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Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第3期6卷 210-224页

作者： sridhar bhavani David PHODSON Julio HUERTA-ESPINO Mandeep SRANDHAWA Ravi PSINGH International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Texcoco56237Mexico Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP Chapingo56230Mexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center ICRAF CampusNairobi00100Kenya

Races belonging to the Ug99(TTKSK) lineage of the wheat stem rust fungus, carrying complex virulence combinations, and their migration to countries in Africa,Middle East and Asia continue to pose a significant threat to global wheat *** rapid spread of additional races, e.g., TKTTF or the Digalu lineage, in several countries causing localized epidemics reminds us of the vulnerability of wheat germplasm to stem rust disease, a formidable foe referenced as early as biblical times.A global rust monitoring system reflecting increased surveillance efforts has identified 13 races within the Ug99 lineage in 13 countries and unrelated lineages are emerging, spreading and posing serious threats to wheat *** TKTTF has caused localized epidemics in Ethiopia and its variants have been recently implicated in stem rust outbreaks in *** research efforts have resulted in the identification of several new resistance genes and gene combinations for use in *** multiple adult plant resistance(APR) genes in high-yielding backgrounds and discovery of new quantitative trait loci conferring stem rust resistance has progressed in the recent years, enhancing the durability of *** gene stewardship and new generation breeding materials and cultivars that combine multiple race-specific or minor to intermediate effect APR genes,complemented by active surveillance and monitoring, have helped to limit major epidemics and increase grain yield potential in key target environments.

关键词： adult plant resistance black rust race-specific resistance Triticum aestivum

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Progress Towards Genetics and Breeding for Minor Genes Based Resistance to Ug99 and Other Rusts in CIMMYT High-Yielding Spring Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 255-261页

作者： Ravi Prakash Singh Sybil Herrera-Foessel Julio Huerta-Espino Sukhwinder Singh sridhar bhavani Caixia Lan Bhoja Raj Basnet CIMMYT Apdo.Postal 6-641Mexico DF 06600Mexico INIFAP-CEVAMEX Apdo.Postal 10Chapingo 56230Mexico CIMMYT ICRAF BuildingNairobi 00621Kenya

Wheat rusts continue to cause significant losses worldwide despite major efforts given to their genetic control. This is due to frequent evolution and selection of virulence in pathogen overcoming the deployed race-specific resistance genes. Although the life of effective race-specific resistance genes can be prolonged by using gene combinations, an alternative approach being implemented at CIMMYT is to deploy varieties that posses adult plant resistance （APR） based on combinations of minor, slow rusting genes. When present alone, the APR genes do not confer adequate resistance especially under high disease pressure; however, combinations of 4 or 5 minor genes usually result in ＂near-immunity＂ or a high level of resistance. Although only a few APR genes are catalogued, various APR QTLs are now known and could lead to further characterization of additional genes. Four characterized genes have pleiotropic effects in conferring partial APR to all 3 rusts and powdery mildew, thus simplifying the task of breeding wheat varieties that are resistant to multiple diseases. Significant progress was made recently in developing high-yielding wheat germplasm that possesses high levels of APR to all three rusts by implementing a Mexico- Kenya shuttle breeding scheme. Parents with APR to Ug99 were hybridized with high-yielding parents that had adequate to high levels of APR to leaf rust and yellow rust. Segregating populations and advanced lines from these crosses were selected under high rust pressures in Mexico （leaf rust and yellow rust） and Kenya （Ug99 stem rust and yellow rust） to identify high- yielding progenies that possess high to adequate APR to all three rusts. International distribution of these high-yielding wheats is underway through CIMMYT intemational yield trials and screening nurseries. It is expected that several wheat varieties with APR to three rusts will be released and grown in various countries in the near-future that will allow determining the durability o

关键词： Triticum aestivum Puccinia graminis Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis genetics breeding wheat rustresistance

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Three co-located resistance genes confer resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in wheat variety Borlaug 100

