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Escape to the high canopy thermal deficiency causes niche expansion in a forest-floor ant

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 699-707页

作者： Bernhard Seifert patrick Fiedler Roland Schultz Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Gorlitz 02826 Gorlitz Germany Faculty of Environmental Sciences Technical University Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany

The small formicoxenine ant Temnothorax saxonicus was known from about 40 localities in Central Europe nesting in anorganie substrates on floor of xerothermous forests whereas investigations of 198 tree canopies in 19 forest sites of the same region provided no indication for arboreal nesting or foraging. We present the first evidence for canopy-nesting populations of T. saxonicus on old Quercus trees in 3 sites having maximum calibrated topsoil temperatures of 17.9 ± 0.3 ℃ which were significantly （P 〈 0.007） lower than 22.8 ± 2.0 ℃ measured in 5 sites with ground-nesting populations. The thermal deficit on forest floor inhibits brood development in ground nests and caused a moving to canopy were maximum calibrated temperatures of the, now wooden, substrates are at least 26.1 ℃for the whole canopy and 30.8 ℃ in more sun-exposed spots. T. saxonieus competed here successfully with the obligatory canopy ants T. affinis and T. cortiealis. The distributional data of this rope-climbing study support former results that highest nest densities of small arboreal ants occur in temperate climate over the entire canopy mantle of single trees situated in open land or in park-like environments but occur in the top of the canopy in tree stands with high degree of canopy closure.

关键词： canopy temperature foraging distance microhabitat selection soil temper-ature soil temperature calibration Temnothorax

Coronatine-lnsensitive 1 （COI1） Mediates Transcriptional Responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to External Potassium Supply

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Molecular Plant 2010年第2期3卷 390-405页

作者： patrick Armengaud Rainer Breitling Anna Amtmann Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK Present address: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unite de nutrition azotee des plantes RD10 78026 Versailles Cedex France Groningen Bioinformatics Centre University of Groningen Kerklaan 30 9751 NN Haren The Netherlands

The ability to adjust growth and development to the availability of mineral nutrients in the soil is an essential life skill of plants but the underlying signaling pathways are poorly understood. In Arab/dops/s thal/ana, shortage of po- tassium （K） induces a number of genes related to the phytohormone jasmonic acid （JA）. Using comparative microarray analysis of wild-type and coi1-16 mutant plants, we classified transcriptional responses to K with respect to their depen- dence on COI1, a central component of oxylipin signaling. Expression profiles obtained in a short-term experiment clearly distinguished between COil-dependent and COil-independent K-responsive genes, and identified both known and novel targets of JA-COIl-signaling. During long-term K-deficiency, coi-16 mutants displayed de novo responses covering similar functions as COil-targets except for defense. A putative role of JA for enhancing the defense potential of K-deficient plants was further supported by the observation that plants grown on low K were less damaged by thrips than plants grown with sufficient K.

关键词： Hormonal regulation nutrition secondary metabolism/natural products transcriptome analysis plantinsect interactions Arabidopsis.

DNA barcoding-based species delimitation increases species count of Eois （Geometridae） moths in a well-studied tropical mountain forest by up to 50%

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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 349-362页

作者： patrick Strutzenberger Gunnar Brehm Konrad Fiedler Department of Animal Biodiversity University of Vienna Rennweg 14 1030 Wien Austria Institut for Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum Friedrich Schiller Universitat Erbertstrasse 1 07743 Jena Germany

The genus Eois comprises an important part of megadiverse assemblages of geometrid moths in mountain rainforests of southern Ecuador. In this study we report：（i） on the construction of a DNA barcode library of Eois for identification purposes; and （ii） the exploration of species diversity through species delimitation by pair-wise distance thresholds. COl barcode sequences were generated from 408 individuals （at least 105 species） collected on a narrow geographic scale （-40 km2） in the Reserva Bioldgica San Francisco. Analyses of barcode sequence divergence showed that species delimitations based solely on external morphology result in broad overlap of intra- and interspecific distances. Species delimitation at a 2% pair-wise distance threshold reveals a clear barcoding gap. Fifty-two previously unrecognized species were identified, 31 of which could only be distinguished by an integrative taxonomy approach. Twelve additional putative species could only be recognized by threshold-based delimitation. Most splits resulted in two or three newly perceived cryptic taxa. The present study increased the number of Eois species recorded from that small area of Andean mountain forest from 102 to 154 （morphology- plus integrative taxonomy-based） or even 166 （sequence-based）, leaving the species accumulation curve still far from reaching an asymptote. Notably, in no case did two or more previously distinguished morphospecies have to be lumped. This barcode inventory can be used to match larvae to known adult samples without rearing, and will therefore be of vital help to extend the currently limited knowledge about food plant relationships and host specialization.

