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Assessment of groundwater quantity, quality, and associated health risk of the Tano river basin, Ghana

Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 325-353页

作者： Adwoba Kua-Manza Edjah Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo Anthony Ewusi Enoch Sakyi-yeboah David Saka Clara Turetta Giulio Cozzi David Atta-Peters Larry Pax Chegbeleh Water Resources Research Centre Ghana Atomic Energy CommissionAccraGhana Earth Science Department University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Geological Engineering Department University of Mines and TechnologyTarkwaGhana Department of Statistics University of GhanaAccraLegonGhana Institute of Polar Sciences National Research Council of ItalyVeniceItaly

In the Tano River Basin,groundwater serves as a crucial resource;however,its quantity and quality with regard to trace elements and microbiological loadings remain poorly understood due to the lack of groundwater logs and limited water *** study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Tano River Basin,focusing on three key ***,it investigated the aquifer hydraulic parameters and the results showed signiﬁcant spatial variations in borehole depths,yields,transmissivity,hydraulic conductivity,and speciﬁc *** boreholes were concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern zones,while geological formations,particu-larly the Apollonian Formation,exhibit a strong inﬂuence on borehole *** study identiﬁed areas with high transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in the southern and eastern regions,suggesting good groundwater avail-ability and suitability for sustainable water ***-ondly,the research investigated the groundwater quality and observed that the majority of borehole samples fall within WHO(Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality,Environmental Health Criteria,Geneva,2011,***://***)***,some samples have pH levels below the standards,although the groundwater generally qualiﬁes as *** study further explores hydrochemical facies and health risk assessment,highlighting the dominance of Ca–HCO3 water *** element analysis reveals minimal health risks from most elements,with chromium(Cr)as the primary contributor to chronic health ***,this study has provided a key insights into the Tano River Basin’s hydrogeology and associated health *** outcome of this research has contributed to the broader understanding of hydrogeologi-cal dynamics and the importance of managing groundwater resources sustainably in complex geological environments.

关键词： Groundwater Unsupervised machine learning technique Hydrochemistry Aquifer hydraulic parameter Health risk

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Nitrogen-based fertilizers differentially affect protist community composition in paddy field soils

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第3期6卷 35-44页

作者： Seda Ozer Bodur solomon Oloruntoba Samuel Kazuki Suzuki Naoki Harada Rasit Asiloglu Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan Department of Plant and Microbial Biology North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Institute of Science and Technology Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan

Protists are one of the most diverse and dominant microbial groups and they play critical roles in the soil *** nitrogen fertilizers have a profound impact on protist communities,still less is known about how different nitrogen fertilizer types affect protist community composition in different soil *** we investigated the effects of six inorganic nitrogen fertilizers(urea,ammonium nitrate,ammonium sulfate,potassium nitrate,ammonium chloride,and diammonium hydrogen phosphate)and an organic fertilizer(a mixture of rice husk and cow manure)on protist community composition in three paddy field soils using a high-throughput sequencing *** effect of the fertilizers on the functional groups of protists,namely consumers(predators and decomposers),photoautotrophs,and parasites(plant pathogens and animal parasites)was also *** results showed that nitrogen fertilizers had distinctive effects on the beta diversity of the protists,while we also observed that the same fertilizer had slightly different effects depending on the soil *** and Rhizaria were the most affected protist taxonomical groups,while predatory protists were the main functional groups that were affected by nitrogen *** forest analysis showed that most of the fertilizer-affected protists were predators,among which Cercozoa was the most affected *** conclusion,our results provide important insights into the impact of nitrogen fertilizers on soil protist communities.

关键词： nitrogen fertilizer bottom-up paddy field predatory protist soil protist community

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Knowledge and Attitudes of Knust Pre-Clinical Dental Students towards Orthodontic Treatment

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi Ama B. yeboah Daniel K. Sabbah The Department of Child Oral Health and Orthodontics College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Background: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-being. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) pre-clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre-clinical dental students in KNUST. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the knowledge level of KNUST pre-clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of knowledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large number having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, KNUST pre-clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of knowledge on orthodontic treatments have a keen interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.