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 490-497页

作者： Bowei Ye Ravi P.Singh Chan Yuan Demei Liu Mandeep S.Randhawa Julio Huerta-Espino sridhar bhavani Evans Lagudah Caixia Lan College of Plant Science&Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Apdo.Postal 6-64106600 Mexico D.F.Mexico Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of ScienceXining 810008QinghaiChina Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP Apdo.Postal 1056230ChapingoEdo.de MexicoMexico CSIRO Agriculture&Food GPO Box 1600CanberraACT 2601Australia

Leaf rust(LR) and stripe rust(YR) are important diseases in wheat producing areas worldwide and cause severe yield losses under favorable environmental conditions when susceptible varieties are grown. We determined the genetic basis of resistance to LR and YR in variety Borlaug 100 by developing and phenotyping a population of 198 F6 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross with the susceptible parent Apav#1. LR and YR phenotyping were conducted for 4 and 3 seasons, respectively, at CIMMYT research stations in Mexico under artificial epidemics. Mendelian segregation analyses indicated that 3–5 LR and 2 YR genes conferred resistance in Borlaug 100. Lr46/Yr29(1 BL), Yr17(2 AS) and Yr30(3 BS) were present in the resistant parent and segregated in the RIL population based on characterization by molecular markers linked to these genes. When present alone, Lr46/Yr29 caused average 13% and 16% reductions in LR and YR severities, respectively, in RILs. Similarly, Yr17 and Yr30 reduced YR severities by 57% and 11%, respectively. The Yr30 and the Yr17 translocation were also associated with 27% and 14% reductions, respectively, in LR severity, indicating that the 3 BS and 2 AS chromosomal regions likely carry new slow rusting LR resistance genes, temporarily designated as Lr B1 and Lr B2, respectively. Additive effects of Yr30*Yr17, Yr29*Yr17 and Yr29*Yr30 on YR and LR were significant and reduced YR severities by 56%,55%, and 45%, respectively, and LR severities by 34%, 40%, and 45%, respectively. Furthermore, interaction between the three genes was also significant, with mean reductions of 70% for YR and 54% for LR severities. Borlaug 100, or any one of the 21 lines with variable agronomic traits but carrying all three colocated resistance loci, can be used as resistance sources in wheat breeding programs.

关键词： Co-located resistance loci Common wheat Gene interaction Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis Triticum aestivum

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Combined linkage and association mapping reveals two major QTL for stripe rust adult plant resistance in Shaanmai 155 and their haplotype variation in common wheat germplasm

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The Crop Journal 2022年第3期10卷 783-792页

作者： Cai’e Zhou Dan Liu Xu Zhang Qimeng Wu Shengjie Liu Qingdong Zeng Qilin Wang Changfa Wang Chunlian Li Ravi PSingh sridhar bhavani Zhensheng Kang Dejun Han Weijun Zheng Jianhui Wu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) El BatanTexcocoEstado de Mexico 56237Mexico

The development and deployment of diverse resistance sources in new wheat cultivars underpin the durable control of stripe *** the present study,two loci for adult plant resistance(APR),QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2,were identified in the Chinese wheat breeding line Shaanmai *** SM155.1 was mapped to a 3.0-c M interval between the single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers AX-109583610 and AX-110907562 on chromosome arm 2 *** SM155.2 was mapped to a 2.1-c M interval flanked by the SNP markers AX-110378556 and AX-86173526 on chromosome arm 7 AS.A genome-wide association study was used to identify markers associated with APR in a panel of 411 spring wheat *** and 11 SNPs were significantly associated with QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2,respectively,corresponding to physical intervals of 653.75–655.52 Mb on 2 BL and 81.63–83.93 Mb on7 *** characterize the haplotype variation and the distribution of these QTL,haplotype analysis was performed based on these SNPs in an independent panel of 1101 worldwide wheat *** major haplotypes(2 B_h1,2 B_h2,and 2 B_h3)for QYr SM155.1 and four major haplotypes(7 A_h1,7 A_h2,7 A_h3,and 7 A_h4)for QYr SM155.2 were *** individually harboring QYr SM155.1_h1 and QYr SM155.2_h1 haplotypes and their combination displayed *** assays of 1306 current Chinese cultivars and breeding lines using markers flanking QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2 indicated that the resistance haplotypes of the two QTL were present in respectively 1.45%and 14.16%of *** resistance haplotype frequencies at these two loci using marker-assisted selection should benefit wheat production in China.

