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Parkland Agroforestry of Ethiopia;Key to Production, Productivity, Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation: A Review

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Open Journal of Forestry 2018年第4期8卷 472-488页

作者： solomon estifanos bekele School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia

Compiled information on parkland agroforestry tree species in relation to diversity, tree management options and the challenges of the system is important for production and productivity, and biodiversity conservation through availing the required information which in turn has an implication to the sustainability of the system and climate change mitigation. So, the aim of this review paper is to compile information on parkland agroforestry practices of Ethiopia, particularly: on tree species diversity, their roles, management options available and challenges of the practice. Parkland agroforestry which is a system practiced by many local populations comprises the large part of agricultural landscapes in Ethiopia and is very important in different aspects such as;for food security, microclimate amelioration, economic benefits, environmental protection, household energy, household utensils, cultural values, traditional medicines, and fodder. There are many indigenous multipurpose tree species scattered on farmlands in Ethiopia, and the common one includes: Millettia ferruginea, Cordia africana, Ficus vasta, Ficus sur, Croton macrostachyus and Faidherbia albida. However, nowadays these trees are facing challenges like: expansion of exotic trees in the expense of the native ones, expansion of cash crops through removal of the parkland trees from the farm area, climate change, land shortage and tenure system which require high emphasis for the production and productivity as well as sustainability of the system especially, in this era of climate change;hence this system is one of climate change mitigation options.

关键词： Climate Change Diversity Parkland Management Practices Tenure System Soil Fertility

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Bone marrow-derived microglia confer neuroprotection to a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2586-2587页

作者： Beka solomon Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Researchthe George S.Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel-Aviv UniversityRamat AvivIsrael

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes the progressive loss of both upper and lower motor neurons in the brain,brainstem,and spinal *** exact mechanisms of ALS are still unclear,but genetic and molecular studies have revealed some key factors that may contribute to motor neuron *** motor neurons,other cell types in the nervous system,such as reactive astrocytes and activated microglia,also show pathological changes and secrete harmful substances and inflammatory cytokines(Appel et al.,2011).

关键词： sclerosis brainstem

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Provenance and Paleoclimate of the Triassic to Middle Jurassic Adigrat Sandstone,Blue Nile Basin,Central Ethiopia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 1007-1020页

作者： bekele BARSISA Ayalew DEREJE Kidanemariam GILAMICHAEL Atnafu BALEMWAL Raphaël PIK Department of Earth Sciences Wollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia Department of Earth Sciences Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Departments of Anthropology Geography and GeologyEast Los Angeles CollegeLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA CRPG(UMR 7358 CNRS&Universitéde Lorraine) 15 rue ND des pauvres BP2054501 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy CedexFrance

Mineralogical and geochemical studies have been undertaken on the Triassic to Lower Jurassic Adigrat Sandstone of the Blue Nile Basin of central Ethiopia to infer its source rock type,paleoweathering,and paleoclimatic *** Adigrat Sandstone occurs at the basal section of the Mesozoic sedimentary formation and unconformably overlays the Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic crystalline rocks,or locally,the Karroo sediments in the northern Blue Nile Basin.A mineralogical study reveals that quartz(Q),feldspars(F),and lithic fragments(L)are the framework grains of the *** the QFL diagram,the plot of the modal composition of the sandstone mainly falls within the feldspathic arenite and quartzose arenite *** geochemical data of the lower section of the sandstone mainly falls within the arkose and subarkose fields,whereas the upper section data falls within the quartzose and sublithic arenite *** and geochemical weathering indices indicate that the provenances of the Adigrat Sandstone were exposed to pronounced weathering intensity,where the lower part of the sandstone was controlled by arid to semi-arid conditions,whereas the upper section was linked to humid to semi-humid(tropical to subtropical)climatic *** and geochemical data also indicate that mafic to intermediate basement rocks were the primary source rocks of the *** the sediment was assumed to have been reworked by multi-cyclic sedimentary *** discriminant function diagram,the REE pattern,La/Th ***/Yb,and the Th–Hf–Co plot are consistent.A comparison of provenance studies for the Adigrat Sandstone in the Blue Nile Basin and the Mekele outlier of northern Ethiopia indicates that the sediment of the former is highly sorted,experienced higher weathering intensity,and compositionally derived from mafic to intermediate crystalline *** the other hand,the sediment of the latter is essentially a weathering product of felsic rocks.

