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Prevalence and predictors of smartphone addiction and insomnia among nurses working in the outpatient department after the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2023年第4期5卷 273-279页

作者： Manisha MEHRA Poonam JOSHI Surya Kant TIWARI Praveen AGGRAWAL Kamlesh CHANDELIA Srinithya raghavan Department of Nursing Services All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia College of Nursing All India Institute of Medical SciencesKalyaniWest BengalIndia College of Nursing All India Institute of Medical SciencesRaebareliUttar PradeshIndia Department of Emergency Medicine All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Department of In-Service Education All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia

Objectives:The present study aims to assess the prevalence and predictors of smartphone addiction and insomnia among nurses working in the outpatient department(OPD)after the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** and Methods:A descriptive,cross-sectional study was carried out among 117 OPD nurses between October and December 2021 using a purposive sampling *** self-reported standardized scales,the Smartphone Addiction Scale-ShortVersion and Insomnia Severity Index were ***–Smirnov test,Mann–Whitney U,and Kruskal–Wallis Htest were ***’s correlation and Scatter plot were used to determine the relationship between the study variables.A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was also ***:The majority of participants had slight smartphone addiction(78.6%)and suffered from sub-threshold to severe forms of insomnia(73.5%).A significant mild positive correlation was found between smartphone addiction and insomnia(r=0.195,P<0.05).Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis predicted factors such as female gender and exposure to smartphones for more than 5 years influencing smartphone addiction.A strong influence of exposure to the smartphone for more than 5 years was found on insomnia ***:Smartphone addiction and insomnia were identified problems among nurses working in the OPD after the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic,requiring an urgent need to identify and manage various factors responsible for smartphone addiction and insomnia such as female gender and years of exposure to smartphones.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019 insomnia nurses sleeping disturbances smartphone addiction

Approximate Analytical Expressions for the Concentrations of Acetate and Methane in the Microbial Electrochemical Cell

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Natural Science 2016年第4期8卷 196-210页

作者： Sivasamy Pavithra Lakshmanan Rajendran raghavan Ashokan Department of Mathematics Sethu Institute of Technology Kariapatti India Department of Mathematics Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai India

Mathematical modeling of microbial electrochemical cells (MXCs) for both microbial fuel cell and microbial electrolysis cell is discussed. The model is based on the system of reaction diffusion of reaction-diffusion equation containing a non-linear term related to substrate consumption rates by electrogeneic and methanogenic microorganism in the bioflim. This paper presents the approximate analytical method to solve the non-linear differential equation that describes the diffusion coupled with acetate (substrate) consumption rates. Simple analytical expressions for the concentrations of acetate and methane have been derived for all experimental values of bulk concentration, distributions of microbial volume fraction, local potential in the biofilm and biofilm thickness. In addition, sensitivity of the parameters on concentrations is also discussed. Our analytical results are also validated with the numerical results and limiting cases results. Further, a graphical procedure for estimating the kinetic parameters is also suggested.

关键词： Mathematical Modeling Microbial Fuel and Electrolysis Cells Waste Water Treatment Boundary Value Problems Non Linear Equations

Compact Metamaterial Antenna with High Directivity for Bio-Medical Systems

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第12期7卷 4036-4045页

作者： Bose Anandhimeena Palavesanadar Thiruvalar Selvan Singaravelu raghavan Anna University-University College of Engineering Dindigul India TRP Engineering College Tiruchirappalli India National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli India

In this paper, high directive antenna using metamaterial property is presented for wireless medical systems. The antenna is constructed by semi-circular patch and hexagonal closed ring resonator (HCRR). For medical applications such as wireless patient movement monitoring, telemetry and telemedicine, communication devices working at ISM band frequency is needed. Here, the requirement is completed with improved directivity such as 16 dBi. And also impedance matching also achieved with low reflection loss -20 dB. This antenna works for multiple frequency bands (Industrial, Scientific and Medical-ISM 2.45 GHz, WLAN 5.3 GHz and GSM 1.9 GHz) with improved directivity.

关键词： Double Negative Metamaterial Back Propagation Hexagonal Closed Ring Resonators

Significance of Impurity Mineral Identification in the Value Addition of Kaolin – A Case Study with Reference to an Acidic Kaolin from India

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2011年第11期10卷 1007-1025页

作者： S. Ramaswamy P. raghavan National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Industrial Estate P.O Thiruvananthapuram-695 019 Kerala India

