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Preliminary reconstruction of the desert and sandy land distributions in china since the last interglacial period

Science china earth sciences 2004年第Z1期47卷 89-100页

作者： CHEN Huizhong, SU Zhizhu, YANG Ping & DONG Guangrongkey laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research institute, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china state key laboratory of loess quaternary geology, institute of earth environment, chinese academy of sciences, xi’an 710075, china institute of loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, china key laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China state key laboratory of loess quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China institute of loess Plateau Shanxi University Taiyuan China

The desert and sandy land are the products of arid climate. The spatial distribution of modern deserts and sandy land in china and their relation to climate show following characteristics: arid and hyper-arid desert zones, at isohyet of less than 200 mm, are dominated by mobile dunes; semi-arid steppe and arid desert steppe with the precipitation between 200?00 mm, are dominated by semi-fixed and fixed sand dunes; the precipitation of sub-humid forest grassland and humid forest zones with scattered fixed sand land is higher than 400 mm. With this as reference, in combination with considerable amount of paleoclimatic data in desert regions and adjacent regions, the distributions of desert and sandy land in china during the last intergla-cial period, the last glacial maximum (LGM), and the Holocene megathermal, were preliminarily reconstructed. The results compared with that of today show that the distribution of desert and sandy land in china was greatly dwindled during last interglacial period, and the mobile dune area was about two-thirds of that of today's, but greatly expanded during LGM. However, the dwindling area of desert and sandy land in the Holocene megathermal was smaller than that in the last interglacial period. The forcing mechanism was mainly related to the changes of East Asian winter and summer monsoon, south-northward swing of the westerlies and the variations of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau monsoon intensity caused by global climate changes during the cold and warm intervals since the last interglacial period.

关键词： the glacial-interglacial period, desert, sandy land, spatial distribution.

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Neogene eolian deposits within the West Qinling Mountains:Climatic and tectonic implications

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第15期55卷 1483-1487页

作者： GE JunYi 1,2 & GUO ZhengTang 3 1 state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology (SKLLQG),institute of earth environment,chinese academy of sciences,xi’an 710075,china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,china 3 key laboratory of Cenozoic geology and environment,institute of geology and Geophysics,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,china state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology (SKLLQG) Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China key laboratory of Cenozoic geology and environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The Qinling Mountains constitute a key climate barrier between southern and northern *** recent investigations revealed widely spread eolian deposits of Neogene age mantling the piedmont highlands of the intermountain basins within West ***-mammalian fossils dated a 150.2 m section (NL-VI) near xihe for the late Miocene to Pliocene (～10-4 Ma).Soil micromorphology,grain-size and geochemical analysis consistently define typical loess-soil alternations for the upper (0-66 m) and lower (98-150.2 m) parts of the section,with the middle section (66-98 m) having been affected by episodic slope *** results add important insights to the earlier studies about the widespread eolian deposition in northern china during the Miocene,prior to 8 *** also suggest that the basic configuration of the ridges and inter-ridge basins of West Qinling has already formed by ～10 *** well-preserved eolian deposits are unlikely to support intense substratum deformation and rapid uplift of West Qinling since the late Miocene.

关键词：秦岭山脉风尘堆积构造意义气候新近纪晚中新世地球化学分析风尘沉积

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Boron isotopic fractionation in laboratory inorganic carbonate precipitation:Evidence for the incorpora-tion of B(OH)_3 into carbonate

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Science china earth sciences 2008年第12期51卷 1776-1785页

作者： xiAO YingKai1,2, LI HuaLing1,3, LIU WeiGuo4, WANG xiuFang1 & JIANG ShaoYong5 1 Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes, chinese academy of sciences, xining 810008, china 2 state key laboratory of environmental Geochemistry, institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, Guiyang 550002, china 3 Nanjing institute of geology and Mineral Resources, Nanjing 210016, china 4 state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology, institute of earth environment, chinese academy of sciences, xi’an 710075, china 5 state key laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Department of earth sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, china Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China state key laboratory of environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang China Nanjing institute of geology and Mineral Resources Nanjing China state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China state key laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

A laboratory inorganic carbonate precipitation experiment at high pH of 8.96 to 9.34 was conducted, and the boron isotopic fractionations of the precipitated carbonate were measured. The data show that boron isotopic fractionation factors (αcarb-3) between carbonate and B(OH)3 in seawater range 0.937 and 0.965, with an average value of 0.953. Our results together with those reported by Sanyal and collabo-rators show that the αcarb-3 values between carbonate and B(OH)3 in solution are not constant but are negatively correlated with the pH of seawater. The measured boron isotopic compositions of carbonate precipitation (δ11Bcarb) do not exactly lie on the best-fit theoretical δ 11B4-pH curves and neither do they exactly parallel any theoretical δ 11B4-pH curves. Therefore, it is reasonable to argue that a changeable proportion of B(OH)3 with pH of seawater should also be incorporated into carbonate except for the dominant incorporation of B(OH)4- in carbonate . Hence, in the reconstruction of the paleo-pH of sea-water from boron isotopes in marine biogenic carbonates, the use of theoretical boron isotopic frac-tionation factor (α4-3) between B(OH)4- and B(OH)3 is not suitable. Instead, an empirical equation should be established.

