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黄河源区景观格局与生态功能的动态变化

生态学报 2002年第10期22卷 1587-1598页

作者：王根绪郭晓寅程国栋中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室兰州730000

利用 2 0世纪 70年代、80年代与 90年代三期遥感资料 ,选取有代表性的 9个有关度量景观空间结构与景观异质性的定量指标 ,通过 FRAGSTATS计算方法 ,系统研究了黄河源区景观生态结构与景观格局变化 ,表明在近 30 a来 ,区域景观空间格局... 详细信息

利用 2 0世纪 70年代、80年代与 90年代三期遥感资料 ,选取有代表性的 9个有关度量景观空间结构与景观异质性的定量指标 ,通过 FRAGSTATS计算方法 ,系统研究了黄河源区景观生态结构与景观格局变化 ,表明在近 30 a来 ,区域景观空间格局趋于破碎化和多样化 ,其形成与发展的主要内在因素是高寒稀疏化草原草地、黑土化与杂类草草地和沙化草地等景观类型的迅速发展 ,其景观面积分别增加了 384 .1 6 %、6 6 .6 3%和 4 2 1 .0 9% ;选取景观生物生产力、景观土壤养分、景观植被覆盖度等景观功能的表征参数 ,提出了景观格局动态演变下分析景观功能变化的定量方法及其数学模型。在明确近 30 a来区域景观格局演变特征的基础上 ,研究了黄河源区不同时段不同景观类型间生态功能的转移流动特征及其区域生态环境效应 ,表明 :近 30 a来 ,黄河源区景观功能变化强烈 ;区域景观动态演变将形成区域内部景观功能向减退与增强两个方向的变化 ,两个方向的强度均衡将形成区域整体生态功能的特征。研究区域景观格局的动态变化所引起的区域生态功能演变特征。

关键词：黄河源区景观格局生态功能动态变化

Black Carbon Deposition and High Asia Glaciers

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Black Carbon Deposition and High Asia Glaciers

Current developments of research on permafrost engineering and cold region environment:a report of the 8^(th) International Symposium on Permafrost engineering

强化科技基础推进气象现代化——第29届中国气象学会年会

作者： Jing Ming1, 2, Cunde Xiao2, Zhencai Du3, Xingguo Yang2 1 china National Climate Center (CNCC), Beijing 100081, china 2 state key laboratory of Cryospheric sciences (SKLCS), cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china 3 institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china

Black carbon (BC) is now concerned as one of the most significant factors impacting environment and climate mainly from anthropogenic activities. One aspect of its impacts is that the accelerated snow and ice in nature when BC is deposited in their surfaces. Since 2000, 18 High Asia glaciers have been surveyed for black carbon deposition 22 times, and numerous snow samples and ice cores have been collected by researchers. However, most of the results were interpreted individually in papers. Here, we assemble the data and discuss the distribution of BC deposition and its impacts on the melting of the glaciers through radiative forcing. We find that BC distribution on the surfaces of High Asia glaciers primarily depends upon their elevations (i.e., higher sites have lower concentrations) and then on regional BC emissions associated with surface melting conditions. BC concentrations in High Asia glaciers are similar to the Arctic and western American mountains but are significantly less than heavy industrialized areas such as northern china. Although Himalayan glaciers, which are important due to their water resources, are directly facing the strong emissions from South Asia, their mean BC is the lowest due to high elevations. A new finding indicated by ice core records suggested great valleys in the eastern Himalayan section are effective pathways for BC entering the Tibetan Plateau and makes increasing BC trends in the local glaciers. On average, BC deposition causes a mean forcing of ～6 W m-2 (roughly estimated 5% of the total forcing) in High Asia glaciers and therefore may not be a major factor impacting the melting of most glaciers.

