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Feasibility Comparison of Reanalysis Data from NCEP-I and NCEP-II in the Himalayas

Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 56-65页

作者： XIE Aihong REN Jiawen QIN Xiang KANG Shichang state key laboratory of Cryospheric sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 73oooo China institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Mt. Everest is often referred to as the earth＇s ＇third＇ pole. As such it is relatively inaccessible and little is known about its meteorology. In 2005, an automatic weather station was operated at North Col （28°1′ 0.95＂ N, 86°57′ 48.4＂ E, 6523 m a.s.l.） of Mt. Everest. Based on the observational data, this paper compares the reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR （hereafter NCEP-Ⅰ） and NCEP-DOE AMIP-Ⅱ （NCEP- Ⅱ）, in order to understand which reanalysis data are more suitable for the high Himalayas with Mr. Everest region. When comparing with those from the other levels, pressure interpolated from 500 hPa level is closer to the observation and can capture more synoptic-scale variability, which may be due to the very complex topography around Mt. Everest and the intricately complicated orographic land-atmosphereocean interactions. The interpolation from both NCEP-Ⅰ and NCEP-Ⅱ daily minimum temperature and daily mean pressure can capture most synopticscale variability （r〉0.82, n=83, p〈0.001）. However, there is difference between NCEP-Ⅰ and NCEP-Ⅱ reanalysis data because of different model parameterization. Comparing with the observation, the magnitude of variability was underestimated by 34.1%, 28.5 % and 27.1% for NCEP-Ⅰ temperature and pressure, and NCEP-Ⅱ pressure, respectively, while overestimated by 44.5 % for NCEP-Ⅱ temperature. For weather events interpolated from the reanalyzed data, NCEP-Ⅰ and NCEP-Ⅱ show the same features that weather events interpolated from pressure appear at the same day as those from the observation, and some events occur one day ahead, while most weather events and NCEP-Ⅱ temperature interpolated from NCEP-Ⅰ happen one day ahead of those from the observation, which is much important for the study on meteorology and climate changes in the region, and is very valuable from the view of improving the safety of climbers who attempt to climb Mt. Everest.

关键词： Mt. Everest NCEP/NCAR (NCEP-Ⅰ) NCEP-DOE AMIP-Ⅱ (NCEP-Ⅱ) daily minimumtemperature (DMinT) daily mean pressure(DMeanP) High Himalayas

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A new interpolation method for Antarctic surface temperature

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1843-1849页

作者： Yetang Wang~(a,b),Shugui Hou~(b,c,*) a Monitoring Centre of Ocean environment of Shandong Province,Yantai 264006,china b state key laboratory of Cryospheric Science,cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences,lanzhou 73000,china c MOE,key laboratory for Coast and Island Development,School of Geographic and Oceanographic sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,china [a]Monitoring Centre of Ocean environment of Shandong Province Yantai 264006 China [b]state key laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 73000 China [c]MOE Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

We propose a new methodology for the spatial interpolation of annual mean temperature into a regular grid with a geographic resolution of 0.01°for Antarctica by applying a recent compilation of the Antarctic temperature data.A multiple linear regression model of the dependence of temperature on some geographic parameters(i.e.,latitude,longitude,and elevation) is proposed empirically,and the kriging method is used to determine the spatial distribution of regional and local deviations from the temperature calculated from the multiple linear regression *** modeled value and residual grids are combined to derive a high-resolution map of surface air temperature. The performance of our new methodology is superior to a variety of benchmark methods(e.g.,inverse distance weighting,kriging, and spline methods) via cross-validation *** simulation resembles well with those distinct spatial features of surface temperature,such as the decrease in annual mean surface temperature with increasing latitude and the distance away from the coast line; and it also reveals the complex topographic effects on the spatial distribution of surface temperature.

关键词： Surface temperature DEM Antarctica

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Adaptation Management of Mountain Tourism Service: The Case of the Source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow River

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第3期6卷 299-310页

作者： FANG Yiping QIN Dahe DING Yongjian YANG Jianping institute of Mountain Hazards & environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 610041 Chengdu China cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China

Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas.