关键词： boron isotopic fractionation biogenic carbonate B(OH)3 incorporation

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Constraints of authigenic carbonates on trace elements (Sr,Mg) of lacustrine ostracod shells in paleoenviron-ment reconstruction and its mechanism

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Science china earth sciences 2008年第5期51卷 654-664页

作者： HU Guang1,2, JIN ZhangDong1 & ZHANG Fei3 1 state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology, institute of earth environment, chinese academy of sciences, xi’an 710075, china 2 Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 3 College of Resources and environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, china state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing China College of Resources and environmental Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China

Molar ratios of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca were measured in two species of ostracod shells preserved in the upper core (15–55 m) of the Hequing Basin in Yunnan Province, southwest china. By correlating the molar ratios between Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca and comparing them with Sr concentrations of the sediments, we suggested that: (1) the molar Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratio variations in respective ostracod primo reflected the changes in its ambient water composition and ecology; (2) the molar Sr/Ca ratios responded better to the salinity change linearly than Mg/Ca without aragonite precipitation in the system, and otherwise there was no linear relation between them; and (3) the molar Sr/Ca ratios were mainly controlled by salinity and authigenic carbonate precipitation, whereas the molar Mg/Ca ratios were related to both salinity and temperature. In fact, the rate of ostracod growth owing to temperature controls the fluctuation of Mg/Ca in shells. Here, more attentions should be paid to the constraint of authigenic mineral precipitation processes on the trace elements in ostracod shells and to the correlation between these trace elements in biogenic carbonates and compositions of the sediments in systems and in future in vitro experiments.

关键词： ostracod shell molar Sr/Ca ratio molar Mg/Ca ratio environmental response Heqing Basin

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Nitrogen isotopic composition of plant-soil in the loess Plateau and its responding to environmental change

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第2期54卷 272-279页

作者： LIU WeiGuo1,2 & WANG Zheng1,3 1 state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology, institute of earth environment, chinese academy of sciences, xi’an 710075, china 2 xi’an Jiaotong University, School of Human Settlement and Civil Engineering, xi’an 710049, china 3 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China School of Human Settlement and Civil Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

The nitrogen isotope of soil is of emerging significance as an indicator of climatic change and biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen in nature systems. In this paper, the nitrogen content and isotopic composition of modern ecosystems from arid and semiarid loess Plateau in northwestern china, including plant roots and surface soil, were determined to investigate trends in δ15N variation of plant roots and soil along a precipitation and temperature gradient in northwestern china under the East Asian Monsoon climate condition. The δ15N values of surface soil from the study area vary from ?1.2‰ to 5.8‰, but from -5.1‰ to 1.9‰ in the plant roots. Our results indicate that (1) although the isotopic compositions of both plant roots and surface soil change with a similar trend along the climate gradient, the apparent nitrogen difference between plant roots and soil existed, with -δ15N values ranging from 0.3‰ to 7.2‰ with average of 4.1‰; and (2) mean annual precipitation (MAP) is the dominant factor for isotopic composition of plant-soil nitrogen in the loess Plateau, and the δ15N values are less correlated with MAT; we suggest that nitrogen isotopic composition of soil is a potential tracer for environmental changes.

关键词：氮同位素物理性质化学性质环境论

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Changes in grain-size and sedimentation rate of the Neogene Red Clay deposits along the chinese loess Plateau and implications for the palaeowind system

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Science china earth sciences 2005年第9期 126-136页

作者： WEN Lingjuan, LU Huayu & QIANG xiaoke state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology, institute of earth environment, chinese academy of sciences, xi’an 710075, china

