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Ultrathin GaN Film Derived from Amorphous Ga_(2)O_(3) Film

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第4期39卷 814-818页

作者：王鹏 zhang Binbin LIU Xiaofei zhang Xin TU Rong zhang song 李宝文 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

It remains a big challenge to synthesize two-dimensional(2D)GaN material for applications in power *** synthetic methods require complex equipment and processes and time ***,we reported a two-step route to prepare polycrystalline 2D GaN *** amorphous ultrathin Ga_(2)O_(3)film was first exfoliated from the surface of liquid *** a vapor phase reaction,2D Ga_(2)O_(3)film was then converted into 2D GaN film while maintaining the 2D *** and high-resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM)analysis implies the successful synthesis of wurtzite-type GaN ultrathin *** simple strategy proposed in this work will provide more opportunities for applications of GaN ultrathin film in many devices.

关键词： GaN Ga_(2)O_(3) liquid gallium

Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 747-766页

作者： Hong-Yi Zheng Tian-zhang song Yong-Tang Zheng State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution&Animal Models KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates National Research Facility for Phenotypic&Genetic Analysis of Model Animals(Primate Facility)Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650107China

The distribution of the immune system throughout the body complicates in vitro assessments of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)immunobiology,often resulting in a lack of reproducibility when extrapolated to the whole ***,developing animal models is imperative for a comprehensive understanding of the pathology and immunology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** review summarizes current progress related to COVID-19 animal models,including non-human primates(NHPs),mice,and hamsters,with a focus on their roles in exploring the mechanisms of immunopathology,immune protection,and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection,as well as their application in immunoprevention and immunotherapy of SARS-CoV-2 *** among these animal models and their specific applications are also highlighted,as no single model can fully encapsulate all aspects of *** effectively address the challenges posed by COVID-19,it is essential to select appropriate animal models that can accurately replicate both fatal and non-fatal infections with varying courses and *** animal model libraries and associated research tools is key to resolving the global COVID-19 pandemic,serving as a robust resource for future emerging infectious diseases.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Animal models Infection immunology Immunotherapy

Experimental and numerical investigation of the impacts of rotor tip-rake on excitation forces of pump-jet propulsors

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 142-157页

作者： Xue-qin Ji Xiao-song zhang Chen-jun Yang Xiao-qian Dong State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Marine Numerical Experiment CentreSchool of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China CSSC Shanghai Marine Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd.Shanghai200011China China Ship Scientific Research Center Shanghai Branch Shanghai200011China

The tip-clearance flow in a pump-jet propulsor exerts great impacts on the fluctuating pressures and resultant unsteady forces,which are important sources of structural vibrations and radiated noise *** blade geometry close to the tip is an important factor determining the vortex strength in the tip-clearance *** the open-water condition,the effects of raking the rotor tips on the duct-surface fluctuating pressures and the resultant unsteady forces acting on different components of the propulsor are investigated via physical model experiments and the numerical solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations coupled with the SST k-ωturbulence *** measured and simulated results of hydrodynamic pressures are consistent to each other,and the simulated flows help better understand why the fluctuating pressures change with the tip *** strong fluctuations of duct-surface pressures are caused by intensive tip separation *** duct-surface pressure fluctuations are effectively reduced by using the rake distribution near the tip towards blade back side and,for the combination of the five-bladed rotor and the seven-bladed stator,the resultant unsteady horizontal(and vertical)forces acting on the duct and stator are also reduced;while increasing rake leads to negative effect on pressure fluctuations and unsteady horizontal(and vertical)forces acting on all the components of the propulsor.

关键词： Pump-jet tip-clearance tip-rake fluctuating pressures excitation forces

Rheological Behaviors of Polymers with Nanoparticles Tethered at Each End

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 400-406,I0009页

作者： song-Qi zhang Wen-Qing Wang Jia-Ping Lin Li-Quan Wang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

The polymer with nanoparticles tethered at each end is a unique model for unraveling the effect of chain ends on the polymer dynamics. We investigated the rheological behavior of this kind of polymer by using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. The effect of polymer lengths and nanoparticle radii on the complex moduli and viscosity was examined. The dependence of complex moduli on the frequency becomes less pronounced as the polymer is short or the nanoparticle is large. The shear thinning behavior was revealed for these systems, and the scaling exponent of complex viscosity with respect to the frequency was found to change from-1/2 to-3/4 as the polymer shortens or the nanoparticle enlarges. The rheological behavior was further explained by analyzing the mean square distance of nanoparticles. The simulation results were compared with the existing experimental finding, showing an agreement. The work provides information for understanding the chain end effect on polymer rheology.

