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Uptake and transformation of arsenic during the reproductive life stage of Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus campestris

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 140-149页

作者： Michelle M.Nearing iris Koch Kenneth J.Reimer Environmental Sciences Group Royal Military College of Canada

Fruiting bodies from the Agaricus genus have been found to contain non-toxic arsenobetaine（AB） as a major compound. It is unknown whether AB is formed during the vegetative or reproductive life stages of the fungus, or by the surrounding microbial community, but AB＇s structural similarity to glycine betaine has led to the hypothesis that AB may be adventitiously accumulated as an osmolyte. To investigate the potential formation of AB during the reproductive life stage of Agaricus species, growth substrate and fungi were collected during the commercial growth of Agaricus bisporus and analyzed for arsenic speciation using HPLC-ICP-MS. AB was found to be the major arsenic compound in the fungus at the earliest growth stage of fruiting（the primordium）. The growth substrate mainly contained arsenate（As（V））. The distribution of arsenic in an A. bisporus primordium grown on As（V） treated substrate, and in a mature Agaricus campestris fruiting body collected from arsenic contaminated mine tailings, was mapped using two dimensional XAS imaging. The primordium and stalk of the mature fruiting body were both found to be growing around pockets of substrate material containing higher As concentrations, and AB was found exclusively in the fungal tissues. In the mature A. campestris the highest proportion of AB was found in the cap, supporting the AB as an osmolyte hypothesis. The results have allowed us to pinpoint the fungus life stage at which AB formation takes place,namely reproduction, which provides a direction for further research.

关键词： Arsenobetaine Arsenic Agaricus Fungi HPLC-ICP-MS XAS imaging

Population-level performance of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh in dense monocultures

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 241-246页

作者： Susanna Vain iris Gielen Jaan Liira Kristjan Zobel Department of Botany University of Tartu40 Lai St.51005 TartuEstonia Hugo Treffner Gymnasium 12 Munga St.51007 TartuEstonia

尽管几乎所有的农业物种在育种过程中都经历了从多物种环境向密集单种农田的过渡,但对非农业植物物种在单一栽培条件下的表现知之甚少。鉴于最近的研究成果突出杂草物种拟南芥为作物育种提供新视角的可能性,本研究的目的是了解播种密度... 详细信息

尽管几乎所有的农业物种在育种过程中都经历了从多物种环境向密集单种农田的过渡,但对非农业植物物种在单一栽培条件下的表现知之甚少。鉴于最近的研究成果突出杂草物种拟南芥为作物育种提供新视角的可能性,本研究的目的是了解播种密度对拟南芥在不同光周期环境下群体和个体表现的影响。我们研究了拟南芥Cvi-0生态型的表现。Cvi-0的选择基于一项初步实验,发现Cvi-0生态型植物表现出强烈的竞争性能。播种密度处理设置为每株17.6、8.8、4.4、2.2和1.1 cm^(2),光周期环境为日照12小时或16小时。结果表明,植物在所有密度处理下均获得了恒定的总种子产量。播种密度和日照时间处理会有一些相互作用:在高播种密度和长日照时间的处理下,种子重量更大,而日照时间短的处理下种子重量与密度呈负相关。这些结果阐明了一年生植物在面对激烈的种内竞争时能够采取不同的策略,并有助于为提高群体表现的作物育种提供新的前景。

关键词：拟南芥最终产量恒定种内竞争单一栽培光周期

Rice GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE1-mediated oxidation of bZIP68 positively regulates ABA-independent osmotic stress signaling

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Molecular Plant 2022年第4期15卷 651-670页

作者： Heng Zhou Feng Zhang Fengchao Zhai Ye Su Ying Zhou Zhenglin Ge Priyadarshini Tilak Jürgen Eirich iris Finkemeier Ling Fu Zongmin Li Jing Yang Wenbiao Shen Xingxing Yuan Yanjie Xie Laboratory Center of Life Sciences College of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095PR China Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants University of Muenster48149 MuensterGermany State Key Laboratory of Proteomics Beijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center 17 for Protein SciencesBeijingBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijing 102206China Institute of Industrial Crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China