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research in cold and arid regions 2010年第2期2卷 93-103页

作者： FuJun Niu 1,2,GuoYu Li 1,ShuPing Zhao 1,ShuJuan Zhang 1,YongGuo Zhao 2,HuiJun Jin 1 1.state key laboratory of Frozen Soil engineering,cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute,chinese academy of sciences,lanzhou,Gansu Province 730000,china 2.key laboratory of Highway Construction and Maintenance Technology for Permafrost regions of Ministry of Communications,CCCC First Highway Consultants Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi Province 710068,china chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst State Key Lab Frozen Soil Engn Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China CCCC First Highway Consultants Co Ltd Permafrost Reg Minist Commun Key Lab Highway Construct & Maintenance Technol Xian 710068 Shaanxi Peoples R China

The Eighth International Symposium on Permafrost engineering was held in Xi’an,china,October *** major topics discussed in the symposium included:permafrost engineering (involving design,construction and evaluation);mitigation of frost hazards in the regions affected by seasonally frozen ground;properties of frozen soils,model development and their applications;frost hazards and periglacial environments in mountain and plateau regions;climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes;and permafrost hydrology,cold regions water resources and land *** papers submitted to the symposium and lectures during the meeting represented some new developments of research on cold region engineering and *** we summarized the works of the symposium in topics including:Permafrost engineering;General geocryology;Properties of frozen soils:model development and their applications;And climatic,environmental and cryospheric *** the symposium,the attendees pointed out that future studies should pay more attention to theoretical study and engineering mechanism study,and also on interaction between climate change and cold region environments and their engineering affects.

关键词： the 8th symposium permafrost engineering cold region environment summarizing

The research of three-dimensional numerical simulation of groundwater-flow: taking the Ejina Basin, Northwest china as example

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research in cold and arid regions 2009年第3期1卷 238-248页

作者： Qi Feng 1,2, HaiYang Xi 1, Wei Liu 1,3, JianHua Si 1,2, ZongQiang Chang 1,2, YongHong Su 1,2 1. cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou, Gansu 730000, china. 2. Alashan Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental research Station, lanzhou, Gansu 730000, china. 3. state key laboratory of Hydrosciences and engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, china. chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst 320 West Donggang Rd Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China Alashan Desert Ecohydrol Expt Res Stn Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Water is a primary controlling factor for economic development and ecological environmental protection in the inland river basins of arid western china. And it is groundwater, as the most important component of total water resources, that plays a dominant role in the development of western china. In recent years, the use-ratio of surface water has been raised, the groundwater recharge rate from surface water has been reduced, and groundwater has been exploited on a large scale. This has led to the decline of ground-water levels and the degradation of eco-environments in the Heihe watershed. Therefore, the study on the change in groundwater levels in recent years, as well as simulating and predicting groundwater levels in the future, have become very significant for im-proving the ecological environment of the Heihe River Basin, to coordinate the water contradiction among upper, middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin and to allocate the water resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the groundwa-ter-level variations of the Ejina region based on a large scale, to develop and evaluate a conceptual groundwater model in Ejina Basin, to establish the groundwater flow model using the experimental observation data and combining Modular Three-Dimensional Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) and GIS software, to simulate the regional hydrologic regime in re-cent 10 years and compare various water-delivery scenarios from midstream, and to determine which one would be the best plan for maintaining and recovering the groundwater levels and increasing the area of Ejina oasis. Finally this paper discusses the pos-sible vegetation changes of Ejina Basin in the future.

关键词： groundwater flow model Ejina Basin MODFLOW Heihe River

Changes of Four Selected Glaciers in The Tomor Region,Tian Shan,Central Asia Using High-Resolution Remote Sense Image Together with Field Survey,From 1964 to 2009

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Changes of Four Selected Glaciers in The Tomor Region,Tian S...

