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Hydrochemistry of Rara Lake: A Ramsar lake from the southern slope of the central Himalayas,Nepal

Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第1期18卷 141-158页

作者： KAPHLE Binija WANGJun-bo KAI Jin-lei LYU Xin-miao PAUDAYAL Khum Narayan adhikari Subash Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes(TEL) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Central Department of Geology Tribhuvan UniversityKritipurKathmandu 44600Nepal

High-altitude Himalayan lakes act as natural storage for environmental evidence related to climate change and environmental factors.A great number of lakes are distributed in the southern slope area of the central Himalayas;however,research concerning the hydrochemical processes of these lakes is still ***,we present a comprehensive study on the water chemistry of the lake waters and the inlet stream waters from Rara Lake in western Nepal based upon samples collected in November *** p H,dissolved oxygen,chlorophyll-aconcentration(chl-a),water temperature,electric conductivity(EC)and total dissolved solids(TDS)were measured in situ,and the concentrations of major ions(Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),K^(+),Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and NO_(3)^(-))were analyzed in the *** results revealed that the water in Rara Lake is slightly alkaline,with p H values ranging from *** cations,in decreasing order of concentration in the lake water,are Ca^(2+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+)>Na^(+)with average concentrations of20.64 mg·L^(-1),11.78 mg·L^(-1),1.48 mg·L^(-1) and 0.72 mg·L^(-1),respectively;the order and concentrations for the anions is HCO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Cl^(-)>NO_(3)^(-),with average concentrations of 122.15 mg·L-1,2.15 mg·L-1,0.46mg·L-1 and 0.55 mg·L-1,*** dominant cation and anion in the lake water are Ca2+and HCO3-and they account for 48.14%and 71.8%of the totals,*** range of lake water TDS is from 95mg·L^(-1) to 98 mg·L^(-1),with an average of 96.85 mg·L^(-1).The high ratio of(Ca^(2+)+Mg^(2+))to total cations and the low ratio of(Na^(+)+K^(+))to total cations indicate that Rara Lake receives ions from rock weathering,especially from carbonate ***,Gibbs boomerang diagrams and Piper diagrams also support the hydrochemistry of Rara Lake as being dominated by rock-weathering ***,other statistical analysis tools,such as Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and correlation strongly suggest the dominance of weather

关键词： Water quality profiling Major ions Rock weathering Anthropogenic Rara Lake Himalayas

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Political governance in China's state-owned enterprises

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2022年第2期15卷 68-96页

作者： Xiankun Jin Liping Xu Yu Xin Ajay adhikari School of Business Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina Kogod School of Business American UniversityUnited States

State-owned enterprises(SOEs)are both the economic and political bases of the Chinese Communist Party(the Party)and the Chinese *** overarching principle of SOE reform is to firmly implement the Party’s leadership and the modern enterprise *** principle creates a political governance system in China’s SOEs—a Party-dominated governance system characterized by Party leadership,state ownership,Party cadre management,Party participation in corporate decision-making,and intra-Party *** survey explains the logic of political governance in China’s SOEs,presents the evolution and current practices of each element of the system,and discusses findings from both academic research and the field.

关键词： Political Governance Party Leadership State-Owned Enterprises

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Analysis of the Statistical Behaviour of Daily Maximumand Monthly Rainfall Data at New DelhiDuring Monsoon Period

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2002年第3期19卷 425-432页

作者： C. V. Singh R. S. adhikari H. P. Garg Centre of Energy Studies Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas 110 016 New Delhi India

A statistical analysis of monthly mean and daily maximum rainfall data at New Delhi during the mon-soon (June-September) period 1940-1980 is presented. It has been observed that a good correlation exists between the monthly and daily maximum rainfall. A linear regression analysis of the data is found to be sig nificant for all the four months. Some key statistical parameters like the mean values of Coefficient of Vari ability (CV), Relative Variability (RV) and Percentage Interannual Variability (PIV) have been studied and found to be at variance. However, their corresponding ratios between mean daily maximum and mean monthly rainfall are significantly lower.

