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The Role of Trace Metals and Environmental Factors in the Onset and Progression of Schizophrenia in Pakistani Population

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2014年第5期4卷 450-460页

作者： Rukhsana Nawaz Erum Zahir sonia siddiqui Asad Usmani K. Fatima Shad Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research ICCBS University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan Department of Chemistry University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan AnylabTest Everett WA USA School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Australia

Exposure to toxic chemicals appears to be one of the major factors in the onset of Schizophrenia. Present study was designed to find out the association of socio-economic, clinical and heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) as the principle environmental factors that appear to impact schizophrenic condition in Pakistani population. In this study we have tried to expose some factors such as drug abuse, marital status, education, monthly income that could be related to the disease. These parameters were not investigated before in Pakistani subjects. A self-made questionnaire was developed to collect and record the history of patient’s social and economical status. The level of transition metals in the whole blood was also measured by using Inductive couple plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Present study has found higher levels of Cr, Pb, Zn, Se, As and Cu and lower levels of Fe and Mn in the blood of newly diagnosed (ND) patients when compared to the controls. While comparing ND with the patients who were on medication (Old Diagnosed) we, found lower level of these metals except for copper in ND. However no significant differences were observed between any trace metal levels between the studied groups. The survey concludes that economic status, marital status and illegal drugs are significantly associated with schizophrenia. Pakistani men who use cannabis are significantly higher in numbers when compared to women in acquiring the psychiatric symptoms.

关键词： Schizophrenia Trace Metals Pakistani Population Inductive Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) Human

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Morphotaxonomy and seasonal distribution of planktonic and benthic Prorocentrales in Karachi waters,Pakistan Northern Arabian Sea

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2013年第2期31卷 267-281页

作者： sonia MUNIR Zaib-un-nisa BURHAN Tahira NAZ P.J.A.siddiqui Steve L.MORTON Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology University of Karachi-75270Pakistan National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations 219 Fort Johnson RoadCharleston SC29412USA

Morphotaxonomy and seasonal abundance of dinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Mesoporos （Prorocentrales） were studied from nutrient-rich waters, Karachi Harbor and the mouth of the Manora Channel, Pakistan during May 2002-July 2003. Using both light and scanning electron microscopy, 13 species of Prorocentrales were identified according to cell shape, size, ornamentation of thecal plates, and architecture of apical platelets, apical pore area, marginal pores, and intercalary bands. P. sigmoides, P. arcuatum, P. scutellum, P. donghaiense, P. balticum, P. minimum, P. emarginatum, P. lima, P. faustiae, and Mesoporos perforatus constitute new records for sindh coast of Pakistan. The most abundant species were P. minimum/P, balticum （4.5x103 cells/L）, P. micans （1.1~103 cells/L）, P. gracile/P, sigmoides （2.5 x 102 cells/L） and P. donghaiense （6.6 x 103 cells/L） at temperatures of 29-31 ~C and salinities of 35-40. Maximum abundance was observed in winter and lower abundance in summer. There was no significant change in the distribution of species between stations except for the benthic species which occurred close to Karachi Harbor waters. Significant positive correlations were observed between Prorocentrum spp. and temperature （R2=0.27） and negative correlations with salinity （R2=-0.32） except for P. minimum and P. emarginatum which has negative correlation with temperature （R2=-0.24） and positive with salinity （R2=0.08, 0.19）. The finding of potential okadaic-acid producing species of benthic Prorocentrum call for monitoring for possible human health problems in this region.

关键词： ecology morphology planktonic/benthic Prorocentrales harmful algae scanning electronaaicroscopy northern Arabian Sea

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Species composition and abundance of dinoflagellates from the coastal waters of Pakistan

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第6期4卷 448-457页

作者： sonia Munir Tahira Naz Zaib-un-nisa Burhan Pirzada Jamal Ahmed siddiqui Steve Larry Morton Marine Science and Engineering Department Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjinChina Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology University of Karachi75270 KarachiPakistan NOAA 219 Fort Johnson roadCharleston SC29412USA

Objective:To assess the community structure,seasonal dynamics of dinoflagellates population with environmental conditions in the nutrient-rich and polluted coastal waters off,***:Sampling sites were located from Karachi harbour(Station A)and Mouth of Manora Channel(Station B).Total 180 replicate samples were collected at 1-m depth through Niskin bottle sampler(1.7 L)and fixed with 2%lugol’s preservative then examined under light inverted microscopy,scanning electron and epiflourescence ***:The environmental conditions,such as temperature[(20-27)°C],salinity[(35-40)psu],chlorophyll a[(1-103)μg/L],pH(6.03-8.13)and dissolve oxygen[(0.7-5.5)mg/L]were recorded from both stations.A total of 96 species were identified into potential harmful toxic/non-toxic bloom forming species and cysts *** dinoflagellate cells between two coastal sites were much concentrated at the adjacent area of mouth of Manora Channel compare to harbor *** dinoflagellate cell concentration ranging from 20 to~55000 cells/L and the maximum values observed in two season,(~55000 cells/L)in autumn and(~3000 cells/L)in winter *** *** the predominant taxa with the maximum abundance(48166 cells/L)observed in autumn season following by Scrippsiella trochoidea(1200 cells/L),Alexandrium ostenfeldii(3000 cells/L)in winter season,and Ceratium furca(640 cells/L),Protoperidinium steinii(780 cells/L),Ceratium fusus(906 cells/L),Pyrophacus steinii(840 cells/L),Gonyaulax spinifera(666 cells/L),Alexandrium tamarense(520 cells/L)and Dinophysis caudata(393 cells/L)in summer and spring ***,abundance of dinoflagellates correlated significant to chlorophyll a with chlorophyll a and temperature but inverse relation to salinity and pH observed from both ***:The present study reports on the prevalence and significance of harmful algae bloom forming taxa in the area which would be available for the coastal zone managers and fishery indust

关键词： Seasonality Dinoflagellate population Environmental condition Karachi coast

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