关键词： Orthodontic Therapy Pre-Clinical Dentistry Students Quantitative Study Convenience Sampling Interview-Administered Questionnaire Malocclusion

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Recipient functional status impacts on short and long-term intestinal transplant outcomes in United States adults

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 80-94页

作者： Sarpong Boateng Prince Ameyaw solomon Gyabaah Yaw Adjepong Basile Njei Department of Medicine Yale New Haven HealthBridgeport HospitalBridgeportCT 06610United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of North TexasFort WorthTX 76107United States Department of Medicine Komfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasi KS 1934Ghana Yale University School of Medicine New HavenCT 06520United States Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

BACKGROUND Recipient functional status prior to transplantation has been found to impact post-transplant outcomes in heart,liver and kidney ***,information on how functional status,before and after transplant impacts post-transplant survival outcomes is *** To investigate the impact of recipient functional status on short and long term intestinal transplant outcomes in United States *** We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 1254 adults who underwent first-time intestinal transplantation from 2005 to *** primary outcome was *** the Karnofsky Performance Status,functional impairment was categorized as severe,moderate and *** were conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox *** The median age was 41 years,majority(53.4%)were *** impairment was present in 28.3%of *** median survival time was 906.6 *** median survival time was 1331 and 560 days for patients with normal and severe functional impairment *** with severe impairment had a 56%higher risk of mortality at one year[Hazard ratio(HR)=1.56;95%CI:1.23–1.98;P<0.001]and 58%at five years(HR=1.58;95%CI:1.24–2.00;P<0.001)compared to patients with no functional *** with worse functional status after transplant also had poor survival *** Pre-and post-transplant recipient functional status is an important prognostic indicator for short-and long-term intestinal transplant outcomes.

关键词： Intestinal transplantation Functional status Karnofsky performance status Post-transplant outcomes Survival analysis Transplant outcome

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MIMICS联合Voxar软件引导治疗空洞型肺结核1例

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介入放射学杂志 2024年第9期33卷 966-967页

作者：龚正 Nanafosu yeboah Shamas Amjsd 陈俊三峡大学呼吸病研究所宜昌市中心人民医院呼吸科湖北宜昌443003

1 临床资料患者,女,41岁,咳嗽2个月,确诊肺结核并口服抗结核药物异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺,2个月后痰及肺泡灌洗液检查示结核杆菌DNA阳性。查体:双肺呼吸音清晰,未闻及干湿性啰音。肺部CT提示左肺下叶背段空洞,较2个月前相仿... 详细信息

1 临床资料患者,女,41岁,咳嗽2个月,确诊肺结核并口服抗结核药物异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺,2个月后痰及肺泡灌洗液检查示结核杆菌DNA阳性。查体:双肺呼吸音清晰,未闻及干湿性啰音。肺部CT提示左肺下叶背段空洞,较2个月前相仿。介入手术过程:患者继续口服抗结核药物治疗,气管镜下行结核空洞内异烟肼灌注治疗;医学影像交互式控制系统(MIMICS)软件三维重建提示背段空洞容积为31.3 mL,医学可视化系统Voxar软件虚拟导航提示为左肺背段C支内侧分支(第5级支气管);给予虚拟导航支气管镜引导,0.3g异烟肼加入5mL利多卡因及15mL0.9%氯化钠溶液(总液体20 mL),导管灌入左肺背段C支外侧分支,术中患者诉轻微背痛及胸闷,无其他不适及并发症。

关键词： MIMICS软件 Voxar软件空洞型肺结核

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Injuries Associated with Auto-Tricycle Crashes in an African City: Incidence and Pattern

