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Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed andrew MacDonald Jamila Skinner Harley Williams Julie E.Strychowsky M.Elise Graham Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada faculty of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school *** number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to *** are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional *** presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the *** study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by ***:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and ***‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of ***:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter *** presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in *** efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

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Recent advances in the diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第7期16卷 370-379页

作者： Christos Kourek Alexandros Briasoulis Dimitrios E Magouliotis Panagiotis Georgoulias Grigorios Giamouzis filippos Triposkiadis John Skoularigis andrew Xanthopoulos Clinical Ergospirometry Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory1^(st)Critical Care Medicine DepartmentEvangelismos HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 10676Greece Department of Clinical Therapeutics Alexandra HospitalFaculty of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11528Greece Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of ThessalyLarissa BiopolisLarissa 41110Greece Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece Department of Cardiology School of MedicineUniversity Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece

Cardiac amyloidosis is a progressive disease characterized by the buildup of amyloid fibrils in the extracellular space of the *** is divided in 2 main types,immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis(ATTR),and ATTR amyloidosis is further divided in 2 subtypes,non-hereditary wild type ATTR and hereditary mutant variant *** and prevalence of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis is increasing over the last years due to the improvements in diagnostic *** rates are improving due to the development of novel therapeutic *** is the only disease-modifying approved therapy in ATTR amyloidosis so ***,the most recent advances in medical therapies have added more options with the potential to become part of the therapeutic armamentarium of the *** including acoramidis,eplontersen,vutrisiran,patisiran and anti-monoclonal antibody NI006 are being investigated on cardiac function in large,multicenter controlled trials which are expected to be completed within the next 2-3 years,providing promising results in patients with ATTR cardiac ***,further and ongoing research is required in order to improve diagnostic methods that could provide an early diagnosis,as well as survival and quality of life of these patients.

关键词： Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis Tafamidis Acoramidis Eplontersen Vutrisiran Patisiran

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Research surveys and their evolution:Past,current and future uses in healthcare

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第4期14卷 91-95页

作者： Michael Colwill Richard Pollok andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom

Research surveys are believed to have originated in antiquity with evidence of them being performed in ancient Egypt and *** the past century,their use has grown significantly and they are now one of the most frequently employed research methods including in the field of *** validation techniques and processes have allowed researchers to broaden the scope of qualitative data they can gather through these surveys such as an individual’s views on service quality to nationwide surveys that are undertaken regularly to follow healthcare *** article focuses on the evolution and current utility of research surveys,different methodologies employed in their creation,the advantages and disadvantages of different forms and their future use in healthcare *** also review the role artificial intelligence and the importance of increased patient participation in the development of these surveys in order to obtain more accurate and clinically relevant data.

关键词： Research surveys Methodology Sampling Artificial intelligence

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Gastrointestinal tuberculosis:Diagnostic approaches for this uncommon pathology

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第23期12卷 5283-5287页

作者： Lottie Brown Michael Colwill andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom

A case report entitled“Primary gastroduodenal tuberculosis presenting as gastric outlet obstruction”recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases presented a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction and highlighted the atypical manner in which gastrointestinal tuberculosis(TB)can *** literature with regards to this rare pathology is limited to case reports and case series with the largest being published using data from between 2003 and ***,since then the diagnostic tools available have significantly changed with more modern and increasingly accurate tests now *** editorial reviews the current state of the art with regards to diagnosis in gastrointestinal TB.

关键词： Gastrointestinal tuberculosis Diagnostic approach Microbiology Serology Molecular diagnosis Infectious disease

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Biobanks and biomarkers:Their current and future role in biomedical research

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第4期14卷 77-83页

作者： Michael Colwill Samantha Baillie Richard Pollok andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom

The importance and utility of biobanks has increased exponentially since their inception and *** used as part of translational research,they now contribute over 40%of data for all cancer research papers in the United States of America and play a crucial role in all aspects of *** classification systems exist but a simplified approach is to either classify as population-based or disease-oriented *** historically publicly funded institutions,there has been a significant increase in industry funded entities across the world which has changed the dynamic of biobanks offering new possibilities but also new *** face legal questions over data sharing and intellectual property as well as ethical and sustainability questions particularly as the world attempts to move to a low-carbon *** collaboration is required to address some of these challenges but this in itself is fraught with complexity and *** review will examine the current utility of biobanks in the modern healthcare setting as well as the current and future challenges these vital institutions face.

关键词： Biobanks Biomarkers Biomedical research Research methodology Research ethics

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CYP3A5 unexpectedly regulates glucose metabolism through the AKT-TXNIP-GLUT1 axis in pancreatic cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 381-399页

作者： Ming Shao Qingfei Pan Haiyan Tan Jing Wu Ha Won Lee andrew D.Huber William C.Wright Ji-Hoon Cho Jiyang Yu Junmin Peng Taosheng Chen Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Computational Biology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Structural Biology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Developmental Neurobiology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA

CYP3A5 is a cytochrome P450(CYP)enzyme that metabolizes drugs and contributes to drug resistance in ***,it remains unclear whether CYP3A5 directly influences cancer *** this report,we demonstrate that CYP3A5 regulates glucose metabolism in pancreatic ductal ***-omics analysis showed that CYP3A5 knockdown re-sults in a decrease in various glucose-related metabolites through its effect on glucose trans-port.A mechanistic study revealed that CYP3A5 enriches the glucose transporter GLUT1 at the plasma membrane by restricting the translation of TXNIP,a negative regulator of ***,CYP3A5-generated reactive oxygen species were proved to be responsible for atten-uating the AKT-4EBP1-TXNIP signaling ***3A5 contributes to cell migration by maintaining high glucose uptake in pancreatic *** together,our results,for the first time,reveal a role of CYP3A5 in glucose metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and identify a novel mechanism that is a potential therapeutic target.