The wind system responsible for transporting dust onto the chinese loess Plateau during the late Miocene and Pliocene is still unknown and recent investigations highlight many controversies. This report aims to investigate spatiotemporal changes in grain-size and sedi- mentation rate of the Neogene Red Clay deposits in north china and to explore palaeoclimatic changes during the late Miocene and Pliocene, in particular the palaeowind system that trans- ported dust. Samples were collected from eight Red Clay sections on the loess Plateau. Meas- urement and analysis show that there is a clear southward decrease in the mean grain-size index and in the coarse particle fraction (>20 μm). At Jiaxian site on the northern loess Plateau, the average mean grain-size is around 20 μm, while at Lantian site in the south, the mean is around 9 μm. The coarse particle fraction >20 μm makes up 24.4% and 5.6%, at the two sites respec- tively. This distinct diversity of grain-size in the aeolian Red Clay deposit between the north and south indicate that the palaeodust was transported mainly by northerly low-level winds. The grain-size variations in the Red Clay deposits can also be divided into three stages (the lower, the middle and the upper interval): grain-size of the lower stage is significantly coarser than that of the middle stage, but finer than that of the upper stage. As a consequence, the intensity of pa- laeowind and desiccation of the dust source region during the late Miocene and Pliocene can be divided into three stages: 6.2―5.4 Ma, 5.4―3.5 Ma and 3.5―2.6 Ma. Strength of the palaeowind during the middle stage (5.4―3.5 Ma) is weaker than that of the previous and subsequent stages and the intensity of palaeowind during the latest stage (3.5―2.6 Ma) is stronger than that of the early time (6.2―5.4 Ma). Variations in the sedimentation rate of the Red Clay deposit can also be divided into three stages: the earlier, the middle and the later interval. The sedimentation rate of

关键词： Red Clay deposit grain size atmospheric circulation the late Miocene and the Pliocene chinese loess Plateau.

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Precipitation Pulses and Soil CO_2 Emission in Desert Shrubland of Artemisia ordosica on the Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia,china

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Pedosphere 2009年第6期19卷 799-807页

作者： JIN Zhao DONG Yun-She QI Yu-Chun M. DOMROES institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 （China） state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi＇an 710075 （China） institute of Geography Mainz University Mainz 55099 （Germany）

Precipitation is the major driver of ecosystem functions and processes in semiarid and arid regions. In such waterlimited ecosystems, pulsed water inputs directly control the belowground processes through a series of soil drying and rewetting cycles. To investigate the effects of sporadic addition of water on soil CO2 effux, an artificial precipitation event （3 mm） was applied to a desert shrub ecosystem in the Mu Us Sand Land of the Ordos Plateau in china. Soil respiration rate increased 2.8 4.1 times immediately after adding water in the field, and then it returned to background level within 48 h. During the experiment, soil CO2 production was between 2 047.0 and 7 383.0 mg m^-2. In the shrubland, soil respiration responses showed spatial variations, having stronger pulse effects beneath the shrubs than in the interplant spaces. The spatial variation of the soil respiration responses was closely related with the heterogeneity of soil substrate availability. Apart from precipitation, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen pool were also identified as determinants of soil CO2 loss in desert ecosystems.

关键词： desert shrub ecosystem Mu Us sand land soil respiration response water addition

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Modeling the climate effects of different subregional uplifts within the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau on Asian summer monsoon evolution

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chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第35期57卷 4617-4626页

作者： ZHANG Ran 1,JIANG DaBang 1,2,3,LIU xiaoDong 4 & TIAN ZhiPing 2,5 1 Climate Change Research Center,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,china 2 Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre,institute of Atmospheric Physics,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,china 3 key laboratory of Regional Climate-environment Research for Temperate East Asia,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,china 4 state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology,institute of earth environment,chinese academy of sciences,xi’an 710075,china 5 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,china Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China key laboratory of Regional Climate-environment Research for Temperate East Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Considering the different uplifting time of different subregions of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau(TP),a series of numerical simulations have been conducted with the Community Atmosphere Model(CAM4) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research to explore the effects of the phased tectonic uplift of the Himalaya-TP on the evolution of Asian summer *** results show that the uplifts of the Himalaya and northern TP significantly affect the evolutions of South Asian summer monsoon and northern East Asian summer monsoon *** is,the tectonic uplift of the Himalaya intensifies the South Asian summer monsoon circulation and increases the precipitation in South Asia,whereas the uplift of the northern TP intensifies the northern East Asian summer monsoon circulation and increases the precipitation in northern East *** with previous simulations,current comparative analyses of modeling results for different subregional uplifts within the Himalaya-TP help deepen our understanding of the evolutionary history of Asian monsoons.

