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Divergent foraging behavior in a hybrid zone： Darwin＇s tree finches （Camarhynchus spp.） on Floreana Island

Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 181-190页

作者： Katharina J. PETERS sonia kleindorfer School of Biological Sciences Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide 5001 Australia

Hybrid speciation is increasingly recognized as a mechanism for novel evolutionary trajectories. However, we know very little about the ecology of a contact zone that has arisen in sympatry. This study examines the foraging behavior and fitness of two species of Darwin＇s tree finches （Camarhynchus parvulus, C pauper） and hybrid offspring on Floreana Island. Previous study showed that the percentage of hybrids in the tree finch population increased from 19% in 2005 to 41% in 2010, and their body and beak size increased by -5% （parental phenotype did not change）. In 2005-2006, all three tree finch groups （two paren- tal species and hybrid birds） used the same foraging substrate, technique, and height. By 2010-2013, the small tree finch C. par- vulus had changed its foraging technique and the medium tree finch C. pauper had changed its foraging height. Both parental species had higher body condition when foraging at （divergent） mean foraging heights per species but hybrid birds did not. We discuss the implications of conserving forest to facilitate vertical niche expansion and the role of hybridization for genetic persis- tence [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 181-190, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Speciation Adaptive radiation Conservation Scalesia Ecological niche

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Changes in Philornis infestation behavior threaten Darwin＇s finch survival

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 542-550页

作者： sonia kleindorfer Katharina J. PETERS Georgina CUSTANCE Rachael Y. DUDANIEC Jody A. O'CONNOR School of Biological Sciences Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide 5001 Australia Department of Biology Lund University S61vegatan 37 Lund 22362 Sweden

The conservation behavior framework is useful to identify key linkages between behavior and conservation practice. We apply this framework to a novel host-parasite system on the Galapagos Islands and ask if there have been changes in parasite oviposition behavior and host mortality patterns across the first decade （2004-2013） of its known association. The Dipteran parasite Philornis downsi was first discovered in Darwin＇s finch nests in 1997 and is the biggest threat to the survival of Galapagos land birds. Host mortality has increased over the past decade. In Dipterans, pupation and pupae size are determined by access to host resources. Here, we test the hypothesis that P downsi flies are laying eggs in finch nests earlier in the nestling phase to maximize larval feeding time and therefore chance of pupation success before host death. The results show fewer 1st instar larvae later in the host nesting cycle in support of earlier egg laying behavior by female flies. Between 2004 and 2013, parasite intensity increased from -28 to -48 parasites per nest, host mortality increased from -50% to -90%, and host age at death decreased from -11 to -5 days. The earlier age at host death was correlated with fewer pupae （from -50% to -20%） and smaller pupae size （-10% decrease）. Changes in parasite behavior reveal new fitness costs to both the parasite and Darwin＇s finches. These findings un- derscore the need for urgent conservation action to save Darwin＇s finches from extinction due to a novel, lethal and introduced parasite [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 542-550, 2014].

关键词： Host mortality Parasite size Darwin's finches Ectoparasitism Camarhynchus Geospiza

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Bill Morphology Does Not Influence Vocal Performance in Darwin’s Small Tree Finch on Floreana Island

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Zoological Research 2009年第4期30卷 423-428页

作者： Rebekah Christensen sonia kleindorfer School of Biological Sciences Flinders University

Bird song is used for mate attraction and is important for establishing reproductive isolation. Current research highlights performance constraints on song production that may be influenced by variation in bill morphology. Darwin＇s finches are a model system for studying the relationship between morphology and song performance, with previous studies suggesting that lower vocal performance is correlated with larger bill size. Here, we tested for a relationship between bill morphology and vocal performance in Darwin＇s Small Tree Finch （Camarhynchus parvulus） on Floreana Island. We found no evidence of a correlation between bill morphology and vocal performance. This finding is in agreement with prior study of the Small Tree Finch, but contrasts a greater body of work addressing song in Darwin＇s Finches. We discussed our findings in the context of ecological divergence, and ecological variation across species.

关键词： Darwin's finches Bill morphology Small Tree Finch Song Vocal performance

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达尔文雀血液和肠内的寄生现象(英文)

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动物学报 2005年第3期51卷 507-512页

作者： Rachael Y. DUDANIEC Gary HALLAS sonia kleindorfer Flinders University School of Biological Sciences Bedford Park Adelaide 5042 AustraliaFlinders University School of Biological Sciences Bedford Park Adelaide 5042 AustraliaFlinders University School of Biological Sciences Bedford Park Adelaide 5042 Australia

达尔文雀是种群进化生态学研究的一个模式类群。然而,关于这些鸟类的寄生虫和疾病方面,我们所知甚少。本文对小地雀( Geospiza fuliginosa)的血液和消化道、中地雀( G. fortis)的消化道寄生虫进行了调查。根据对来自3个岛屿127成体血液... 详细信息

达尔文雀是种群进化生态学研究的一个模式类群。然而,关于这些鸟类的寄生虫和疾病方面,我们所知甚少。本文对小地雀( Geospiza fuliginosa)的血液和消化道、中地雀( G. fortis)的消化道寄生虫进行了调查。根据对来自3个岛屿127成体血液样本、22个雏鸟血液和消化道样本的检测,我们没有从小地雀的血液里和中地雀的消化道里发现寄生虫。仅仅从1只来自Floreana岛的小地雀雏鸟的消化道里,发现一种寄生虫(Isosporaspp.) [动物学报51 (3) : 507 -512 , 2005]。

关键词：达尔文寄生现象消化道寄生虫生态学研究血液样本肠 spp 雏鸟进化种群鸟类成体动物

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