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Traditional Irrigation Management in Betmera-Hiwane, Ethiopia: The Main Peculiarities for the Persistence of Irrigation Practices

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Journal of Mountain Science 2006年第2期3卷 139-146页

作者： solomon Habtu Kitamura Yoshinobu Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami Tottori 680-8553 Japan

Traditional irrigation, as part of the ancient agricultural practices in northern Ethiopia （Tigray）, has persisted for long time since 500 B.C., while many newly introduced irrigation projects have usually failed there. The main objective of this study is thus to investigate the peculiarities pertinent to irrigation management and those having contributed for the persistence of traditional irrigation practices for a long period of time. The experience gained from such areas can definitely help make irrigation management system of new irrigation schemes sustainable. Betmera-Hiwane, one of the ancient traditional irrigation areas in Tigray region, was selected for the field study. Direct observations through field visits accompanied by interviews to farmers, local officials, local knowledgeable individuals and higher officials were made. After analyzing the collected primary and secondary information, the main peculiarities that contributed to the persistence of traditional irrigation areas were identified, and they are： constructed local rules, the presence of communally locally designed hydraulic control structures, ownership feeling of the irrigators and accountability of water distributors to the irrigation management, the culture for mobilizing communal resources and the culture of self-initiating local water management strategies.

关键词： Traditional irrigation management water management smailholder irrigation Betmera-Hiwane Tigray Ethiopia

Energy-growth nexus for‘Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index’countries:Evidence from new econometric methods

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 298-311页

作者： Mandeep Mahendru Aviral Kumar Tiwari Gagan Deep Sharma solomon Nathaniel Mansi Gupta Szechenyi Istvan University GyorHungary Indian Institute of Management BodhgayaIndia University School of Management Studies Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha UniversitySector 16 CDwarkaNew DelhiIndia Department of Economics University of LagosAkokaNigeria Centre for Financial Innovation S P Jain Institute of Management and ResearchMumbaiIndia

This study explores the connections between renewable energy consumption(REC),non-renewable energy consumption(NREC),gross fixed capital formation(GFCF),the labor force(LF),and economic growth(GDP)in Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index(RECAI)countries for *** quantify the nexus between REC,NREC,and GDP while utilizing a production model framework and including the measures of labor and capital,for suggesting a phase-wise strategy to attain the sustainable development *** use robust methodologies including Lagrange Multiplier(LM)panel unit root tests with trend shifts,Westerlund cointegration test,LM bootstrap technique for cointegration with breaks,continuously updated fully modified(CUP-FM)and continuously updated bias-corrected(CUPBC)estimators,Augmented Mean Group(AMG)approach,fully modified ordinary least squares,dynamic ordinary least squares,Canonical Cointegrating Regression(CCR),and panel causality test proposed by Canning&*** compute non-parametric time-varying coefficients with fixed effects for seeing the impact of GFCF,LF,REC,and NREC on *** results press upon policymakers to shift toward clean energy and REC for attaining the environmental goals(SDGs 6,7,13,and 15)and the economic goals(SDGs 1,2,8,and 10).While this shift would help developed economies,which have already attained the economic goals,to progress on the front of environmental goals,it would enable developing countries to progress on both fronts in a balanced manner.

关键词： Renewable energy consumption Economic growth Non-renewable energy consumption CUP-BC CUP-FM Time-varying coefficients with fixed effects

A Prefix Tree Based n-best List Re-scoring Strategy for Recurrent Neural Network Language Model

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Chinese Journal of electronics 2014年第1期23卷 70-74页

作者： SI Yujing LI ta PAN Jielin YAN Yonghong The Key Laboratory of Speech Acoustics and Content Understanding Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this paper, issues of speeding up Recurrent neural network language model(RNNLM) in the testing phase are explored so that RNNLMs can be used to re-rank a large n-best list in real-time systems which could obtain better performance. A new n-best list rescoring framework, Prefix tree based n-best list re-scoring(PTNR), is proposed to hundred percent eliminate the repeated computations which makes n-best list re-scoring ineffective. At the same time, the bunch mode technique,widely-used in speeding up the training of Feed-forward neural network language model(FF-NNLM), is combined with PTNR and the speed is further improved. Experimental results show that our approach is much faster than basic n-best list re-scoring. take 1000-best as an example, our approach is almost 11 times faster than the basic n-best list re-scoring.