关键词： cryptic species Ecuador integrative taxonomy Larentiinae larvae

Experimental investigation of control updating period monitoring in industrial PLC-based fast MPC： Application to the constrained control of a cryogenic refrigerator

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Control Theory and Technology 2017年第2期15卷 92-108页

作者： Francois BONNE Mazen ALAMIR patrick BONNAY Universite Grenoble Alpes INAC-SBT F-38000 Grenoble France CNRS Gipsa-lab Universite Grenoble Alpes F-3800 Grenoble France

In this paper, a complete industrial validation of a recently published scheme for on-line adaptation of the control updating period in model predictive control is proposed. The industrial process that serves in the validation is a cryogenic refrigerator that is used to cool the supra-conductors involved in particle accelerators or experimental nuclear reactors. Two recently predicted features are validated： the first states that it is sometimes better to use less efficient （per iteration） optimizer if the lack of efficiency is overmcompensated by an increase in the updating control frequency. The second is that for a given solver, it is worth monitoring the control updating period based on the on-line measured behavior of the cost function.

关键词： Fast MPC cryogenic refrigerators control updating period ODE-based optimization

On the Dirichlet form of three-dimensional Brownian motion conditioned to hit the origin

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Science China Mathematics 2019年第8期62卷 1477-1492页

作者： patrick J. Fitzsimmons Liping Li Department of Mathematics University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0112 USA RCSDS HCMS Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Our concern in this paper is the energy form induced by an eigenfunction of a self-adjoint extension of the restriction of the Laplace operator to C_c^∞(R^3\{0}).We will prove that this energy form is a regular Dirichlet form with core C_c^∞(R^3).The associated diffusion X behaves like a 3-dimensional Brownian motion with a mild radial drift when far from 0,subject to an ever-stronger push toward 0 near that *** particular,{0}is not a polar set with respect to *** diffusion X is rotation invariant,and admits a skew-product representation before hitting{0}:its radial part is a diffusion on(0,∞)and its angular part is a time-changed Brownian motion on the sphere S^*** radial part of X is a"reflected"extension of the radial part of X^0(the part process of X before hitting{0}).Moreover,X is the unique reflecting extension of X^0,but X is not a semi-martingale.

关键词： Dirichlet form reflected extension rotationally invariant process Fukushima’s decomposition

The role of crystallinity on differential attachment/ proliferation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on poly （caprolactone-co-glycolide） polymeric surfaces

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2012年第1期6卷 47-59页

作者： Helen CUI patrick J.SINKO Advanced Technology and Regenerative Medicine(ATRM) LLCSomervilleNJ 08876USA Department of Pharmaceutics Ernest Mario School of PharmacyRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA

The objective of the present study is to systematically evaluate the role of polymer crystallinity on fibroblast and osteoblast adhesion and proliferation using a series of poly（caprolactone-co-glycolide）（PCL/PGA） polymers. PCL/PGA polymers were selected since they reflect both highly crystalline and amorphous materials. PCL/PGA polymeric materials were fabricated by compression molding into thin films. Five compositions, from PCL or PGA to intermediate copolymeric compositions of PCL/PGA in ratios of 25：75, 35：65 and 45：55, were studied. Pure PCL and PGA represented the crystalline materials while the copolymers were amorphous. The polymers/copolymers were characterized using DSC to assess crystallinity, contact angle measurement for hydrophobicity, and AFM for nanotopography. The PCL/PGA films demonstrated similar hydrophobicity and nanotopography whereas they differed significantly in crystallinity. Cell adhesion to and proliferation on PCL/PGA films and proliferation studies were performed using osteoblasts and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. It was observed that highly crystalline and rigid PCL and PGA surfaces were significantly more efficient in supporting fibroblast growth, whereas amorphous/flexible PCL/PGA 35：65 was significantly more efficient in supporting growth of osteoblasts. This study demonstrated that while chemical composition, hydrophobicity and surface roughness of PCL/PGA polymers were held constant, crystallinity and rigidity of PCL/PGA played major roles in determining cell responses.