关键词： Linkage and association mapping Stripe rust resistance QYr SM155.1 QYr SM155.2 Haplotype variation

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全基因组关联分析结合多环境表型快速鉴定小麦抗条锈病的候选基因

全基因组关联分析结合多环境表型快速鉴定小麦抗条锈病的候选基因

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第十九届中国作物学会学术年会

作者：吴建辉蔚睿刘胜杰王琪琳聂小军宋卫宁 Ravi Prakash Singh sridhar bhavani 曾庆东康振生韩德俊旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/农学院西北农林科技大学 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) 旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/植物保护学院西北农林科技大学

【研究背景】小麦条锈病是世界性流行的活体寄生的真菌病害,一直是威胁我国小麦安全生产的重要病害。培育、推广抗病小麦品种一直是最为经济有效且绿色环保的防控措施。由于条锈菌变异途径多,可通过突变、异核作用以及有性生殖创造出大... 详细信息

【研究背景】小麦条锈病是世界性流行的活体寄生的真菌病害,一直是威胁我国小麦安全生产的重要病害。培育、推广抗病小麦品种一直是最为经济有效且绿色环保的防控措施。由于条锈菌变异途径多,可通过突变、异核作用以及有性生殖创造出大量新毒性小种,常导致小麦抗病品种投入生产后往往不到几年时间,就很快"丧失"抗性。大量研究表明,成株期抗病性往往具有持久性特点,且从已克隆的抗病基因分析发现这类抗性相对保守,存在于目前中国春参考基因组中。因此,可以通过分析中国春基因组中的基因来初步筛选成株期抗条锈病候选基因;【材料与方法】本研究对411份春小麦高代系材料进行多年多点条锈病抗性鉴定,结合660K芯片基因型数据,利用前人开发的全基因关联分析(GWAS)模型,即基于对每个核苷酸多态性的功能重要性进行评估,通过全基因组水平进行抗锈病基因位点的发掘、鉴定,并利用从5000多份世界小麦种质中挑选出的1500份多样性代表作为验证群体;【结果与分析】通过GWAS快速发掘出292个与抗病表型显著关联的SNP位点,分布在19个位点区域中,其中有14个位点为已知的基因/QTL且被广泛利用在育种中。进一步地,我们在已克隆的基因Yr18内部及上下游发现存在这样的SNP变异,说明在小麦中,针对染色体某些特定区域,利用高密度SNP芯片进行候选区间的关联分析是可行的。利用这个分析思路,很快对2BL上的主效位点YrSnb.1-2BL进行了分析,并通过验证群体的关联分析,有效的缩小了候选区间。结合芯片及重测序数据,总共筛选到约800个多态性SNP变异,涵盖了该区间的12个高可信基因。分析发现大部分显著性的SNP变异都集中在三个基因周围,即TraesCS2B01G512900,TraesCS2B01G513000和TraesCS2B01G513100,但只在TraesCS2B01G513100的编码区发现了3个显著性序列变异(-log10P≥4.85),这3个SNP的变异引起了氨基酸的改变。其他4个显著性的SNP变异位于基因的启动子区域或下游,有趣的是,这3个基因都编码丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(serine/threonine protein kinases, STPKs),以往研究表明,STPK确实参与小麦对真菌病害的抗性反应。为了进一步确认候选基因,随后对候选区间的12个基因都进行表达量分析,发现只有TraesCS2B01G513100在抗感对照中差异表达。另外,利用四倍体小麦Kronos的EMS诱变的突变体进行条锈菌接种验证,发现TraesCS2B01G513100中的两个突变体感病性要高于野生型,其他的无显著差异。此外,对该候选区间进行了单倍型分析,发现含有"TGCGGT"单倍型的材料具有良好的抗病性,为此开发了相应的育种分子辅助选择标记。【结论】以上结果表明TraesCS2B01G513100很有可能就是参与条锈抗病反应的重要候选基因成员,开发的分子标记可以用于抗病育种。

关键词：小麦条锈病 GWAS 重测序候选区间关联分析丝氨酸苏氨酸激酶(STPK) 分子辅助选择育种

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