关键词： Polymer rheology Modulus Viscosity Molecular dynamics

AdaPIP: Adaptive picture-in-picture guidance for 360° film watching

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第3期10卷 487-503页

作者： Yi-Xiao Li Guan Luo Yi-Ke Xu Yu He Fang-Lue zhang song-Hai zhang Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChinaand Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Space Utilization Technology and Engineering Center for Space UtilizationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Victoria University of Wellington WellingtonNew Zealand

360°videos enable viewers to watch freely from different directions but inevitably prevent them from perceiving all the helpful *** mitigate this problem,picture-in-picture(PIP)guidance was proposed using preview windows to show regions of interest(ROIs)outside the current view *** identify several drawbacks of this representation and propose a new method for 360° film watching called *** enhances traditional PIP by adaptively arranging preview windows with changeable view ranges and *** addition,AdaPIP incorporates the advantage of arrow-based guidance by presenting circular windows with arrows attached to them to help users locate the corresponding ROIs more *** also adapted AdaPIP and Outside-In to HMD-based immersive virtual reality environments to demonstrate the usability of PIP-guided approaches beyond 2D *** user experiments on 2D screens,as well as in VR environments,indicate that AdaPIP is superior to alternative methods in terms of visual experiences while maintaining a comparable degree of immersion.

关键词： 360°videos picture-in-picture(PIP) virtual reality(VR) visual guidance

Early-onset and later-onset cancer:trends,risk factors,and prevention in Northern China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 1928-1940页

作者： Tong Liu Chen-An Liu Qing-song zhang Qi zhang Yi-Ming Wang Meng-Meng song Shi-Qi Lin Li Deng Shou-Ling Wu Han-Ping Shi Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of Clinical NutritionBeijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Beijing 100038China Laboratory for Clinical Medicine Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China Department of General Surgery Kailuan General HospitalTangshan 063000China Department of Genetics Yale School of MedicineNew Haven 06510USA Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Kailuan General HospitalTangshan 063000China Cardiovascular Research Institute University of CaliforniaSan Francisco 94158USA Department of Cardiology Kailuan General HospitalTangshan 063000China

The characteristics of early-onset(onset age<50 years)and later-onset(onset age≥50 years)cancers differ *** novel risk factors for both types of cancer is crucial for increasing awareness of cancer prevention and for reducing its *** study aimed to analyze the trends in incidence and risk factors for early-onset and late-onset *** conducted a prospective study by drawing data from the Kailuan *** study included 6,741 participants with cancer(624 with early-onset cancer and 6,117 with later-onset cancer)and 6,780 matched controls among the 186,249 participants who underwent Kailuan health examinations from 2006 to *** primary outcomes were cancer incidence rates,and associated risk factors for early-and later-onset *** Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of each exposure factor for early-and later-onset cancer by cancer *** risk proportions were used to estimate the number of cases that could be prevented by eliminating a risk factor from the *** for liver cancer,incidence rates for nearly all types of cancer increased during the study ***,alcohol consumption,lipid metabolism disorders,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,fatty liver,and inflammation were associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer at multiple sites,but risk factors for cancer incidence differed by ***,alcohol consumption,inflammation,and hypertension were the major contributors to preventable *** incidence of several different types of cancer,including earlyonset cancer,is increasing in northeastern *** in risk factors between early-onset and later-onset malignancies may contribute to the divergence in the observed changes in incidence trends between these two specific types of cancer.

