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假如拥有一台行星级计算机会怎样?

科技纵览 2024年第3期 38-47,4页

作者： Karl Schroeder andrew Archer(图) 不详

多年来,计算机的组件越做越小,计算机变得越来越强大。但是,计算机到底能有多大呢?我们能把一颗星球变成一台计算机吗?如果可以,我们能用它来做什么?在考虑这些问题时,我们需要超越常规的技术预测,进入完全猜想的王国。为此,偶尔涉足科... 详细信息

多年来,计算机的组件越做越小,计算机变得越来越强大。但是,计算机到底能有多大呢?我们能把一颗星球变成一台计算机吗?如果可以,我们能用它来做什么?在考虑这些问题时,我们需要超越常规的技术预测,进入完全猜想的王国。为此,偶尔涉足科幻小说的本刊通过卡尔,施罗德(Kar Schroeder)的一篇短篇小说,讲述将水星变为计算机所带来的意外结果。因为故事内容要比本刊一般的文章更加广泛,所以我们给故事添加了背景和注释,说明它仍然基于真实的科学和技术。

关键词：科幻小说计算机科学和技术组件故事

始新世中期安宁河断裂冲断变形特征及其构造意义:来自断层泥自生伊利石K-Ar定年的证据

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地学前缘 2024年第4期31卷 297-313页

作者：童馗李智武刘树根 I.Tonguç UYSAL 施泽进李金玺 andrew TODD 武文慧王自剑刘升武李轲华天成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室四川成都610059 成都理工大学地质资源与地质工程博士后流动站四川成都610059 CSIRO Energy 26 Dick Perry AvenueKensingtonWA 6151Australia 西华大学四川成都610039 School of the Environment The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia 西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院四川成都610051

青藏高原及其周缘褶皱-冲断带变形方式和时限是验证高原形成众多大陆岩石圈变形动力学端员模型的关键。近年发展起来的断层泥自生伊利石K-Ar定年技术为精确限定褶皱-冲断带变形时限提供了有效手段。鲜水河—安宁河—小江断裂系作为伴随... 详细信息

青藏高原及其周缘褶皱-冲断带变形方式和时限是验证高原形成众多大陆岩石圈变形动力学端员模型的关键。近年发展起来的断层泥自生伊利石K-Ar定年技术为精确限定褶皱-冲断带变形时限提供了有效手段。鲜水河—安宁河—小江断裂系作为伴随印度-欧亚板块碰撞造山和高原物质侧向挤出过程形成的大型左旋走滑断裂系,其变形过程可为解译印度-欧亚板块碰撞远程应力向东传递方式提供关键证据。本文选取安宁河断裂冕宁—西昌段作为研究对象,在详细构造解析以明确其构造运动学特征的基础上,开展了断层泥自生伊利石K-Ar定年研究,以期精确限定安宁河断裂脆性变形的时间。构造解析表明安宁河断裂在近EW向挤压作用下经历了冲断变形,断层带发育碎斑岩和断层泥,指示为脆性变形。安宁河断裂不同粒级断层泥样品的黏土矿物学和伊利石K-Ar定年分析揭示,随着样品粒级减小,高温2M1型伊利石含量相对低温1M/1Md型伊利石含量逐渐减少,其K-Ar年龄总体呈变年轻趋势,表明不同粒级伊利石K-Ar年龄是由碎屑2M1型和自生1M/1Md型两个多型端员组成的混合年龄。伊利石年龄分析获得自生1M/1Md型伊利石的年龄为(42.6±9.4)Ma,表明安宁河断裂经历了始新世中期的冲断变形。结合前人构造变形、沉积学、低温热年代学和古地磁等研究,我们认为始新世中期青藏高原腹地及其周缘褶皱-冲断带发生准同期的构造挤压变形,其动力学机制可能与印度-欧亚板块硬碰撞以及青藏高原地块的陆内俯冲所导致的先存构造带活化有关。始新世中期安宁河断裂发生冲断变形直接证明印度-欧亚板块碰撞初期的远程应力已传递至青藏高原东南缘地区。

关键词：安宁河断裂断层泥自生伊利石 K-Ar定年始新世中期

Population structure and body condition of White-crested Elaenia(Elaenia albiceps)in relation to habitat in a modiffed Neotropical forest landscape

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 160-165页

作者： Roberto f.Thomson andrew G.Gosler Edward Grey Institute of field Ornithology Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOX13PSOxfordUK Laboratorio de Ecología de Vida Silvestre Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Conservacion de la NaturalezaUniversidad de ChileSanta Rosa#11315La PintanaRegion MetropolitanaChile Institute of Human Sciences The Pauling Centre58a Banbury Rd.OxfordOX26QSUK