关键词： Monsoon rainfall Coefficient of variability Relative variability Percentage interannual varia-bility

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Role of Breastfeeding in Promoting Maternal &Child Health and Policy Implications in New Zealand

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Health 2016年第1期8卷 75-82页

作者： adhikari Ramil Massey University Wellington New Zealand

Worldwide researches over infant’s health have generally focused and aimed on understanding the complex factors (both positive and negative) affecting the infant’s health which further had ultimately helped them to frame policies nationally as well as internationally. Out of these factors, breastfeeding is one of the vital concerns for research related to infant mortality and morbidity. The World Health Organization recommends that infants should be exclusively breastfed until first six months and receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods thereafter while breastfeeding continues for up to two years of age or beyond. In New Zealand (NZ), only 12% of 6 months old children were exclusively breastfed in 2006. The Ministry of Health plays a leading role for the protection, promotion and supporting breastfeeding in NZ. There are a number of areas/implications that NZ need to focus at such as providing antenatal and postpartum education, training of health professionals, community and workplace support, policy frameworks, breast-feeding statistics and intersectoral approach. These measures mainly focus at the initiation but less has been done to continue and support breastfeeding in NZ. In order to achieve this, all of these areas should be given prime and equal consideration. Hence, there is a strong need to develop strategies that maintain and promote breastfeeding at 6 months or beyond in NZ taking into considerations of various barriers and enabling factors.

关键词： Breastfeeding Benefits Barriers Policy Implications

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Temporal Dynamics of Land Use and Water Quality in Three Sub-Catchments of the Rur River, Germany

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第8期8卷 36-47页

作者： Sristika adhikari IHE-Institute of Water Education Delft The Netherlands

The Rur catchment has over time undergone land use change which could have affected the biogeochemical processes of the river. Three sub-catchments in the Rur, Upper Rur, Inde and Wurm have different kinds of land use. Upper Rur is more natural catchment;Inde is mixed type and Wurm is highly modified by anthropogenic activities. This study investigated how land use changes from 2000 to 2018 have influenced SO4 and Cl dynamics in the Rur catchment. Land use maps were developed in QGIS environment for land use change calculation. Historical water quality data were collected from the online public source by Ministry of Environment and Nature Conservation in Germany. R-software was used for statistical analysis and graphical presentation. Less land use change was observed in the Upper Rur between 2000 to 2018. But in the Inde and Wurm decrease in agricultural land and associated increase in industrial, commercial and urban land were observed. Increase in mining area inside the catchment has enhanced the level of SO4 and EC in the Inde river. Conversion rates of natural to human dominated land use could be quantified in this study through land use change mapping, which will further help in making water management plan for these and comparable German and European catchments. However, high quality historical data se

关键词： Agriculture Catchment Land Use Change Season Urban Water Quality

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Nonpolar Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)N/Al_(y)Ga_(1−y)N multiple quantum wells on GaN nanowire for UV emission

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Nano Research 2022年第8期15卷 7670-7680页

作者： Sonachand adhikari Olivier Lee Cheong Lem Felipe Kremer Kaushal Vora Frank Brink Mykhaylo Lysevych Hark Hoe Tan Chennupati Jagadish Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory 2601Australia Semiconductor Device Fabrication Group CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research InstitutePilaniRajasthan 333031India Australian National Fabrication Facility ACT Node Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory 2601Australia Centre for Advanced Microscopy The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory 2601Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital Territory 2601Australia

Nonpolar m-plane AlGaN offers the advantage of polarization-free multiple quantum wells(MQWs)for ultraviolet(UV)emission and can be achieved on the sidewalls of selective area grown GaN *** reveal that the growth of AlGaN on GaN nanowires by metal organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD)is driven by vapor-phase diffusion,and consequently puts a limit on the pitch of nanowire array due to shadowing *** insight into the difficulty of achieving metal-polar AlGaN nanowire by selective area growth(SAG)in MOCVD is also provided and can be attributed to the strong tendency to form pyramidal structure due to a very small growth rate of{1011}semipolar planes compared to(0001)*** nonpolar m-plane sidewalls of GaN nanowires obtained via SAG provides an excellent platform for growth of nonpolar AlGaN *** emission from mplane Al_(x)Ga_(1−x)N/Al_(y)Ga_(1−y)N MQWs grown on sidewalls of dislocation-free GaN nanowire is demonstrated in the wavelength range of 318–343 nm.

关键词： metal organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD) nanowire nonpolar plane AlGaN selective area growth multiple quantum wells

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Residual stress measurement for injection molded components

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2016年第4期6卷 152-156页

作者： Achyut adhikari Thomas Bourgade Anand Asundi Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University

Residual stress induced during manufacturing of injection molded components such as polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） affects the mechanical and optical properties of these components. These residual stresses can be visualized and quantified by measuring their birefringence. In this paper, a low birefringence polariscope （LBP） is used to measure the whole-field residual stress distribution of these injection molded specimens. Detailed analytical and experimental study is conducted to quantify the residual stress measurement in these materials. A commercial birefringence measurement system was used to validate the results obtained to our measurement system. This study can help in material diagnosis for quality and manufacturing purpose and be useful for understanding of residual stress in imaging or other anolications.