关键词： mineralogical geochemical paleoweathering humid provenance Adigrat Sandstone

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Energy potential assessment and techno-economic analysis of micro hydro-photovoltaic hybrid system in Goda Warke village, Ethiopia

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第1期8卷 237-260页

作者： Feyissa, Ephrem Assefa Tibba, Getachew Shunki Binchebo, Tarekegn Limore bekele, Endeshaw Alemu Kole, Adem Tibesso Bule Hora Univ Dept Mech Engn Bule Hora Ethiopia Menschen fuer Menschen Fdn Agro Tech & Technol Coll Harar Ethiopia Jimma Inst Technol Fac Mech Engn Jimma Ethiopia Silesian Tech Univ Dept Thermal Technol Gliwice Poland Jimma Agr Engn Res Ctr Oromia Agr Res Inst Jimma Ethiopia

Rural Ethiopia has significant untapped potential for hydro and solar energy generation systems. However, challenges arise from seasonal variations and unfavourable topographic positions of flowing rivers, hindering the efficient exploitation of these resources. Despite the country's abundance in hydro and solar energy resources, >75% of the population still lack access to electricity from the national grid. This work deals with energy resource potential assessment and techno-economic analysis of micro hydro-photovoltaic (PV) hybrid systems, considered in the case study of Goda Warke village, located in the Yaya Gulele district. A novel framework is proposed that utilizes the Natural Resource Soil Conservation Service curve number method to assess the energy potential of micro-hydro energy in ungauged basins, specifically at the exit point of the Girar River basin catchment. The average monthly flow rate in the basin is 0.975 m3/s, while the area exhibits a solar radiation potential of 5.39 kWh/m2/day. Energy policy promotes expanding access to modern energy sources and utilization of indigenous energy resources. Simulation results indicate that the hydro/PV/diesel generator (DG)/battery and hydro/PV/battery systems are the most optimal choices based on net present cost, with the inclusion of a DG for economic comparison. Micro-hydro energy covers most of the electric load in the area, achieving a capacity factor of 47.5%. The cost of energy and net present cost were found to be sensitive to variables such as the price of diesel fuel, pipe head loss, and the growth of the village load. The optimized system demonstrated a hydro energy potential of 1405.37 MWh/year and a PV energy output of 274.04 MWh/year, resulting in a levelized cost of energy of 0.0057 and 0.049 $/kWh for the hydro and PV components, respectively. [Graphical Abstract]

关键词： energy potential hybrid micro hydro-photovoltaic Natural Resource Soil Conservation Service curve number sensitivity variable RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS POWER-GENERATION BATTERY AREA OPTIMIZATION FEASIBILITY BASINS RUNOFF

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Covalent organic frameworks:Design,synthesis,characterization,and applications

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ChemPhysMater 2024年第1期3卷 36-63页

作者： solomon Oluwaseun Akinnawo Department of Chemical Sciences Olusegun Agagu University of Science and TechnologyP.M.B 353OkitipupaNigeria

Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have emerged as an interesting class of crystalline porous materials with desirable properties(such as highly ordered porosity,structural versatility,high chemical and thermal stabilities,and facile surface modification)and a broad range of potential *** critical review is aimed at providing insight into design strategies and synthetic methodologies for *** previous reviews on COFs,this article also focuses on the characterization of COFs,which is important for understanding the physical and chemical properties of COFs that are essential for practical ***,this review highlights the applications of COFs in various fields,including catalysis,photovoltaic devices,sensors,supercapacitors,wastewater treatment,biomedicine,chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses,and gas separation and ***,perspectives on future directions and challenges associated with COFs are provided.