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期14卷 229-246页

作者： Augustus Nii Kwame Okleme David Anyitey-Kokor Dominic Konadu-yeboah Adam Gyedu Kwabena Agbedinu Johathan Boakye Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Emergency Medicine Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries resulting from auto-tricycle crashes among patients in a tertiary referral centre in Ghana. Methods: Data were retrospectively extracted from hospital records of patients who got involved in auto-tricycle crashes and presented to the Accident and Emergency Centre of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), over a one-year period using a structured questionnaire. The gathered data were then entered into an electronic database and then analysed with SPSS version 20.0. Results: The incidence of injury following auto-tricycle crashes over the one-year period was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9% - 7.0%) with a case fatality rate (FR) of 3.8% (95% CI: 1.3% - 8.7%). All the mortalities resulted from head and neck injuries and none of the patients involved wore a crash helmet. Only 5% of those studied wore crash helmets and were all drivers. Closed fractures accounted for 58% of the injuries, followed by open fractures, 28%. The most commonly fractured bones were the tibia/fibula, followed by the femur and then radius/ulna. The most common mechanism of injury was auto-tricycle toppling over (29%). Passengers were the most injured (48%), followed by drivers (37%) and pedestrians (15%). Most (72%) injuries among participants involved a single body part. On the injury severity scale, most (61%) of patients had minor trauma and 38% had major trauma. Conclusion: Auto-tricycle crashes account for 5.9% of injuries at the study site with a case fatality rate of 3.8%. Passengers had a higher injury rate (48%) than drivers (37%). Fractures of the tibia/fibula were most commonly associated with auto-tricycle crashes. Injuries to the head and neck were responsible for the deaths in the study participants and non-use of a crash helmet was associated with mortalities.

关键词： Auto-Tricycle Knock-Down Rickshaw Road Traffic Crashes

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Case series of Plummer-Vinson syndrome from Ethiopia, Sub Saharan Africa

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Gastroenterology & Hepatology Research 2024年第3期6卷 1-6页

作者： Abate Bane Shewaye Kaleb Assefa Berhane Samrawit solomon Department of Internal Medicine Adera Medical and Surgical CenterAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Addis Ababa University College of Health SciencesDepartment of Internal MedicineAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia.

Plummer-Vinson syndrome(PVS)is a rare condition marked by postcricoid dysphagia,upper esophageal webs,and iron deficiency *** has been associated with increased risk of hypopharyngeal and esophageal malignancies,necessitating early *** case series reviews four patients who presented to Adera Medical and Surgical Center in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia,with *** patients exhibited progressive dysphagia,anemia,and *** evaluation revealed esophageal webs in the upper esophagus,and treatment included iron replacement therapy and esophageal dilation as *** levels improved in all cases,with three patients experiencing complete resolution of dysphagia,while one required a repeat dilation after 6 months for recurrence.

关键词： Plummer-Vinson Syndrome(PVS) dysphagia esophageal webs iron deficiency anemia

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盐胁迫下耐盐性木霉菌的筛选与鉴定

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西北农业学报 2024年第5期33卷 951-960页

作者： solomon Boamah 张树武徐秉良李通 Alejandro Calderón-Urrea 甘肃农业大学植物保护学院/甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室兰州730070

对分离于甘肃省民勤县的6株木霉菌进行耐盐性筛选和鉴定。结果表明,随着NaCl浓度(0 to 150 mmol/L)增加显著降低6株木霉菌(TG1 to TG6)的菌落直径。与其他5株木霉菌相比,不同浓度NaCl胁迫下菌株TG1具有较强耐盐性。当NaCl浓度为50 mmol/... 详细信息

对分离于甘肃省民勤县的6株木霉菌进行耐盐性筛选和鉴定。结果表明,随着NaCl浓度(0 to 150 mmol/L)增加显著降低6株木霉菌(TG1 to TG6)的菌落直径。与其他5株木霉菌相比,不同浓度NaCl胁迫下菌株TG1具有较强耐盐性。当NaCl浓度为50 mmol/L时,培养2 d后菌株TG1产孢量和菌落直径与对照相比无显著差异,但是其孢子萌发率增加10.59%。菌株TG1在PDA培养基上菌落正面呈暗绿色,菌落背面呈暗黄色,分生孢子球形至椭圆形。分生孢子梗直角分枝,结合其形态特征将菌株TG1鉴定为***。构建菌株TG1的TEF和ITS系统发育树,结果表明菌株TG1的TEF和ITS序列分别与*** IMI 297702(EU401578.1)和***(MT889709.1)序列相似性为99.22%和100.00%。因此,结合形态特征和分子生物学分析将菌株TG1鉴定为*** TG1。与对照相比,菌株TG1在50、100和150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下产生IAA浓度分别为1.25、1.35和1.56μg/mL,而对照为0.92μg/mL。同时,在50、100和150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,TG1菌株ACC脱氨酶活性分别为0.1、0.16和0.17μmolα-ketobutyrate mg/h,而对照为0.09μmolα-ketobutyrate mg/h。