Despite the widely accepted view that planted forests are valuable habitat for wildlife species,there is a lack of empirical evidence showing the suitability of this novel habitat,especially in relation to plantations of exotic tree ***,little is known about the effects of forest management on the ecology and dynamics of wild populations in the *** the breeding season,the migrant flycatcher White-crested Elaenia is the most abundant bird species in forested landscapes in *** several years we have studied different aspects of these artificial forests in the coastal range of south-central Chile as habitat for the species,particularly in contrast to the native *** general,our results indicate that plantation forests offer a poorer quality habitat,where the density of the species tends to be lower than in the native forest,although a significant edge effect suggests that its quality can be mitigated by planting as a matrix mosaic with native ***,compared to native forests,populations in plantations contained a higher proportion of younger adult individuals maintaining larger territories,and showing poorer body *** suggest that these differences could also have an impact on the birds'longevity and survival.

关键词： Body condition Migrant Planted forests Survival Temperate forests Territory

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行动主义的呼唤

科学新闻 2024年第2期 59-60页

作者： andrew Sharo 倪伟波加州大学圣克鲁斯分校国家科学基金会

“我目前没有被起诉以及其他刑事或民事指控……”在读到美国国家科学基金会（NSf）研究生奖学金年度续期表格上的声明时，我突然感到自己站在了十字路口。3个月前，我被指控犯有盗窃罪——表格上列出的罪行之一——因为动物权利活动。...

“我目前没有被起诉以及其他刑事或民事指控……”在读到美国国家科学基金会（NSf）研究生奖学金年度续期表格上的声明时，我突然感到自己站在了十字路口。3个月前，我被指控犯有盗窃罪——表格上列出的罪行之一——因为动物权利活动。我相信我的行为是合法的，不是盗窃，希望陪审团能同意我的观点。但在反复思考中，我害怕失去奖学金，害怕进监狱。我从不怀疑自己做了正确的事。然而，我现在面临的处境是，行动主义可能会危及我的研究事业。

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Specialized deep neural networks for battery health prognostics:Opportunities and challenges

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第12期87卷 416-438,I0011页

作者： Jingyuan Zhao Xuebing Han Minggao Ouyang andrew f.Burke Institute of Transportation Studies University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Lithium-ion batteries are key drivers of the renewable energy revolution,bolstered by progress in battery design,modelling,and ***,achieving high-performance battery health prognostics is a significant *** the availability of open data and software,coupled with automated simulations,deep learning has become an integral component of battery health *** offer a comprehensive overview of potential deep learning techniques specifically designed for modeling and forecasting the dynamics of multiphysics and multiscale battery *** this,we provide a concise summary of publicly available lithium-ion battery test and cycle *** providing illustrative examples,we emphasize the efficacy of five techniques capable of enhancing deep learning for accurate battery state prediction and health-focused *** of these techniques offers unique benefits.(1)Transformer models address challenges using self-attention mechanisms and positional encoding methods.(2) Transfer learning improves learning tasks within a target domain by leveraging knowledge from a source domain.(3) Physics-informed learning uses prior knowledge to enhance learning algorithms.(4)Generative adversarial networks(GANs) earn praise for their ability to generate diverse and high-quality outputs,exhibiting outstanding performance with complex datasets.(5) Deep reinforcement learning enables an agent to make optimal decisions through continuous interactions with its environment,thus maximizing cumulative *** this Review,we highlight examples that employ these techniques for battery health prognostics,summarizing both their challenges and *** methodologies offer promising prospects for researchers and industry professionals,enabling the creation of specialized network architectures that autonomously extract features,especially for long-range spatial-temporal connections across extended *** outcomes could include improved accura

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries State of health Lifetime Deep learning Transformer Transfer learning Physics-informed learning Generative adversarial networks Reinforcement learning Open data

Reflections on the quest to obtain biological information from genomic data

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Quantitative Biology 2021年第3期9卷 251-254页

作者： andrew f.Neuwald The Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201USA

The 20th anniversary of the completion of the Human Genome Project offers an opportunity to reflect on early efforts to make biological sense out of genomic *** interest in genomic analysis began at Washington University in 1988 while I was a postdoc in Doug Berg’s laboratory,which was in the same building as the laboratory of Maynard Olson,one of the founders of the Human Genome Project.