关键词： Crystalline Covalent organic framework Catalysis Porous material Wastewater treatment

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Electro-optic tuning in composite silicon photonics based on ferroionic 2D materials

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 852-864页

作者： Ghada Dushaq solomon Serunjogi Srinivasa R.Tamalampudi Mahmoud Rasras Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University Abu DhabiP.O.Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates NYU Tandon School of Engineering New York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Tunable optical materials are indispensable elements in modern optoelectronics,especially in integrated photonics circuits where precise control over the effective refractive index is essential for diverse ***-dimensional materials like transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)and graphene exhibit remarkable optical responses to external ***,achieving distinctive modulation across short-wave infrared(SWIR)regions while enabling precise phase control at low signal loss within a compact footprint remains an ongoing *** this work,we unveil the robust electro-refractive response of multilayer ferroionic two-dimensional CuCrP2S6(CCPS)in the near-infrared wavelength *** integrating CCPS into silicon photonics(SiPh)microring resonators(MRR),we enhance lightmatter interaction and measurement sensitivity to minute phase and absorption *** show that electrically driven Cu ions can tune the effective refractive index on the order of 2.8×10−3 RIU(refractive index unit)while preserving extinction ratios and resonance ***,these devices exhibit low optical losses and excellent modulation efficiency of 0.25 *** with a consistent blue shift in the resonance wavelengths among all devices for either polarity of the applied *** results outperform earlier findings on phase shifters based on ***,our study demonstrates distinct variations in electro-optic tuning sensitivity when comparing transverse electric(TE)and transverse magnetic(TM)modes,revealing a polarization-dependent response that paves the way for diverse applications in light *** combined optoelectronic and ionotronic capabilities of two-terminal CCPS devices present extensive opportunities across several *** potential applications range from phased arrays and optical switching to their use in environmental sensing and metrology,optical imaging systems,and neuromorphic systems in light-sensitive artificial synapses.

关键词： tuning polarization refractive

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Association of Serum Folate and Vitamin B_(12) Concentrations with Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期37卷 242-253页

作者： ZHU Qian Rang KOK E Dieuwertje bekele Hailu Tesfaye MANUSAMA Koen ZHANG Jing Xian XIE Wei ZONG Wen Qi ZUO Hui ZHANG Jian KAMPMAN Ellen DAI Yue Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nanjing 210009JiangsuChina Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University&ResearchWageningen 176700 AAThe Netherlands School of Public Health Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123JiangsuChina National Institute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the associations of serum folate and/or vitamin B12 concentrations with obesity among Chinese children and *** A cross-sectional study was conducted including 3,079 Chinese children and adolescents,aged 6 to 17 years,from Jiangsu,*** indices,such as,children's body mass index(BMI),BMI z-scores,waist circumference,and waist-to-height ratio were *** linear regression and generalized additive models were used to investigate the associations of serum folate and vitamin B12 levels with anthropometric indices and odds of *** We observed that serum vitamin B12 concentrations were inversely associated with all anthropometric indices and the odds of general obesity[odds ratio(OR)=0.68;95%confidence interval(CI)=0.59,0.78]and abdominal obesity(OR=0.68;95%CI=0.60,0.77).When compared to participants with both serum vitamin levels in the two middle quartiles,those with both serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in the highest quartile were less prone to general(OR=0.31,95%CI=0.19,0.50)or abdominal obesity(OR=0.46,95%CI=0.31,0.67).Conversely,participants with vitamin B12 levels in the lowest quartile alongside folate levels in the highest quartile had higher odds of abdominal obesity(OR=2.06,95%CI=1.09,3.91).Conclusion Higher serum vitamin B12 concentrations,but not serum folate concentrations,were associated with lower odds of childhood *** and adolescents with high levels of vitamin B12 and folate were less likely to be obese.