Osmotic stress caused by drought and high salinity is a significant environmental threat that limits plant growth and agricultural yield. Redox regulation plays an important role in plant stress responses, but the mechanisms by which plants perceive and transduce redox signals are still underexplored. Here, we report a critical function for the thiol peroxidase GPX1 in osmotic stress response in rice, where it serves as a redox sensor and transducer. GPX1 is quickly oxidized upon exposure to osmotic stress and forms an intramolecular disulfide bond, which is required for the activation of bZIP68, a VRE-like basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor involved in the ABA-independent osmotic stress response pathway. The disulfide exchange between GPX1 and bZIP68 induces homo-tetramerization of bZIP68 and thus positively regulates osmotic stress response by regulating osmotic-responsive gene expression. Furthermore, we discovered that the nuclear translocation of GPX1 is regulated by its acetylation under osmotic stress. Taken together, our findings not only uncover the redox regulation of the GPX1-bZIP68 module during osmotic stress but also highlight the coordination of protein acetylation and redox signaling in plant osmotic stress responses.

关键词： GPX1 SOH oxidative stress acetylation ZIP68 transactivation

The Origin of the Giant Hall Effect in Metal-Insulator Composites

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2016年第3期6卷 78-90页

作者： Joachim sonntag MEAS Deutschland GmbH a TE Connectivity LTD Company Dortmund Germany

Near the metal-insulator transition, the Hall coefficient R of metal-insulator composites (M-I composite) can be up to 104 times larger than that in the pure metal called Giant Hall effect. Applying the physical model for alloys with phase separation developed in [1] [2], we conclude that the Giant Hall effect is caused by an electron transfer away from the metallic phase to the insulating phase occupying surface states. These surface states are the reason for the granular structure typical for M-I composites. This electron transfer can be described by [1] [2], provided that long-range diffusion does not happen during film production (n is the electron density in the phase A. uA and uB are the volume fractions of the phase A (metallic phase) and phase B (insulator phase). β is a measure for the average potential difference between the phases A and B). A formula for calculation of R of composites is derived and applied to experimental data of granular Cu1-y(SiO2)y and Ni1-y(SiO2)y films.

关键词： Metal-Insulator Composites Granular Metals Hall Coefficient Conductivity Electron Density

Not just fuel: energy stores are correlated with immune function and oxidative damage in a long-distance migrant

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 21-28页

作者： Cas EIKENAAR Arne HEGEMANN Florian PACKMOR iris KLEUDGEN Caroline ISAKSSON Institute of Avian Research 26386 WilhelmshavenGermany Department of Biology Lund UniversityLundSE-22362Sweden School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityDeiniol RoadBangorLL572DGUK

In many animals,catabolic and anabolic periods are temporally *** birds alternate energy expenditure during flight with energy accumulation during *** size of the energy stores at stopover affects the decision to resume migration and thus the temporal organization of *** now provide data suggesting that it is not only the size of the energy stores per se that may influence migration scheduling,but also the physiological consequences of *** two subspecies of the northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe,a long-distance migrant,estimated energy stores at a stopover during autumn migration were positively related with both constitutive innate and acquired immune function,and negatively related with oxidative damage to *** other words,migrants'physiological condition was associated with their energetic *** time spent at stopover before sampling may have contributed to this relationship,our results suggest that migrants have to trade-off the depletion of energy stores during flight with incurring physiological *** will affect migrants'decisions when to start and when to terminate a migratory *** physiological costs associated with the depletion of energy stores may also help explaining why migrants often arrive at and depart from stopover sites with larger energy stores than *** propose that studies on the role of energy stores as drivers of the temporal organization of(avian)migration need to consider physiological condition,such as immunological and oxidative states.

关键词： migration oxidative stress eco-immunology immunity fat stores physiology

Management of patients with melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers in the coronavirus disease 2019 era

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第17期133卷 2017-2019页

作者： Claudio Conforti Nicola di Meo Roberta Giuffrida iris Zalaudek Department of Dermatology and Venereology Dermatology ClinicUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of DermatologyUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly

The recent coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has completely disrupted hospital and outpatient activities.[1,2]It has been reorganized to allow a lower inflow of patients,to reduce non-urgent out-patient visits and to concentrate public health forces in the fight against the COVID-19 *** this reorganization,dermatology departments have also adapted their activities suspending routine patient visits and providing only urgent surgical removal,urgent visits,consultations,and oncological examinations.