博斯腾湖流域山区地表径流对近期气候变化的响应

地理学核心问题与主线——中国地理学会2011年学术年会暨中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所建所五十年庆典

作者： Puyu Wang~1 Zhongqin Li~(1,2) Huilin Li~1 Wenbin Wang~1 Min Cao~2 (1 state key laboratory of cryosphere Science/ Tianshan Glaciological Station,cold and arid Region environment and engineering research institute,lanzhou 730000, china 2 College of Geography and environment Science, Northwest Normal University,lanzhou 730070)

As the major water resource of the Tarim River, glaciers in the Tomor region have suffered major losses of ice in the last several *** on comparing topographic maps,high-resolution remote sense image and the field survey data,spatially distributed changes of ice-surface elevation,terminus position and area of four selected glaciers in the Tomor region(Qingbingtan glacier No.72,Qingbingtan glacier No.74,Keqikekuzibayi glacier and Tomor glacier) over the period 1964-2009 have been computed in this *** ice surface-elevation changes of Qingbingtan glacier No.72 had been studied by comparing DEMs derived at different *** approach allowed the determination of ice surface-elevation changes between 1964 and 2008,yielding a mean thinning rate of-0.22±0.14 m a-1 for the tongue *** 1964 to 2009,Qingbingtan glacier No.72,Qingbingtan glacier No.74,Keqikekuzibayi glacier and Tomor glacier retreated by 1852 m,1350 m,985 m and 135 m with an annual retreat of 41.1 m,30.0 m,22.9 m and 3.0 m,respectively. The 21.5%,14.7%,4.1%and 0.3%area reduction as observed over the past 0 years corresponds to the area reduction rate of 0.034 km2 a-1,0.031 km2 a-1,0.041 km2 a-1 and 0.021 km2 a-1 for Qingbingtan glacier No.72, Qingbingtan glacier No.74,Keqikekuzibayi glacier and Tomor glacier,*** dramatic ice thinning and the related terminus retreat and area loss of the four glaciers suggests that glaciers in the Tomor region might currently be suffering negative mass balance in response to the ongoing climatic changes,especially the temperature rising, as well as debris cover would not prevent the glaciers from a fast reaction to climate forcing.

关键词： GPS ice surface-elevation change glacier change climate change

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山地学报 2010年第2期28卷 206-211页

作者：孙占东 Christian Opp 王润高前兆中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室马尔堡大学地理系中国科学院城市环境研究所中国科学院寒区与旱区环境与工程研究所

近年来,在全球和区域气候变化影响下,新疆博斯腾湖主要产流区开都河出山径流呈现异常波动,引起气候变化研究的关注。鉴于产流区复杂地形和径流补给特征以及传统观测资料的不足,借助雷达、微波及可见光等多源遥感数据从山区降水、积雪和... 详细信息

近年来,在全球和区域气候变化影响下,新疆博斯腾湖主要产流区开都河出山径流呈现异常波动,引起气候变化研究的关注。鉴于产流区复杂地形和径流补给特征以及传统观测资料的不足,借助雷达、微波及可见光等多源遥感数据从山区降水、积雪和冰川等方面与出山径流变化关系进行比较来揭示径流突变原因。结果表明,产流区平均径流深与降水量关系的转变是引起出山径流异常波动直接原因;进一步的冰川变化分析显示,径流深的波动主要由冰川融水径流变化引起:20世纪80年代中期后的温度上升加速了山顶冰川消融,导致1987～2002年的径流增加和湖泊水位升高;1984～2000年间,流域山顶冰川面积消退近40%,随着分布在较低海拔,对温度升高最敏感的中小冰川的消失,冰雪消融带来的径流增加效应开始减弱;2002年后,在流域气温、降水等变化并不显著的情况下,出山径流量却急剧降低,反映了特定冰川分布条件地区在气候变暖中融水径流先升后降的现象。

关键词：天山博斯腾湖气候变化地表径流水文响应

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论青藏铁路修筑中的冻土环境保护问题

水文地质工程地质 2002年第4期29卷 14-16,20页

作者：吴青柏施斌南京大学地球科学系地球环境计算工程研究所

本文通过研究已建青藏公路修筑过程中寒区冻土环境和生态环境的破坏特征 ,分析总结了寒区环境破坏对公路工程的影响。青藏公路工程修建活动极大地改变了冻土环境 ,使得多年冻土退化 ,上限加深 ,诱发了一系列冻胀、融沉、热融滑塌等冻融... 详细信息