关键词： adaptation management mountain tourism service (MTS) source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers china

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Temporal variations of δ^(18)O of atmospheric water vapor at Delingha

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第7期51卷 966-975页

作者： YIN ChangLiang1, YAO TanDong2, TIAN LiDe2, LIU DongNian3, YU WuSheng2 & QU DongMei2 1 state key laboratory of Cryoshperic Science, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, china 2 laboratory of environment and Processes, institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china 3 Meteorological Observatory of Haixi Prefecture of Qinghai Province, Delingha 817000, china 1. state key laboratory of Cryoshperic Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. laboratory of environment and Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 3. Meteorological Observatory of Haixi Prefecture of Qinghai Province Delingha 817000 China

Oxygen stable isotope of atmospheric water vapor is widely used to study the modern process of cli- mate. Atmospheric water vapor samples were collected at Dlingha, northeast of Tibetan Plateau during the period from July 2005 to February 2006. The variation of δ18O and the relationships between δ18O and both the temperature and specific humidity are analyzed in this paper. Results show that the sea- sonal variation of δ18O of atmospheric water vapor at Delingha is remarkable with higher δ18O in summer and lower δ18O in winter. The temporal variation of vapor δ18O shows obvious fluctuations, with magnitude of over 37‰. The daily variation of the δ18O is highly correlated with air temperature. The relationship between δ18O and atmospheric water vapor content is complex. Study shows that δ18O of atmospheric water vapor is positively correlated with specific humidity in winter in seasonal scale and inversely correlated with specific humidity in summer rainy period. The δ18O values of at- mospheric water vapor are lower than those of precipitation at Delingha, and the average difference is 10.7‰. Variations of δ18O of atmospheric water vapor is also found to be affected by precipitation events, The model results show that the precipitation effect could have caused the vapor δ18O in the raining season to lower by 7% in average in July and August.

关键词： Delingha δ18O atmospheric water vapor

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Cooling effect of ripped-stone embankments on Qing-Tibet railway under climatic warming

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Science Bulletin 2003年第6期48卷 598-604页

作者： LAI Yuanming1, ZHANG Luxin1 , ZHANG Shujuan1 & MI Long2 1. state key Lab. of frozen soil engineering, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, china 2. Department of Civil engineering, Northern Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, china state key Lab. of frozen soil engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Department of Civil engineering Northern Jiaotong University Beijing China

The heat convection in ballast mass and ripped-stone mass in railway embankments is the problem of heat convection in porous media. In order to calculate the temperature distribution of Qing-Tibet railway embankment, from the governing equations used to study forced convec-tion for incompressible fluids porous media, the finite ele-ment formulae for heat convection in porous media are de-rived by using Galerkin抯 method. The temperature fields of the traditional ballast embankment and the ripped-stone mass embankment, constructed on July 15, have been ana-lyzed and compared under the case that the air temperature in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau will be warmed up by 2.0℃ in the future 50 years. The calculated results indicate that, the permafrost 5 m below the traditional ballast embankment will be thawed in the regions in which the air yearly-average temperature is larger than -3.5℃ or the yearly-average temperature at the native surface is larger than -1℃. The embankment will cause large thawing settlement. The rail-way embankment will be damaged by permafrost degrada-tion. The ripped-stone mass embankment can not only resist the effect of climatic warm up on it but also provide cool energy for the permafrost under it. It can assure permafrost stability and not subjected to thawing. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the ripped-stone mass embankment be taken as the Qing-Tibet railway embankment structure in high-temperature permafrost regions so that permafrost embankment can be protected as possible as we could.

关键词： cooling effect ripped-stone embankment climatic warming.