关键词：木霉盐胁迫筛选和鉴定

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Functional Outcomes of Adult Tibia Shaft Fractures Treated with Solid Intramedullary Nails versus Hollow Nails: A Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期14卷 149-172页

作者： Kwadwo Aning Abu Bernard Hammond Mohammed Issah Suglo Bukari Kizito Kakra Vormawor Ronald Awoonor-Williams David Anyitey-Kokor Paa Kwesi Baidoo Dominic Konadu-yeboah Department of Orthopaedics St. John of God Hospital Duayaw Nkwanta Ghana Directorate of Trauma and Orthopaedics Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery Tamale Teaching Hospital Tamale Ghana Department of Orthopadics and Trauma Seventh Day Adventist Hospital Asamang Ghana

Introduction: The management of fractures of the tibia shaft is an important aspect of orthopaedic care, and the selection of the surgical method for fixation can substantially impact patient outcomes. The current review aims to compare the outcomes of adult tibia fractures treated with solid nails to those treated with hollow nails. Methods: A search on Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library, using three keywords (Outcome, Tibia shaft fractures, Nail) was conducted in April 2023. Results were compiled and two independent reviewers screened and selected eligible articles After removing duplicates, titles and abstracts were read to exclude ineligible studies. Full-text articles of the remaining papers were read to select eligible studies which were further critically appraised to ascertain their methodological quality. The data extracted from the selected papers were synthesized using a combination of pooling of results, tests of statistical difference (t-test and chi-square) and narrative synthesis methods. Results: A total of 2295 articles were obtained from the databases and citation searching. A total of 9 papers were identified as eligible and included in the review. Findings revealed that there is no statistical difference in the outcomes of tibia fractures treated with either solid or hollow nail groups such as duration of surgery (p = 0.541), rate of delayed and non-union (p = 0.342), and rate of surgical site infections (p = 0.395). Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing of tibia shaft fractures with either solid or hollow nails have similar functional outcomes.

关键词： Tibia Shaft Fractures Functional Outcome SIGN Nail Hollow Nail

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Protection effect of the anthraquinones, cassiatorin and aurantio-obtusin from seeds of Senna tora against cowpea weevil attack

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第2期8卷 98-105页

作者： Valentine Chi Mbatchou Rita Akosua Dickson Isaac Kingsley Amponsah Abraham yeboah Mensah solomon Habtemariam Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry University for Development Studies Navrongo Campus Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK University of Greenwich

Objetive: To explore the potential insecticidal, ovipositor deterrent and antifeedant effects of ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Senna tora(Syn. Cassia tora) against cowpea weevil(Callosobruchus maculatus).Method: The activities were evaluated using standard *** these bioassays, the cowpea seeds were used directly as an insect feed. The activity of the extract and isolated compounds were tested at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 μg/mL and compared to neem oil and cinnamaldehyde(as standard positive controls). Phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract was done through a number of chromatographic techniques and the structures of the isolated compounds were established through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including 2 D-NMR and ESI-MS ***: Fractionation of the active ethyl acetate extract resulted in the isolation of one known anthraquinone,aurantio-obtusin(1) and a novel compound that was named as cassiatorin(2). Compounds1 and 2 showed comparable insect antifeedant properties with the positive controls while their insecticidal and ovipositor deterrent effects were far superior to the standard ***: It is thus concluded that Senna tora extracts and the isolated compounds(1 and2) may be employed in the postharvest management of stored cowpea seeds and as other crop protectants.

关键词： Senna tora Cassia tora Cassiatorin Aurantio-obtusin Insecticidal Ovipositor deterrent Antifeedant Cowpea weevil

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