关键词： cancer early-onset later-onset trend risk factor prevention

Changes in microstructure and properties of weld heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第8期31卷 2041-2052页

作者： Shu-jun Jia Qi-lin Ma Yu Hou Ba Li He-song zhang Qing-you Liu Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center for Steel Commonality University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Construction Project Management Branch of China National Petroleum Pipeline Network Group Co. Ltd.Langfang 065000HebeiChina

The evolution of the microstructure and toughness of APL5L X80 pipeline steel after thermal welding simulation was investigated by X-ray diffraction,electron backscatter diffraction,and transmission electron *** results indicated that primary heat-affected zones can be divided into weld,coarse-grained,fine-grained,intercritical,and sub-critical *** microstructure of the weld zone is mainly composed of bainitic ferrite and a small amount of granular bainite;however,the original austenite grains are distributed in the columnar *** structure of the coarse-grained zone is similar to that of the weld zone,but the original austenite grains are *** contrast,the microstructure in the fine-grained zone is dominated by fine granular bainite,and the effective grain size is only 8.15μm,thus providing the highest toughness in the entire heat-affected *** intercritical and subcritical zones were brittle valley regions,and the microstructure was dominated by granular ***,the martensite-austenite(M/A)constituents are present in island chains along the grain boundaries,and the coarse size of the M/A constituents seriously reduces the *** results of the crack propagation analyzes revealed that high-angle grain boundaries can significantly slow down crack growth and change the crack direction,thereby increasing the material *** impact toughness of the low-temperature tempering zone was equivalent to that of the columnar grain zone,and the impact toughness was between those of the critical and fine-grained zones.

关键词： Welding thermal simulation Impact toughness Crack propagation Martensite-austenite constituent High-strength low-alloy steel weld Heat-affected zone

Low-density polyethylene microplastics partially alleviate the ecotoxicological effects induced by cadmium exposure on the earthworm Eisenia fetida

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 47-60页

作者： song zhang Yating Du Guangshen Shang Kejiao Hu Xing Wang College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming Beijing 100193China Organic Cycle Research Institute(Suzhou) China Agricultural UniversitySuzhou 215100China Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of EducationBeijing 100193China

LDPE had no effect on the mortality,growth,and reproduction of *** did not alter the mortality,growth,and reproduction of earth-worm caused by *** alleviated histopathological damage to earthworms caused by *** alleviated DNA damage in earthworm coelomocytes caused by *** did not affect the accumulation of Cd in ***(Cd)can accumulate in the food chain,with serious impacts on human health and ***(MPs)such as low-density polyethylene(LDPE)should be considered not only as a single pollutant but also as a carrier of other *** this study,we investigated the joint effects of 30%LDPE and 313 mg kg-1 Cd on mortality,growth,reproduction,microstructure,DNA damage,oxidative stress,and mRNA levels in the earthworm Eisenia *** found that 313 mg kg-1 Cd inhibited growth and reproduction and damaged the microstructures of the skin and ***,LDPE had no effect on the mortality,growth,or cocoon production of ***,it did not increase the mortality,growth,or inhibition of cocoon production caused by Cd and instead alleviated the DNA damage in coelomocytes caused by Cd ***,it did not alter the accumulation of Cd in the *** indicators can be used for toxicity safety assessment and soil ecological risk assessment of LDPE and Cd cooccurrence in soil.

关键词： microplastics Eisenia fetida DNA damage histopathological damage heavy metals

面向工业化种植的光热管理农膜——机遇与挑战

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Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 191-200页

作者： song zhang zhang Chen Chuanxiang Cao Yuanyuan Cui Yanfeng Gao School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

As indispensable parts of greenhouses and plant factories,agricultural covering films play a prominent role in regulating microclimate *** covering films directly transmit the full solar ***,this high level of sunlight transmission may be inappropriate or even harmful for crops with specific photothermal *** greenhouses are integrated with agricultural covering materials,heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems,and smart irrigation and communication technologies to maximize planting *** review provides insight into the photothermal requirements of crops and ways to meet these requirements,including new materials based on passive radiative cooling and light scattering,simulations to evaluate the energy consumption and environmental conditions in a greenhouse,and data mining to identify key biological growth factors and thereby improve new covering ***,future challenges and directions for photothermalmanagement agricultural films are elaborated on to bridge the gap between lab-scale research and large-scale practical applications.

关键词： Greenhouse Photothermal management Passive radiative cooling Light scattering