Kaolin or china clay is a versatile industrial mineral with wide technological applications and is abundantly available in India. The major mineral in kaolin is kaolinite (Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O). The common ancillary / impurity minerals occurring with kaolin include parent rocks like feldspar and mica, quartz, ferruginous, titanoferrous and carbonaceous materials. The most deleterious impurities in kaolin are iron minerals which imparts colour to the white kaolin. Iron exists as oxides, hydroxides, oxy hydroxides, sulphides and carbonates along with iron stained quartz/anatase and mica in kaolin. Kaolin finds extensive applications in paper, paint, rubber, ceramics, plastics etc. One of the highest value additions for kaolin is as pigment in paper and paint industries. The optical properties are important for pigment applications and removal of the iron impurity is very important to improve this property. Extensive research has been carried out on the nature of iron impurities present in kaolin, which leads to the conclusion that iron is present as a part of the kaolinite or ancillary mineral (mica or titania) structure, which can be termed as “structural iron” or as independent iron minerals such as oxides, hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, sulphides and carbonates, which can be termed as “free iron” [1]. The present paper discusses the iron speciation studies carried out on a typical china clay sample collected from Koraput district of Orissa State in the Union of India. Studies have shown that the major impurity mineral species is in “pyritic” (Iron sulphide) form along with other hydroxides, oxyhydoxides and oxides of Iron. Presence of limonite is also observed in the sample. The identification/quantification of the impurity minerals have played a crucial role in the selection / modification and sequentialisation of beneficiation processes and subsequent processing studies have shown that the sample can be value added to ceramic grade.

关键词： Kaolin Impurity minerals Beneficiation Pyrite Value addition

Laser sintering of carbon nanotube-reinforced ceramic nanocomposites

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2011年第4期2卷 219-229页

作者： Yibo Gao Fei Liang Gregory Freihofer Benxin Wu Bharathi Mohan Seetha raghavan Jihua Gou Shuyou Li Brian Albee Sandra Whaley Bishnoi Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL 60616USA University of Central Florida OrlandoFL 32816USA Northwestern University EvanstonIL 60208USA

The fabrication of carbon nanotube(CNT)-reinforced ceramic nanocomposites through laser sintering has been rarely studied,and the fabrication feasibility has been rarely *** sintering is a flexible,localized and high-precision process,which can also potentially produce coatings or parts with complicated shapes and/or spatially controlled ***,compared with other technologies laser sintering has its own *** investigations reported in this paper have confirmed the feasibility of fabricating CNT-reinforced ceramic nanocomposites through laser sintering of ceramic nanoparticles and *** studies show that laser sintering can induce the agglomeration of ceramic nanoparticles into a relatively more continuous ceramic phase,and during the sintering process CNTs are well preserved without any obvious quality degradation,and they are also bonded with the ceramic phase after laser sintering.

关键词： laser sintering carbon nanotube reinforcement ceramic nanocomposite

Event-based hydrology and sedimentation in paired watersheds under commercial eucalyptus and grasslands in the Brazilian Pampa biome

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第2期9卷 180-194页

作者： Ederson Diniz Ebling Jose Miguel Reichert Jhon Jairo Zuluaga Pelaez Miriam Fernanda Rodrigues Mirian Lago Valente Rosane Barbosa Lopes Cavalcante Paolo Reggiani raghavan Srinivasan Soils Department Universidade Federal de Santa MariaAvenida Roraima1000 Bairro CamobiSanta MariaRS97105-900Brazil Corporacion Colombiana de Investigacion Agropecuaria(AGROSAVIA) Centro de Investigacion NataimaEspinalColombia CMPC Celulose Riograndense Rua Sao Geraldo1680GuaibaRS92500-000Brazil Department of Civil Engineering University of SiegenPaul Bonatz Strasse 9-11Siegen D57068Germany Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&M University(TAMU)534 John Kimbrough Blvd.Room 305College StationTX77843-2120USA Current address:Instituto Tecnologico Vale.Rua Boaventura da Silva 955UmarizalBelemPABrazil.

Ecological and hydrological impacts are expected when watersheds are under commercial *** this study we evaluated event-based hydrology and sedimentation in paired watersheds under commercial eucalyptus and grasslands ***,suspended sediment concentration,and sediment production were measured and simulated with the Limburg Soil Erosion Model(LISEM)in paired hydrographic watersheds located in southern Brazil;one occupied with 7-years old Eucalyptus saligna plantation(forest watershed-FW;0.83 km^(2))and another Pampa biome with native and exotic grasses used for beef cattle production(grassland watershed-GW;1.10 km^(2)).The effect of rainfall on hydrological and sedimentological variables was more evident in GW compared with *** shape of the hydrograph was steepest in GW,with rapid,marked increase and decrease in flow during *** parameters changed for model calibration in FW and GW were soil saturated hydraulic conductivity,initial soil moisture,and Manning roughness coefficient,whereby the statistical performance was classified as good(NSE>0.75).Fourteen events different from those used in the calibration process were validated for FW and GW,with NSE index classified as“good”and“very good”for *** study shows limitations of LISEM in calibrating and validating the sediment yield for individual events due to the spatial variability of factors controlling soil *** validated modeling results of this study may be applied in simulating soil and crop scenarios in watersheds cultivated with commercial forest and grassland for grazing.

