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Use of bone morphogenetic proteins in mesenchymal stemcell stimulation of cartilage and bone repair

World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第1期8卷 1-12页

作者： sonia scarfì Department of Earth Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of Genova16132 GenovaItaly

The extracellular matrix-associated bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) govern a plethora of biological processes. The BMPs are members of the transforming growth factor-β protein superfamily, and they actively participate to kidney development, digit and limb formation, angiogenesis, tissue fibrosis and tumor development. Since their discovery, they have attracted attention for their fascinating perspectives in the regenerative medicine and tissue engineering fields. BMPs have been employed in many preclinical and clinical studies exploring their chondrogenic or osteoinductive potential in several animal model defects and in human diseases. During years of research in particular two BMPs, BMP2 and BMP7 have gained the podium for their use in the treatment of various cartilage and bone defects. In particular they have been recently approved for employment in non-union fractures as adjunct therapies. On the other hand, thanks to their potentialities in biomedical applications, there is a growing interest in studying the biology of mesenchymal stem cell(MSC), the rules underneath their differentiation abilities, and to test their true abilities in tissue engineering. In fact, the specific differentiation of MSCs into targeted celltype lineages for transplantation is a primary goal of the regenerative medicine. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge of BMP roles and signaling in MSC biology and differentiation capacities. In particular the article focuses on the potential clinical use of BMPs and MSCs concomitantly, in cartilage and bone tissue repair.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells Cartilage Bonerepair Bone morphogenetic protein

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WJSC 6^(th) Anniversary Special Issues(2):Mesenchymal stem cells Purinergic receptors and nucleotide processing ectoenzymes:Their roles in regulating mesenchymal stem cell functions

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2014年第2期6卷 153-162页

作者： sonia scarfì Department of Earth Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of Genova

Human mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are a rare population of non-hematopoietic stem cells with multilineage potential,originally identified in the bone marrow.Due to the lack of a single specific marker,MSCs can be recognized and isolated by a series of features such as plastic adherence,a panel of surface markers,the clonogenic and the differentiation abilities.The recognized role of MSCs in the regulation of hemopoiesis,in cell-degeneration protection and in the homeostasis of mesodermal tissues through their differentiation properties,justifies the current interest in identifying the biochemical signals produced by MSCs and their active crosstalk in tissue environments.Only recently have extracellular nucleotides(eNTPs)and their metabolites been included among the molecular signals produced by MSCs.These molecules are active on both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors present in most cell types.MSCs possess a significant display of these receptors and of nucleotide processing ectoenzymes on their plasma membrane.Thus,from their niche,MSCs give a significant contribution to the complex signaling network of eNTPs and its derivatives.Recent studies have demonstrated the multifaceted aspects of eNTP metabolism and their signal transduction in MSCs and revealed important roles in specifying differentiation lineages and modulating MSC physiology and communication with other cells.This review discusses the roles of eNTPs,their receptors and ectoenzymes,and the relevance of the signaling network and MSC functions,and also focuses on the importance of this emerging area of interest for future MSC-based cell therapies.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cell Purinergic receptors Ectoenzymes ATP β-NAD Adenosine cADPR

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