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Influence of Degree-Day Factor Variation on the Mass Balance of Glacier No. 1 at the Headwaters of ürümqi River,china

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第6期24卷 1008-1022页

作者：崔玉环叶柏生王杰刘友存 state key laboratory of Cryospheric sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences School of Resources and environmental engineering Anhui University key laboratory of Water Resources and environment Tianjin Normal University

The degree-day factor （DDF） is a key parameter in the degree-day model, and the varia- tions in DDF have the significant effects on the accuracy of glacier mass balance modeling. In this study, Glacier No. 1 at the headwaters of Uriimqi （-~O）~Z~=） River in china was selected, and the estimated DDF by stakes-observed mass balance and meteorological data from 1983-2006 was used to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of DDF and its influencing factors, such as climate condition, surface fea- ture, and topography. Then, the ablations from the 1980s to 2000s were estimated using the degree-day modei, and the ablation change from the 1980s to 2000s was divided into the changes caused by climate change and by the ice-surface feature. The following results were obtained：（1） The annual change in DDF for snow was not obvious, whereas that for ice increased, and the increasing trend on the lower glacier was more significant than that on the upper glacier because of decreased albedo caused by vari- ations in ice-surface feature; （2） The DDF for ice clearly decreased with altitude by approximately 0.046 and 0.043 mm.＇C-l-d-Lm-1 on the east and west branches, respectively, and the DDF of the west branch was obviously larger than that of the east branch in the same altitude belt; （3） the changes in mass balance in the summers from the 1980s to 2000s were -391 and -467 mm on the east and west branches, respectively. Among the total changes, the components directly caused by climate change were -193 and -198 mm, whereas those indirectly caused by ice-surface feature change were -198 and -269 mm on the east and west branches, respectively.

关键词： degree-day factor mass balance,Glacier No. 1 climate change.

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Indian monsoon influences altitude effect of δ^(18)O in precipitation/river water on the Tibetan Plateau

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第15期54卷 2724-2731页

作者： YAO TanDong1,2, ZHOU Hang1,3 & YANG XiaoXin1,3 1 key laboratory of Tibetan environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, china 2 state key laboratory of Cryosphere sciences, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, china 3 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china key laboratory of Tibetan environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China state key laboratory of Cryosphere sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

The δ 18O variation in precipitation acquired from 28 stations within the network of Tibetan Observation and research Platform(TORP)is studied, with the focus on the altitude effect of δ 18O in river water during monsoon precipitation in an effort to understand the monsoon influence on isotopic composition in annual river water. It is found that δ 18O in precipitation on the Plateau is influenced by different moisture sources, with significant Indian monsoon influence on δ 18O composition in plateau precipitation and river water. The δ 18O of water bodies in the monsoon domain is generally more depleted than that in the westerly domain, suggesting gradual rainout of southwesterly borne marine moisture in the course of long-distance transportation and lifting over the Himalayas. The lapse rate of δ 18O in river water with altitude is the largest during monsoon precipitation, due to the increased temperature vertical gradient over the southern Plateau region controlled by monsoon circulation. The combination of δ 18O in river water in monsoon (wet) and non-monsoon (dry) seasons shows a larger lapse rate than that in non-monsoon (dry) season alone. As the altitude effect of δ 18O in precipitation and river water on the Tibetan Plateau results from the combined effect of monsoon moisture supply and westerly moisture supply, the δ 18O composition and its altitude effect on the Plateau during monsoon seasons should be considered in the reconstruction of paleoelevation of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词：印度季风青藏高原降水

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STUDY ON TREND PREDICTION AND VARIATION ONTHE FLOW INTO THE LONGYANGXIA RESERVOIR

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chinese Geographical Science 2001年第1期11卷 35-41页

作者： LAN Yong-chao, KANG Er-si, MA Quan-jie, ZHANG Ji-shi (cold and arid regions environment and engineering research institute, the chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, P. R. china lanzhou Administrative Office of Hydrology and Water Resources of t cold and arid regions environment and engineering research institute the Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou P.R. China lanzhou Administrative Office of Hydrology and Water Resources of the Upper Reaches of the Huanghe River Lanzhou P. R. China

The Longyangxia Gorge key Water Control System is the first of the stairstep power sations along the Longyangxi-a-Qingtongxia river section. It has been playing an very important role in providing power, protecting flood and ice run supplying and irrigation etc. in the northwestern china. Therefore, the study on trend prediction, variation on the flow into the Longyangxia Reservoir are of the great social and economic benefits. In the medium-and-long-range runoff forecast, all kinds of regression equation are often used for predicting future hydrologic regime. However, these regression models aren’t appropriate to super long -range runoff forecast because of the restricting on weather data and so on. So a new super long-range runoff forecast model don’t depend on Reai-time weather data and called “Period correcting for residual error series GM (1, 1) model” is presented based on analyzing for the relational hydrologic data and the variation on the flow into the Longyangxia Reservoir, and the forecast model was applied successfully to predict the recent and super long -term trends of the flow into the Longyangxia Reservoir. The results indicate that the annual flow into the Longyangxia Reservoir is in the ending minimum period of the runoff history. The runoff increasing is expected in for the coming years.