本文通过研究已建青藏公路修筑过程中寒区冻土环境和生态环境的破坏特征 ,分析总结了寒区环境破坏对公路工程的影响。青藏公路工程修建活动极大地改变了冻土环境 ,使得多年冻土退化 ,上限加深 ,诱发了一系列冻胀、融沉、热融滑塌等冻融灾害 ,使得生态环境原本就很脆弱的寒区环境更加恶化 ,如植被退化、荒漠化等 ,同时 ,冻土环境的破坏也使得工程环境恶化 ,直接影响青藏公路正常交通运输。因此 ,在即将进行的青藏铁路修筑工程中 ,必须深入研究其对冻土环境的影响 ,对冻土环境问题和环境保护应予以足够的重视。

关键词：青藏铁路冻土环境冻融灾害荒漠化冻胀融沉植被退化

祁连山区草原畜牧业的可持续发展问题与发展模式

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山地学报 2001年第6期19卷 516-521页

作者：周立华樊胜岳张明军程国栋中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000

以祁连山区的肃南县为实验基地 ,通过对山区生态保护和经济发展之间现存问题的分析 ,提出了以草原管理、牲畜繁育和产业发展为主要内容的山区草原畜牧业发展模式。它突破了山区的地域限制 ,将山区与山下绿洲作为一个完整的生态—经济耦... 详细信息

以祁连山区的肃南县为实验基地 ,通过对山区生态保护和经济发展之间现存问题的分析 ,提出了以草原管理、牲畜繁育和产业发展为主要内容的山区草原畜牧业发展模式。它突破了山区的地域限制 ,将山区与山下绿洲作为一个完整的生态—经济耦合系统 ,使用跨学科的方法 ,将山区草原的生态保护与农户的经济增长兼容起来 ,从而成为山区草原畜牧业的一个可持续发展模式

关键词：祁连山区草原畜牧业可持续发展模式

Sedimentary cycles of trace elements in Salawusu River Valley since 150 ka BP

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2002年第1期12卷 65-71页

作者： YAO Chun-xia1,2, LI Bao-sheng1,2, JIN He-ling3, David Dian Zhang4, YAN Man-cun5, ZHU Yi-zhi2, LI Hou-xin1, ZHANG Yu-hong1, Luo Kai-li1 (1. Dept. of Geography, South china Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, china 2. state key laboratory of Loess Dept. of Geography South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute CAS Lanzhou 730000 Dept. of Geography and Geology Hong Kong University 香港 Dept. of Hydraulic engineering Tsinghua University 北京 100084 institute of Earth environment CAS State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quarternary GeologyCAS Xi'an 710061

The paper makes some analyses on 11 trace elements in the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in the Salawusu River valley, which is regarded as a prototype geology-palaeoclimate record since 150 ka BP. The results show that the content and variation of trace elements has experienced remarkably regular changes in the pace with coarse and fine sedimentary cycles of palaeo-aeolian sands to its overlying fluvio-lacustrine facies or/and palaeosols. The trace elements with chemical properties of relatively active (V, Sr, Cu, Ni, As) and relatively stable (P, Pb, Rb, Mn, Nb, Zr) are a manifestation of the corresponding 27 changeable cycles between peak and valley values, appearing a multi-fiuctuational process line of relative gathering and migration since then. The low numerical value distribution of these two types of trace elements in the aeolian sand facies represents erosion and accumulation under wind force during the cold-dry climate. Whereas their enrichments in both fluvio-lacustrine facies and palaeosols are related to the valley’s special low-lying physiognomic position between the Ordos Plateau and the Loess Plateau under the warm and humid climate conditions. The above relatively migrated and gathered change of the trace elements is the result of 27 climatic cycles of cold-dry and warm-humid, which is probably caused by repeated alternations of winter monsoon and summer monsoon in the Mu Us Sandy Land influenced by the climate vicissitudes in northern hemisphere during glacial and interglacial periods since 150 ka BP.

关键词： Salawusu River valley Milanggouwan section cycle trace elements 150 ka BP palaeoclimate