关键词： Recurrent neural network language model(RNNLM) n-best list Prefix tree based n-best list re-scoring(PTNR) Speedup Bunch mode

Resource Allocation Based on SFLA Algorithm for D2D Multicast Communications

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1517-1530页

作者： Wisam Hayder Mahdi Necmi taşpınar University of Diyala Department of Communications EngineeringDiyalaBaquba32001Iraq Erciyes University Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringKayseri38039Turkey

Multicast device-to-device(D2D)communication technology is considered as one of the new technologies in the fifth generation(5G)networks that directly addresses the need for content sharing among internet *** fact,when direct communication is available between devices,the spectral efficiency is improved by reusing the licensed cellular *** current studies show that D2D communication increases network capacity and reduces *** order to achieve the alternate capabilities,coordination is required to implement interference *** considered subcarrier allocation for the uplink,in addition to the power control that takes place on the underlay *** completed data rate in single multicast communication is significantly reduced and limited by nodes with lower channel *** this paper,we used Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm(SFLA)for resource allocation(RA)in D2D multicast *** compared the results of the SFLA algorithm with the Firefly Algorithm(FA),Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO);in terms of D2D user throughput,Cellular User(CU)throughput,network average throughput,network interference and signal interference noise ratio(SINR)*** simulation results show that SFLA clearly outperforms other algorithms in terms of data rate under the high pressure of infeasibility.

关键词： Resource Allocation(RA) SFLA D2D 5G

Feasibility Study on Fabrication of Geopolymer Bricks by Wasted Grinding Wheel at Room Temperature

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第12期8卷 1657-1670页

作者： Yi-Che Hsieh ta-Wui Cheng Chia-Ho Wu Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering National Taipei University of TechnologyTaipei10608Taiwan Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering National Taipei University of TechnologyTaipei10608Taiwan

In this study,the feasibility of producing eco-friendly bricks by using geopolymer technology and a waste grinding wheel(WGW)from the grinding wheel industries was ***,in order to meet industrial needs,for instance,in taiwan,approximately 500,000 grinding wheels are used *** is,a large number of“waste”grinding wheels are ***,few studies have been conducted on the use of WGWs as raw materials in geopolymer *** use of geopolymer technology to form bricks can avoid the utilization of clay and cement and even prevent the use of a high-temperature process in ***,it can decrease CO_(2) emission and energy consumption and thus,protect the *** this study,the following three major factors were considered:press-forming pressure(70 and 100 kgf/cm2),NaOH molar concentration(2 and 4M),and the ratio of binder fineaggregate(1:3,1:4,and 1:5).Under these conditions,the specimens were tested using the compressive strength test,water absorption test,microstructure analysis,a freezing–thawing test and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure *** optimal formulation was composed of 1:4 binder fine-aggregate ratio,4M NaOH concentration,and 100-kgf/cm2 ***,we used a WGW and achieved a compressive strength of 50.6 MPa after 28 days,which was greater than 32 MPa and conformed to the Grade A brick standard of National Standards of the Republic of China(13295).In conclusion,this brick fabrication method based on geopolymer technology was not only beneficial to the environment but also improved the efficiency of reutilizing WGW.

关键词： Geopolymer waste grinding wheel geopolymer bricks

Machine learning based LOS/NLOS classifier and robust estimator for GNSS shadow matching

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Satellite Navigation 2020年第1期1卷 167-178页

作者： Haosheng Xu Antonio Angrisano Salvatore Gaglione Li-ta Hsu The Hong Kong Polytechnic University KowloonHong KongPeople’s Republic of China The University of Benevento G.Fortunato BeneventoItaly.3 The University of Naples ParthenopeNaplesItaly. The University of Naples Parthenope NaplesItaly

Global Navigation Satellites Systems(GNSS)is frequently used for positioning services in various applications,e.g.,pedestrian and vehicular ***,it is well-known that GNSS positioning performs unreliably in urban *** shadow matching is a method of improving accuracy in the cross-street *** position and classification of observed satellite visibility between line-of-sight(LOS)and non-line-of-sight(NLOS)are essential for its *** the conventional LOS/NLOS classification,the classifiers are based on a single feature,extracted from raw GNSS measurements,such as signal noise ratio,pseudorange,elevation angle,*** in urban canyons,these measurements are unstable and unreliable due to the signal reflection and refraction from the surrounding ***,the conventional least square approach for positioning is insufficient to provide accurate initialization for shadow matching in urban *** our study,shadow matching is improved using the initial position from robust estimator and the satellite visibility determined by support vector machine(SVM).The robust estimator has an improved positioning accuracy and the classification rate of SVM classification can reach 91.5%in urban *** important issue is related to satellites with ultra-high or low elevation angles and satellites near the building boundary that are very likely to be *** solving this problem,the SVM classification shows the potential of about 90%classification accuracy for various urban *** the help of these approaches,the shadow matching has a mean error of 10.27 m with 1.44 m in the cross-street direction;these performances are suitable for urban positioning.