关键词： anniversary completion Washington

Recent advances in the diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第7期16卷 370-379页

作者： Christos Kourek Alexandros Briasoulis Dimitrios E Magouliotis Panagiotis Georgoulias Grigorios Giamouzis filippos Triposkiadis John Skoularigis andrew Xanthopoulos Clinical Ergospirometry Exercise and Rehabilitation Laboratory1^(st)Critical Care Medicine DepartmentEvangelismos HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 10676Greece Department of Clinical Therapeutics Alexandra HospitalFaculty of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11528Greece Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of ThessalyLarissa BiopolisLarissa 41110Greece Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece Department of Cardiology School of MedicineUniversity Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece

Cardiac amyloidosis is a progressive disease characterized by the buildup of amyloid fibrils in the extracellular space of the *** is divided in 2 main types,immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis(ATTR),and ATTR amyloidosis is further divided in 2 subtypes,non-hereditary wild type ATTR and hereditary mutant variant *** and prevalence of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis is increasing over the last years due to the improvements in diagnostic *** rates are improving due to the development of novel therapeutic *** is the only disease-modifying approved therapy in ATTR amyloidosis so ***,the most recent advances in medical therapies have added more options with the potential to become part of the therapeutic armamentarium of the *** including acoramidis,eplontersen,vutrisiran,patisiran and anti-monoclonal antibody NI006 are being investigated on cardiac function in large,multicenter controlled trials which are expected to be completed within the next 2-3 years,providing promising results in patients with ATTR cardiac ***,further and ongoing research is required in order to improve diagnostic methods that could provide an early diagnosis,as well as survival and quality of life of these patients.

关键词： Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis Tafamidis Acoramidis Eplontersen Vutrisiran Patisiran

Anal cancer screening in women with a history of human papillomavirusrelated lower genital tract cancers:a pilot study

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 88-93页

作者： Isobel Mary Poynten fengyi Jin Rhonda farrell Trevor Tejada-Berges Carmella Law Richard Hillman Jennifer Roberts andrew Grulich The Kirby Institute University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Chris O'Brien Lifehouse SydneyNew South WalesAustralia Prince of Wales Private Hospital RandwickNew South WalesAustralia Dysplasia and Anal Cancer Services St Vincent's Hospital SydneyDarlinghurstNewSouthWalesAustralia Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Objectives Women diagnosed with a history of lower genital tract cancer(LGTC)and precancer are at increased risk of anal *** for anal cancer in a manner analogous to cervical cancer may detect precursor anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(HSILs)and prevent progression to *** In a pilot study of anal cancer screening,women with previous LGTC and aged≥18 years in Sydney,Australia underwent a digital anorectal examination,anal swab for human papillomavirus(HPV)and p16/Ki67 testing and completeda *** with positive HPV and/or p16/Ki67 results were referred for a high-resolution anoscopy(HRA)and evaluation of their *** Of 52 participants,46 agreed to screening and 6 provided demographic information *** age was 46.5 years(IQR:36.059.0).Anal high-risk HPV(HRHPV)was detected in only seven(15.2%)participants(three HPV16).Eight(17.4%)had positive p16/Ki67 dual staining,with invalid results for 25(54.4%).0f 10 women referred for HRA,9 attended and 3 had HSILs,representing 6.5%of the screened *** were completed by 41 participants(89.1%).The majority reported that being screenedwas reassuring(97.5%)and was positive for their health(95.1%).Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated a lower-than-expected prevalence of anal *** with HRHPV and p16/Ki67 staining identified anal HSILs in 6.5%of ***,screeningwas viewed as beneficial by almost all *** utility of p16/Ki67dual staining was low,suggesting it may not be a suitable anal cancer screening methodology.

关键词： pilot Sydney screening

functional-trait ecology of the plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ecosystem

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 87-103页

作者： andrew T.smith BADINGQIUYING Maxwell C.WILSON Brigitte W.HOGAN School of Life Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA School of Geographical Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningChina

Understanding a species’functional traits allows for a directed and productive perspective on the role a species plays in nature,and thus its relative importance to conservation *** functionaltrait ecology of the plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae is examined to better understand the resilience and sustainability of the high alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP).The key functional traits of plateau pikas are their abundance and behavior of digging extensive burrow *** pikas have been poisoned over a significant part of their original geographic distribution across the QTP,allowing comparison of ecological communities with and without *** all mammalian and avian carnivores,most of which are obligate predators on pikas,have been lost in regions where pikas have been *** endemic birds on the QTP nest in pika burrows;when pikas are poisoned,burrows collapse,and these birds are greatly reduced in *** to the biopedturbation resulting from their burrows,regional plant species richness is higher in areas with pikas than *** presence of pika burrows allows higher rates of infiltration during heavy monsoon rains compared to poisoned areas,possibly mitigating runoff and the potential for serious downslope erosion and ***,the functional traits of plateau pikas enhance native biodiversity and other important ecosystem functions;these traits are *** plateau pikas are not natural colonizers,active reintroduction programs are needed to restore pikas to areas from which they have been poisoned to restore the important functional ecological traits of pikas.

关键词： ecosystem engineer functional-trait ecology keystone species Ochotona curzoniae re-introduction