关键词：青藏高原隆升喜马拉雅亚洲季风高原气候夏季季风次区域隆起演化建模

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Geomorphologic evidence of phased uplift of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 14 million years ago

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Science china earth sciences 2004年第9期47卷 822-833页

作者： LU Huayu1, WANG xiaoyong1, AN Zhisheng1, MIAO xiaodong1, ZHU Rixiang3, MA Haizhou2, LI Zhen4, TAN Hongbing2 & WANG xianyan1 1. state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology, institute of earth environment, chinese academy of sciences, xi’an 710075 china 2. Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes, chinese academy of sciences. xining 810008, china 3. institute of geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china 4. Department of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, xining 810008, china state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China institute of geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China Department of Geography Qinghai Normal University Xining China

A typical sequence of fluvial terraces and aeolian deposits overlying these ter- races were multidisciplinary investigated. New evidences for uplift process of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the past 14 million years were obtained. At least 11 river terraces along Huangshui, the first-class tributary of Yellow River, at the xining-Huzhu region are identi- fied. While the first one (T1) is classified as an accumulation terrace, the others are all basement river terraces, which consist of the Tertiary sandstone and siltstone bedrock, fluvial gravel and pebbles and the overlying aeolian loess-Red Clay deposit. Samples from the aeolian deposits were examined for paleomagnetic stratigraphic reconstruction (1030 samples), luminescence dating (16 samples), magnetic susceptibility and grain-size distribution (more than 4000 sam- ples). The luminescence dating and stratigraphic correlation suggest that terraces of Tll, T10, T8, T7, T3, T2, T1 were formed at 14, 11.3, 1.55, 1.2, 0.15, 0.07 and 0.01 million years ago, re- spectively. Sedimentological analysis and geomorphological observation indicate that formation and evolution of these terraces were mainly driven by tectonic uplift. Therefore, the terrace se- quence provides an ideal geological record, of the uplift process of the northeastern during the past 14 million years, and the timings of the terraces formation are regarded as the timings of tectonic uplift. The significant uplifting events took place at 14, 11.3, 1.2 and 0.15 mil- lion years ago, respectively. The fluvial incision at the xining-Huzhu region is less than 100 m during a period of ~12 million years in the Miocene era (between the Tll and T9), while the Huangshui River had incised 432 m during the past 1.2 million years (from T7 to the present floodplain). The river incision process clearly demonstrates that accelerated rising of the north- eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the late Cenozoic, and provides new evidence of previous thoughts

关键词： river terrace, tectonic uplift, loess-Red Clay, the past 14 million years, northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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An unusual isotopic fractionation of boron in synthetic calcium carbonate precipitated from seawater and saline water

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Science china Chemistry 2006年第5期49卷 454-465页

作者： xiAO Yingkai1,2,LI Shizhen1,WEI Haizhen1,SUN Aide1,ZHOU Weijian2 & LIU Weiguo2 1. Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes,chinese academy of sciences,xining 810008,china 2. state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology,institute of earth environment,chinese academy of sciences,xi’an 710075,china Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China state key laboratory of loess and quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China

Inorganic calcium carbonate precipitation from natural seawater and salinewater at various pH values was carried out experimentally. The results show the clear positiverelationships between boron concentration and δ^(11)B of inorganic calcium carbonate with the pH ofnatural seawater and saline water. However, the variations of boron isotopic fractionation betweeninorganic calcite and seawater/saline water with pH are inconsistent with the hypothesis thatB(OH)_4^- is the dominant species incorporated into the biogenic calcite structure. The isotopicfractionation factors a between synthetic calcium carbonate precipitate and parent solutionsincrease systematically as pH increases, from 0.9884 at pH 7.60 to 1.0072 at pH 8.60 for seawaterand from 0.9826 at pH 7.60 to 1.0178 at pH 8.75 for saline water. An unusual boron isotopicfractionation factor of larger than 1 in synthetic calcium carbonate precipitated fromseawater/saline water at higher pH is observed, which implies that a substantial amount of theisotopically heavier B(OH)_3 species must be incorporated preferentially into synthetic inorganiccarbonate. The results propose that the incorporation of B(OH)_3 is attributed to the formation ofMg(OH)_2 at higher pH of calcifying microenvironment during the synthetic calcium carbonateprecipitation. The preliminary experiment of Mg(OH)_2 precipitated from artificial seawater showsthat heavier ^(11)B is enriched in Mg(OH)_2 precipitation, which suggests that isotopically heavierB(OH)_3 species incorporated preferentially into Mg(OH)_2 precipitation. This result cannot beapplied to explain the boron isotopic fractionation of marine bio-carbonate because of thepossibility that the unusual environment in this study appears in formation of marine bio-carbonateis infinitesimal. We, however, must pay more attention to this phenomenon observed in this study,which accidentally appears in especially natural environment.

关键词： boron, isotopic fractionation, calcium carbonate precipitate, seawater, saline water.

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