关键词： GNSS Shadow matching NLOS and machine learning Robust estimation

γ Radiative Decays to Light Quark Jets and Color Octet Mechanism

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2006年第6X期46卷 1017-1022页

作者： GAO Ying-Jia ZHANG Yu-Jie CHAO Kuang-ta Department of Physics Peking Universlty Beijlng 100871 China China Center of Advanced Science and Technology (World Laboratory) Beijing 100080 China

We study radiative decays of T to light quark jets in nonrelativistic QCD by taking both the color singlet and color octet b^-b operators into consideration. The cut for quark jet energy and cut for the angle between two quark jets are introduced. The sensitivity to the soft and collinear singularities in the loop integrals are greatly reduced by these cuts. With the jet energy cut of about 1 GeV, and the jet angle cut of about 36°, the branching ratio for γ→ rq^- is found to be 8.2 × 10^-4 from color singlet contributions. The color octet contributions could be much larger than that of color singlet, depending on the estimate of the color octet matrix elements. This process may provide a new test for the color octet mechanism in nonrelativistic QCD.

关键词： radiative decay jet color octet

Evaluation of the anti-diabetic properties of Mucuna pruriens seed extract

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第8期4卷 632-636页

作者： Stephen O Majekodunmi Ademola A Oyagbemi solomon Umukoro Oluwatoyin A Odeku Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of UyoUyoNigeria Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Veterinary Physiology Biochemistry & PharmacologyUniversity of IbadanNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria

Objective:To explore the antidiabetic properties of Mucuna pruriens(***).Methods: Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intravenous injection of 120 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate and different doses of the extract were administered to diabetic *** blood glucose level was determined using a glucometer and results were compared with normal and untreated diabetic *** acute toxicity was also determined in albino ***:Results showed that the administration of 5,10,20,30,40,50,and 100 mg/kg of the crude ethanolic extract of *** seeds to alloxan-induced diabetic rats(plasma glucose > 450 mg/dL) resulted in 18.6%,24.9%,30.8%,41.4%,49.7%,53.1%and 55.4%reduction,respectively in blood glucose level of the diabetic rats after 8h of treatment while the administration of glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/day) resulted in 59.7%*** administration of the extract resulted in a significant dose dependent reduction in the blood glucose level(P<0.001).It also showed that the antidiabetic activity of *** seeds resides in the methanolic and ethanolic fractions of the *** toxicity studies indicated that the extract was relatively safe at low doses,although some adverse reactions were observed at higher doses(8-32 mg/kg body weight),no death was ***,oral administration of *** seed extract also significandy reduced the weight loss associated with ***:The study clearly supports the traditional use of *** for the treatment of diabetes and indicates that the plant could be a good source of potent antidiabetic drug.

关键词： Antidiabetic Mucuna pruriens Hypoglycemic activity Toxicity Diabetes mellitus

Effect of household water treatment with chlorine on diarrhea among children under the age of five years in rural areas of Dire Dawa,eastern Ethiopia:a cluster randomized controlled trial

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 138-139页

作者： Ephrem Tefera solomon Sirak Robele Helmut Kloos Bezatu Mengistie Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Haramaya University College of Health and Medical SciencesHararEthiopia 不详

Background:Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity *** water treatment with chlorine significantly reduces morbidity due to waterborne ***,the effect of point-ofuse(POU)water treatment in improving the quality of water in areas where POU is not provided free of charge and the effectiveness of home visits in inspiring household members to use POU regularly have not been *** objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of drinking water disinfection by chlorination on diarrheal disease reduction among children under the age of 5 years in rural eastern ***:A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out in rural Dire Dawa from October 2018 through January *** 405 households were randomized to intervention and control arms and intervention materials were distributed after conducting a baseline *** trial evaluated the effectiveness of household drinking water disinfection by chlorination in reducing incidence of diarrhea among children under the age of 5 *** households received 1.2%sodium hypochlorite with demonstration of its proper *** in the control households continued with their usual habits of water collection and water *** estimation equations(GEE)with log link Poisson distribution family and exchangeable correlation matrix was used to compute crude incidence rate ratio(IRR),adjusted IRR and the corresponding 95%confidence ***:In the intervention households,in total,281 cases of diarrhea were documented(8.7 cases per 100 personweeks observation);in the control households,in total 446 cases of diarrhea were documented(13.8 cases per 100 person-weeks observation).A 36.0%(adjusted IRR=0.64,95%CI:0.57–0.73)reduction in incidence of diarrhea was observed in the intervention arm when compared with the control *** highest and the lowest reductions were obtained in children of age ranges 1 to 2 years

关键词： Diarrhea Effect Water treatment with chlorine Under-five children WaterGuard Cluster randomized controlled trial Ethiopia