关键词： Folate Vitamin B12 Childhood obesity Micronutrient

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Nitrogen-based fertilizers differentially affect protist community composition in paddy field soils

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第3期6卷 35-44页

作者： Seda Ozer Bodur solomon Oloruntoba Samuel Kazuki Suzuki Naoki Harada Rasit Asiloglu Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan Department of Plant and Microbial Biology North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Institute of Science and Technology Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan

Protists are one of the most diverse and dominant microbial groups and they play critical roles in the soil *** nitrogen fertilizers have a profound impact on protist communities,still less is known about how different nitrogen fertilizer types affect protist community composition in different soil *** we investigated the effects of six inorganic nitrogen fertilizers(urea,ammonium nitrate,ammonium sulfate,potassium nitrate,ammonium chloride,and diammonium hydrogen phosphate)and an organic fertilizer(a mixture of rice husk and cow manure)on protist community composition in three paddy field soils using a high-throughput sequencing *** effect of the fertilizers on the functional groups of protists,namely consumers(predators and decomposers),photoautotrophs,and parasites(plant pathogens and animal parasites)was also *** results showed that nitrogen fertilizers had distinctive effects on the beta diversity of the protists,while we also observed that the same fertilizer had slightly different effects depending on the soil *** and Rhizaria were the most affected protist taxonomical groups,while predatory protists were the main functional groups that were affected by nitrogen *** forest analysis showed that most of the fertilizer-affected protists were predators,among which Cercozoa was the most affected *** conclusion,our results provide important insights into the impact of nitrogen fertilizers on soil protist communities.

关键词： nitrogen fertilizer bottom-up paddy field predatory protist soil protist community

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Recipient functional status impacts on short and long-term intestinal transplant outcomes in United States adults

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 80-94页

作者： Sarpong Boateng Prince Ameyaw solomon Gyabaah Yaw Adjepong Basile Njei Department of Medicine Yale New Haven HealthBridgeport HospitalBridgeportCT 06610United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of North TexasFort WorthTX 76107United States Department of Medicine Komfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasi KS 1934Ghana Yale University School of Medicine New HavenCT 06520United States Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

BACKGROUND Recipient functional status prior to transplantation has been found to impact post-transplant outcomes in heart,liver and kidney ***,information on how functional status,before and after transplant impacts post-transplant survival outcomes is *** To investigate the impact of recipient functional status on short and long term intestinal transplant outcomes in United States *** We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 1254 adults who underwent first-time intestinal transplantation from 2005 to *** primary outcome was *** the Karnofsky Performance Status,functional impairment was categorized as severe,moderate and *** were conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox *** The median age was 41 years,majority(53.4%)were *** impairment was present in 28.3%of *** median survival time was 906.6 *** median survival time was 1331 and 560 days for patients with normal and severe functional impairment *** with severe impairment had a 56%higher risk of mortality at one year[Hazard ratio(HR)=1.56;95%CI:1.23–1.98;P<0.001]and 58%at five years(HR=1.58;95%CI:1.24–2.00;P<0.001)compared to patients with no functional *** with worse functional status after transplant also had poor survival *** Pre-and post-transplant recipient functional status is an important prognostic indicator for short-and long-term intestinal transplant outcomes.

关键词： Intestinal transplantation Functional status Karnofsky performance status Post-transplant outcomes Survival analysis Transplant outcome

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Case series of Plummer-Vinson syndrome from Ethiopia, Sub Saharan Africa

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Gastroenterology & Hepatology Research 2024年第3期6卷 1-6页

作者： Abate Bane Shewaye Kaleb Assefa Berhane Samrawit solomon Department of Internal Medicine Adera Medical and Surgical CenterAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Addis Ababa University College of Health SciencesDepartment of Internal MedicineAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia.

Plummer-Vinson syndrome(PVS)is a rare condition marked by postcricoid dysphagia,upper esophageal webs,and iron deficiency *** has been associated with increased risk of hypopharyngeal and esophageal malignancies,necessitating early *** case series reviews four patients who presented to Adera Medical and Surgical Center in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia,with *** patients exhibited progressive dysphagia,anemia,and *** evaluation revealed esophageal webs in the upper esophagus,and treatment included iron replacement therapy and esophageal dilation as *** levels improved in all cases,with three patients experiencing complete resolution of dysphagia,while one required a repeat dilation after 6 months for recurrence.

关键词： Plummer-Vinson Syndrome(PVS) dysphagia esophageal webs iron deficiency anemia

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