaker social networks that were characterized by social exclusion, self-segregation a

关键词： Stigma by association Vicarious stigma Families Mental illness Veteran German Armed Forces

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