关键词： Cell migration CYP3A5 Glucose metabolism GLUT1 Pancreatic cancer TXNIP

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Overview of the Third Global forum

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计算机教育 2024年第3期 5-9页

作者： andrew Yao Xia Yin Jia Jia Guoliang Li Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences Tsinghua University Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University

Computer science continues to grow at a rapid pace,raising the issue of how universities can best adapt to this *** the third Global forum on the Development of Computer Science(GfDCS),five heads of departments of computer science from Asia,Europe,and North America came together to exchange ideas under the theme Challenges and Opportunities of Computer Science in the New *** the discussions,a number of new challenges were explored,including how to meet the growing demand for computer science education,how to manage increased teaching loads,how to foster collaboration between computer science and other disciplines,how to raise ethical awareness,and how to support new“transdisciplinary”modes of education and *** the same time,there was a consensus on the need to strengthen the role of computer science in other departments,the importance of industrial collaboration,and the need for more scalable approaches to *** evolving role of computer science within the context of broader science was also discussed.

关键词： Global forum on the Development of Computer Science Challenges and Opportunities of Computer Science Transdisciplinary Computer Science education and research

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Network analyses:Inhibition of androgen receptor signaling reduces inflammation in the lung through AR-MAf-IL6 signaling axes

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 140-143页

作者： Albert R.Wang andrew M.Baschnagel Zijian Ni Sean R.Brennan Hypatia K.Newton Darya Buehler Christina Kendziorski Randall J.Kimple Gopal lyer Department of Human Oncology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center MadisonWI 53705USA Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705USA

Androgen receptor(AR)is a major transcription factor that plays a role in inflammatory response including interleukin-6(IL6)signaling.1 While AR regulation through paracrine loop signaling in prostate tissue is well-studied,its impact through an IL6 autocrine loop in the lung has not been wellstudied despite the organ's response to respiratory viral *** inhibition and RNA knockdown of AR identified a bZIP transcription factor MAf to be a common target of inflammation using these perturbations in lung cells.

关键词： inflammation lung respiratory

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Chemosensitizing Effect of Monk fruit Extract on Human Bladder Cancer Cells

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2024年第6期15卷 250-264页

作者： Sensuke Konno Jonathan Wong andrew Penunuri Kelvin Zheng Muhammad Choudhury Department of Urology New York Medical College Valhalla New York USA

The outcomes of chemotherapy have been unsatisfactory with the palpable side effects. We hypothesized that natural products might help improve chemotherapy with few side effects. Recently, we came across the bioactive extracts of monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenori) with anticancer activity. We then investigated if these extracts might have chemosensitizing effect to improve the efficacy of drugs clinically used today. four different drugs, cisplatin (CPL), carboplatin (CBL), mitomycin C (MMC), and gemcitabine (GEM), were used in this study. Human bladder cancer T24 cells were treated with each drug itself or drug combined with either LLE or MOG (two types of monk fruit extracts). Cell viability was determined to assess anticancer effect and also explored the anticancer mechanism of such combinations, focusing on the status of glycolysis, cell cycle, and chromatin structure. Cell viability test showed that all drugs had anticancer activity, reducing cell viability, but only CPL showed the enhanced anticancer effect when combined with LLE (not with MOG). The rest of three drugs had no such effects with LLE or MOG. The CPL/LLE combination was found to disrupt glycolysis, by inhibiting hexokinase activity, resulted in the decreased ATP synthesis. This combination also blocked the cell cycle progression, due to a G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the two epigenetic regulators, DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase, were inactivated with the combination, indicating chromatin modifications. Ultimately, these treated cells were found to undergo apoptosis. In conclusion, anticancer activity of CPL can be significantly enhanced with LLE. This chemosensitizing effect is attributed to the glycolysis inhibition, a G1 cell cycle arrest, and chromatin modifications, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Thus, certain natural products such as LLE could be used as an adjuvant agent in current chemotherapy, improving the drug efficacy but minimizing side effects.

关键词： Monk fruit Anticancer Bladder Cancer Chemosensitization Lakanto

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Information Security in the Cloud: Emerging Trends and Challenges

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2024年第5期17卷 69-80页

作者： Keerthana Chitreddy andrew Mikhl Anthony Chinna Manikanta Bandaru Olatunde Abiona Department of Computer Information Systems Indiana University Northwest Gary IN USA

This article explores the evolution of cloud computing, its advantages over traditional on-premises infrastructure, and its impact on information security. The study presents a comprehensive literature review covering various cloud infrastructure offerings and security models. Additionally, it deeply analyzes real-life case studies illustrating successful cloud migrations and highlights common information security threats in current cloud computing. The article concludes by offering recommendations to businesses to protect themselves from cloud data breaches and providing insights into selecting a suitable cloud services provider from an information security perspective.

关键词： Cloud Computing Information Security Cloud Infrastructure Offerings Cloud Migration Security Measures Data Breaches Cloud Service Providers Cybersecurity Cloud Security Case Studies Cloud Threat Landscape Data Encryption Compliance Cloud Security Tools

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