关键词： Photoelasticity Birefringence Residual stress Polymethyl methacrylate

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Composition of forests and vegetation in the Kailash Sacred Landscape,Nepal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1625-1635页

作者： Ripu Mardhan Kunwar Maria Fadiman Tobin Hindle Madan Krishna Suwal Yagya Prasad adhikari Kedar Baral Rainer Bussmann Department of Geosciences Florida Atlantic University777 Glades RoadBoca RatonFL 33431USA Department of Geography University of BergenFosswinckelsgate 6P.O.Box 78025020 BergenNorway Department of Biogeography University of BayreuthUniversitatsstr.3095447 BayreuthGermany Department of Forests Kathmandu 44600Nepal Ilia State University Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3/50162 TbilisiRepublic of Georgia

A total of 141 quadrats were sampled using stratified random sampling to study forest,environment and human interactions along an elevation gradient 1800 to 3665 m at the remote Kailash Sacred Landscape,*** forest types were identified,including Laurel-Oak to Rhododendron to Blue pine,comprising 191 species including 60 useful from 166 genera and 87 *** environmental variables elevation,slope,and temperature were significant(p<0.001)in determining the composition and distribution of forest *** of large numbers of useful plants along with diverse forest and vegetation types suggest a strong association between the culture of local villages and nature *** to changes in climate,socio-culture and land-use,forest degradation is expected to accelerate,thus forcing government and indigenous community forest management measures to acknowledge human,cultural and environmental variables for sustainable forest management.

关键词： Phyto-sociological assessment Environmental factors Forest types Culture Kailash Sacred Landscape Nepal

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Chyle leak following root of mesentery dissection in pancreaticoduodenectomy with inferior infracolic superior mesenteric artery first approach

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第8期13卷 8-14页

作者： Prabir Maharjan Sujan Regmee Spandan D adhikari Rabin Pahari Roshan Ghimire Dhiresh K Maharjan Suman K Shrestha Prabin B Thapa Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching HospitalKathmandu 44600Nepal

BACKGROUND The root of mesentery dissection is one of the critical maneuvers,especially in borderline resectable pancreatic head ***-abdominal chyle leak(CL)including chylous ascites may ensue in up to 10%of patients after pancreatic *** recognized superior mesenteric artery(SMA)first approaches are invariably *** mesenteric dissection through the inferior infracolic approach has been discussed in this study emphasizing its post-operative impact on CL which is the cornerstone of this *** To assess incidence,risk factors,clinical impact of CL following root of mesentery dissection,and the different treatment *** This is a retrospective study incorporating the patients who underwent dissection of the root of mesentery with inferior infracolic SMA first approach pancreat-oduodenectomy for the ventral body and uncinate mass of pancreas in the Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from January 1,2021 to February 28,***-erative findings and postoperative outcomes were *** In three years,ten patients underwent root of mesentery dissection with inferior infracolic SMA first approach *** mean age was 67.6 years with a male-to-female ratio of 4:*** was seen in four *** virtue of CL,Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ or higher morbidity was observed in four *** patients had a hospital stay of more than 20 days with the former having a delayed gastric emptying and the latter with long-term total parenteral nutrition *** mean operative time was 330 *** resection was achieved in 100%of the *** mean duration of the intensive care unit and hospital stay were 2.55±1.45 days and 15.7±5.32 days,*** Root of mesentery dissection with lymphadenectomy and vascular resection correlated with occurrence of *** complete curative resection,these were managed with tota

关键词： Chyle leak Chylous ascites Clavien-Dindo Pancreatoduodenectomy Root of mesentery dissection Superior mesenteric artery first approach Total parenteral nutrition Uncinate mass Vascular resection Ventral body mass

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Pressure-Induced Instability Characteristics of a Transient Flow and Energy Distribution through a Loosely Bent Square Duct

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Energy Engineering 2022年第1期119卷 429-451页

作者： Sreedham Chandra adhikari Ratan Kumar Chanda Sidhartha Bhowmick Rabindra Nath Mondal Suvash Chandra Saha Department of Mathematics Jagannath UniversityDhaka1100Bangladesh School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Technology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Due to widespread applications of the bent ducts in engineering fields such as in chemical,mechanical,bio-mechanical and bio-medical engineering,scientists have paid considerable attention to invent new characteristics of fluid flow in a bent duct(BD).In the ongoing study,a spectral-based numerical technique is applied to explore flow characteristics and energy distribution through a loosely bent square duct(BSD)of small *** is accelerated due to combined action of the non-dimensional parameters;the Grashof number Gr(=1000),the curvatureδ(=0.001),and the Prandtl number Pr(=7.0)over a wide domain of the Dean number 0

关键词： Square-shaped duct curvature secondary flow energy distribution chaos

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