关键词： flow variation trend prediction residual error series Longyangxia Reservoir

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Distribution of Borehole Temperature at Four High-altitude Alpine Glaciers in Central Asia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第3期6卷 221-227页

作者： LIU Yaping HOU Shugui WANG Yetang SONG Linlin state key laboratory of Cryospheric sciences Cold andArid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The distribution of borehole temperature at four high-altitude alpine glaciers was investigated. The result shows that the temperature ranges from -13.4℃ to -1.84℃, indicating the glaciers are cold throughout the boreholes. The negative gradient （i.e., the temperature decreasing with the increasing of depth） due to the advection of ice and climate warming, and the negative gradient moving downwards relates to climate warming, are probably responsible for the observed minimum temperature moving to lower depth in boreholes of the Gyabrag glacier and Miaoergou glacier compared to the previously investigated continental ice core borehole temperature in West china. The borehole temperature at 10m depth ranges from -8.0℃ in the Gyabrag glacier in the central Himalayas to -12.9℃ in the Tsabagarav glacier in the Altai range. The borehole temperature at 10 m depth is 3-4 degrees higher than the calculated mean annual air temperature on the surface of the glaciers and the higher 10 m depth temperature is mainly caused by the production of latent heat due to melt-water percolation and refreezing. The basal temperature is far below the melting point, indicating that the glaciers are frozen to bedrock. The very low temperature gradients near the bedrock suggest that the influence of geothermal flux and ice flow on basal temperature is very weak. The low temperature and small velocity of ice flow of glaciers are beneficial for preservation of the chemical and isotopic information in ice cores.

关键词： Borehole temperature Glacier CentralAsia Climate warming

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laboratory test on the combined cooling effect of L-shaped thermosyphons and thermal insulation on high-grade roadway construction in permafrost regions

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research in cold and arid regions 2009年第4期1卷 307-315页

作者： YuanHong Dong,YuanMing Lai,MingYi Zhang,ShuangYang Li state key laboratory of frozen soil engineering,cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute,chinese academy of sciences,lanzhou,Gansu 73.000,china. state key laboratory of frozen soil engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

With the completion of the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway,economic development of related areas has been greatly ***,in return,calls for building or upgrading more roadways,especially high-grade *** cold regions,the thawing of permafrost can induce settlement damage of and even failure to railway (or roadway) *** (self-powered refrigera-tion devices that are used to help keep the permafrost cool) have proved effective in mitigating thaw settlement by maintaining the thermal stability of the ***,for high-grade roadway embankments of great width,stabilizing or cooling ef-fects of traditional geotechnological measures may be *** enhance the cooling effect of thermosyphons,an L-shaped thermosyphon was designed.A laboratory test was carried out to study the combined cooling effect of the L-shaped thermosyphon and thermal insulation applying to roadbed *** angle between the evaporator and condenser sections of the L-shaped thermosyphon is 134 degrees,and the L-shaped thermosyphon was inserted into the soil at an angle of 5 degrees with the road *** tested results show that the L-shaped thermosyphon is effective in removing heat from a roadway in *** the ambient air temperature is lower than the soil temperature,the thermosyphon is active and extracts the heat in the soil around *** the ambient air temperature is higher than the soil temperature,the thermosyphon is inactive,and no heat is in-jected into the soil through the L-shaped *** to embankments with straight thermosyphons,the inner parts of the embankments with L-shaped thermosyphons were significantly *** is hoped that the present study would be useful to the application of L-shaped thermosyphons in the construction of high-grade roadways in cold regions.

关键词： L-shaped thermosyphon thermal insulation cooling effect foundation soils high-grade roadway

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