关键词： crystallinity attachment proliferation osteoblast fibroblast PCL-PGA

Newt life after fish introduction： extirpation of paedomorphosis in a mountain fish lake and newt use of satellite pools

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 61-69页

作者： Mathieu DENOEL patrick SCIME Nicola ZAMBELLI Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology Behavioural Biology Unit Department of Biology Ecology andEvolution University of Liege 22 Quai van Beneden 4020 Liege Belgium Via Maestra 3 6930 BedanoSwitzerland Museo Cantonale di Storia Naturale V. C. Cattaneo 4 6901 Lugano Switzerland

Fish introduction is one of the main causes of amphibian decline worldwide. It affects particularly rare aquatic phenotypes such as paedomorphs, which retain gills during the adult stage. In this context, we determined whether small wetlands, such as pools surrounding fished and fishless lakes, could sustain paedomorphic and metamorphic newts. To this end, we surveyed lakes known historically to sustain Alpine newts Ichthyosaura alpestris as well as 35 nearby pools. On the basis of the published records, the only known population exhibiting paedomorphosis in the Swiss AIps was found to be extirpated by salmonid introductions. However, the metamorphs persisted in per- ipheral pools, paedomorphosis was discovered at a new locality, and overwintering larvae were still present in one of the lakes. These results show the importance of conserving varied aquatic habitats such as pools in mountainous environments where the main resources can become un- suitable for amphibians because of fish introductions. Pools may also function as reservoirs in maintaining newt populations until programs to remove fish from lakes can be carried out. It is not known if paedomorphs could reappear after fish removal. However, the combined resilience of am- phibians after fish removal and the genetic basis for paedomorphosis highlighted in other taxa by previous studies suggest that there is the potential to maintain this intraspecific case of diversity even after its disappearance.

关键词： alps amphibian decline fish introduction mountain lake Alpine newt paedomorphosis pool wetland.

Management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage:Controversies and areas of uncertainty

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第11期18卷 1159-1165页

作者： Eric P Trawick patrick S Yachimski Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionVanderbilt University Medical Center

Upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage （UGIH） remains a common presentation requiring urgent evaluation and treatment. Accurate assessment, appropriate intervention and apt clinical skills are needed for proper management from time of presentation to discharge. The advent of pharmacologic acid suppression, endoscopic hemostatic techniques, and recognition of Helicobacter pylori as an etiologic agent in peptic ulcer disease （PUD） has revolutionized the treatment of UGIH. Despite this, acute UGIH still carries considerable rates of morbidity and mortality. This review aims to discuss current areas of uncertainty and controversy in the management of UGIH. Neoadjuvant proton pump inhibitor （PPI） therapy has become standard empiric treatment for UGIH given that PUD is the leading cause of non variceal UGIH, and PPIs are extremely effective at promoting ulcer healing. Howeve, neoadjuvant PPI administration has not been shown to affect hard clinical outcomes such as rebleeding or mortality. The optimal timing of upper endoscopy in UGIH is often debated. Upon completion of volume resuscitation and hemodynamic stabilization, upper endoscopy should be performed within 24 h in all patientswith evidence of UGIH for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. With rising healthcare cost paramount in today＇s medical landscape, the ability to appropriately triage UGIH patients is of increasing value. Upper en- doscopy in conjunction with the clinical scenario allows for accurate decision making concerning early discharge home in low risk lesions or admission for further moni toring and treatment in higher risk lesions. Concomitant pharmacotherapy with non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） and antiplatelet agents, such as clopidogrel, has a major impact on the etiology, severib/, and potential treatment of UGIH. Long term PPI use in patients taking chronic NSAIDs or clopidogrel is discussed thoroughly in this review.

关键词： Hemorrhage Proton pump inhibitors He/i-cobacter py/ori Prokinetic agents Hemostasis Thieno-pyridines

Application of CRISPR/Cas-mediated base editing for directed protein evolution in plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第4期63卷 613-616页

作者： Niklas Capdeville patrick Schindele Holger Puchta Botanical Institute Molecular Biology and BiochemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany

Breeding for improved cultivars of existing crops depends mainly on the available amount of genetic variability in yield or quality related *** thousands of years,humans have relied on naturally occurring mutations to recombine and select improved *** chemical or physical mutagens,the amount and range of mutations could be increased,accelerating the development of new ***,naturally occurring or randomly induced mutations lead to unpredictable breeding outcomes and therefore necessitate tedious rounds of backcrossing to eventually produce useful phenotypes(Pacher and Puchta,2017).

关键词： breeding crops cultivar