关键词： patients routine melanoma

Modelling and simulating Chikungunya spread with an unstructured triangular cellular automata

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 197-220页

作者： Gerardo Ortigoza Fred Brauer iris Neri Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad VeracruzanaBoca Del RíoVerMexico Mathematics Department University of British ColumbiaVancouverB.CCanada Maestría en Gestion Integrada de Cuencas Universidad Autonoma de QueretaroMexico

In this work we propose a mathematical model to simulate Chikungunya spread;the spread model is implemented in a C++ cellular automata code defined on unstructured triangular grids and space visualizations are performed with *** order to simulate the time space spread of the Chikungunya diseases we include assumptions such as:heterogeneous human and vector densities,population mobility,geographically localized points of infection using geographical information systems,changes in the probabilities of infection,extrinsic incubation and mosquito death rate due to environmental *** experiments reproduce the qualitative behavior of diseases spread and provide an insight to develop strategies to prevent the diseases spread.

关键词： Cellular automata Unstructured triangular grids Chikungunya spread

The development and adoption of conservation tillage systems on the Canadian Prairies

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2014年第1期2卷 47-65页

作者： L.Awada C.W.Lindwall B.sonntag Department of Bioresource Policy Business&Economics(PBE)University of Saskatchewan51 Campus DriveSaskatoon SKS7N 5A8Canada Agriculture&Agri-Food Canada(Retired) Lindwall Agri-Environmental Consulting Agriculture&Agri-Food Canada(Retired) Sonntag Agricultural Services

One of the major agricultural innovations on the Canadian Prairies over the last 40 years has been the introduction of conservation tillage(CT).Conservation tillage-a system that includes minimum and zero tillage(ZT)-was introduced as an alternative to traditional(conventional)tillage(TT)to control soil degradation and to promote agricultural *** development and adoption of CT systems involved pioneer farmers,engineers,scientists,and farmer *** the end of the 1970s,CT started to take shape on the Prairies,but for a number of economic,technical,political and social reasons,the adoption of CT did not occur on any major scale before the ***,more than 75%of the Prairie’s cropland is under some form of CT with more than 50%under *** this paper,the factors behind the development and adoption of conservation tillage technology on the Prairies in the period between 1930 and 2011 are ***,some of the benefits of the adoption of CT on the Prairies are *** data show that CT and ZT became profitable for the majority of farmers during and after the 1990s,and that the increased use of CT contributed to the dramatic decrease in the area under summerfallow and to the increase in the area sown to canola and pulse *** changes contributed to the reduction of all forms of land degradation and to decreases in agricultural greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.

关键词： Conservation tillage Zero tillage Land degradation Innovation development and adoption Economic and environmental benefits

生态乐享德国之旅保持经济、生态和社会责任的关系平衡

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旅游与摄影 2022年第11期 52-53页

作者： iris 不详

Q德国国家旅游局推行可持续旅游的初衷是什么?十多年来,可持续发展一直是德国国家旅游局的核心战略行动领域——该理念贯彻于我们面对全球竞争的“旅游胜地德国”品牌定位、全球营销活动和我们公司的日常行为中。同时,该理念也符合了有... 详细信息

Q德国国家旅游局推行可持续旅游的初衷是什么?十多年来,可持续发展一直是德国国家旅游局的核心战略行动领域——该理念贯彻于我们面对全球竞争的“旅游胜地德国”品牌定位、全球营销活动和我们公司的日常行为中。同时,该理念也符合了有意向旅客的心理预期:缤客网发布的《2021年可持续旅行报告》表明,有61%的国际旅客表示新冠肺炎疫情让他们认识到可持续出行的必要性。在Anholt-lpsos国家品牌指数(NBI)全球排名中,环境和自然资源保护位于全球亟待解决事务的首位。根据2020年可持续发展目标指数(持续记录各个国家和地区是否实现了可持续发展目标),德国在全球166个调研国家和地区中排名第五位。这也是对我们贯彻实施可持续以及责任旅游方针的认可,我们对此深感自豪。

关键词：全球营销品牌定位心理预期可持续发展目标自然资源保护核心战略可持续旅游国家旅游局