关键词： Southern grasslands Paired watersheds Runoff Erosion LISEM

Relative contribution of dynamic and thermodynamic components on Southeast Asia future precipitation changes from different multi-GCM ensemble members

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第5期15卷 869-882页

作者： Sheau Tieh NGAI Srivatsan V.raghavan Jing Xiang CHUNG Bhenjamin Jordan ONA Lucian Taft KIMBRELL Ngoc Son NGUYEN Thanh-Hung NGUYEN Sen-Feng LIU Tropical Marine Science Institute National University of SingaporeSingapore 119227Singapore Faculty of Science and Marine Environment Universiti Malaysia TerengganuKuala NerusTerengganu 2030Malaysia Department of Geography Faculty of Arts and Social ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119227Singapore Donghai Laboratory ZhoushanZhejiang 316021China

To address the gap in understanding precipitation changes in Southeast Asia and to enhance the reliability of climate projections for the region through moisture budget analysis,this study examines the differences among six multi-model ensembles of CMIP6 simulated precipi-tation in term of moisture budget *** investigates the relative contributions of thermodynamic and dynamic components to seasonal precipitation changes over Southeast Asia under the highest emission scenario,*** comparison between ensembles indicates that Good performance model ensembles slightly outperform the combination of all resolution and all category ensembles in reducing the *** is no strong evidence showing that good category ensembles outperform the combination of all model ensemble groups in simulating the spatial pattern of historical seasonal *** the perspective of moisture budget,regions receiving seasonal high rainfall intensity are mainly influenced by the moisture convergence during the monsoon seasons:northeast monsoon(December-January-February)and southwest monsoon(June-July-August).By the late 21st century(2081-2100),all model ensemble projections show an increase in December-January-February precipitation over the northern Southeast Asia and decreased June-July-August rainfall in the southern *** moisture budget analysis explained that the seasonal mean rainfall change in Southeast Asia is largely influenced by evaporation and followed by moisture flux *** changes in moisture flux convergence are contributed by both the dynamic and thermodynamic *** inter-model uncertainty was found in the precipitation dynamic component compared to the thermodynamic component suggesting the existence of large discrepancy between the various approaches used by GCMs in describing atmospheric *** study highlights that the Good model ensemble with middle to low resolution is able to narrow the inter-model uncertai

关键词： Moisture budget Precipitation Future change CMIP6 Southeast Asia

Suspension electrospinning of decellularized extracellular matrix: A new method to preserve bioactivity

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第11期41卷 640-656页

作者： Sarah Jones Sabrina VandenHeuvel Andres Luengo Martinez Ruchi Birur Eric Burgeson Isabelle Gilbert Aaron Baker Matthew Wolf Shreya A.raghavan Simon Rogers Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL61820USA Cancer Biomaterials Engineering Section Cancer Innovation LaboratoryCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMD21702USA

Decellularized extracellular matrices (dECM) have strong regenerative potential as tissue engineering scaffolds;however, current clinical options for dECM scaffolds are limited to freeze-drying its native form into sheets. Electrospinning is a versatile scaffold fabrication technique that allows control of macro- and microarchitecture. It remains challenging to electrospin dECM, which has led researchers to either blend it with synthetic materials or use enzymatic digestion to fully solubilize the dECM. Both strategies reduce the innate bioactivity of dECM and limit its regenerative potential. Herein, we developed a new suspension electrospinning method to fabricate a pure dECM fibrous mesh that retains its innate bioactivity. Systematic investigation of suspension parameters was used to identify critical rheological properties required to instill “spinnability,” including homogenization, concentration, and particle size. Homogenization enhanced particle interaction to impart the requisite elastic behavior to withstand electrostatic drawing without breaking. A direct correlation between concentration and viscosity was observed that altered fiber morphology;whereas, particle size had minimal impact on suspension properties and fiber morphology. The versatility of this new method was demonstrated by electrospinning dECM with three common decellularization techniques (Abraham, Badylak, Luo) and tissue sources (intestinal submucosa, heart, skin). Bioactivity retention after electrospinning was confirmed using cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and macrophage polarization assays. Collectively, these findings provide a framework for researchers to electrospin dECM for diverse tissue engineering applications.

关键词： Electrospinning Extracellular matrix Biological scaffolds

Reconstruction of Turbulent Swirling Flow in a Dump Combustor

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2013年第7期3卷 414-420页

作者： Saad A. Ahmed Bharath V. raghavan Mechanical Engineering Department College of Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 UAE

Experimental data of the continuous evolution of fluid flow characteristics in a dump combustor is very useful and essential for better and optimum designs of gas turbine combustors and ramjet engines. Unfortunately, experimental techniques such as 2D and/or 3D LDV （Laser Doppler Velocimetry） measurements provide only limited discrete information at given points; especially, for the cases of complex flows such as dump combustor swirling flows. For this type of flows, usual numerical interpolating schemes appear to be unsuitable. Recently, neural networks have emerged as viable means of expanding a finite data set of experimental measurements to enhance better understanding of a particular complex phenomenon. This study showed that generalized feed forward network is suitable for the prediction of turbulent swirling flow characteristics in a model dump combustor. These techniques are proposed for optimum designs of dump combustors and ramjet engines.

关键词： Swirling flow dump combustors generalized feed forward network.