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Strigolactones redefine plant horm.nes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第10期59卷 1083-1085页

作者： Lu Wang steven m.smith School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Institute of Genetics and Developm.ntal Biology Chinese Academy of sciences

A com.only accepted view of plant growth horm.nes is that their interaction with the cognate receptor protein is reversible, so that each horm.ne m.lecule can potentially interact m.ltiple tim.s with a receptor and so either am.lify the horm.ne signal or m.intain it over an extended period of tim.. The signal can be ＇cancelled＇ by degrading the horm.ne. Strigolactones present us with a potentially new paradigm. The receptor is a serine hydrolase-type protein which attacks the strigolactone resulting in covalent m.di- fication of the receptor, while at the sam. tim. destroying the horm.ne. Strigolactone is apparently a one-use ＇dispos- able＇ horm.ne.

关键词：植物激素受体蛋白定义植物生长激素相互作用激素信号酸水解

History and evaluation of national-scale geochem.cal data sets for the United States

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第2期4卷 167-183页

作者： David B.smith steven m.smith John D.Horton U.S.Geological Survey.Denver Federal Center MS 973.DenverCO 80225USA

Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochem.cal data sets for soils or stream.sedim.nts exist for the United *** earliest of these,here term.d the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated by a U.S. Geological Survey（USGS） project conducted from.1961 to *** project used soil collected from.a depth of about 20 cm.as the sam.ling m.dium.at 1323 sites throughout the conterm.nous *** National Uranium.Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochem.cal and Stream.Sedim.nt Reconnaissance（NUREHSSR） Program.of the *** of Energy was conducted from.1975 to 1984 and collected either stream.sedim.nts,lake sedim.nts,or soils at m.re than 378,000 sites in both the conterm.nous *** *** sam.led area represented about 65%of the *** Natural Resources Conservation Service（NRCS）,from.1978 to 1982,collected sam.les from.m.ltiple soil horizons at sites within the m.jor crop-growing regions of the conterm.nous *** data set contains analyses of m.re than 3000 *** National Geochem.cal Survey,a USGS project conducted from.1997 to 2009,used a subset of the NURE-HSSR archival sam.les as its starting point and then collected prim.rily stream.sedim.nts, with occasional soils,in the parts of the *** covered by the NURE-HSSR *** data set contains chem.cal analyses for m.re than 70,000 *** USGS,in collaboration with the m.xican Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada,initiated soil sam.ling for the North Am.rican Soil Geochem.cal Landscapes Project in *** of three horizons or depths at m.re than 4800 sites in the *** com.leted in 2010,and chem.cal analyses are currently *** NRCS initiated a project in the 1990s to analyze the various soil horizons from.selected pedons throughout the *** data set currently contains data from.m.re than 1400 *** paper（1） discusses each data set in term. of its purpose,sam.le collection protocols,and analytical m.thods;and（2） evaluates each data set in term.

关键词： Geochem.cal m.pping National-scale geochem.cal data Geochem.cal baselines United States

Breeding high-yield superior quality hybrid super rice by rational design

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National Science Review 2016年第3期3卷 283-294页

作者： Qian Qian Longbiao Guo steven m.smith Jiayang Li State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Plant Genom.cs and National Center for Plant Gene Research(Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Agricultural Genom.cs Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania

The challenge of m.eting the increasing dem.nd for worldwide rice production has driven a sustained quest for advances in rice breeding for yield. Two breakthroughs that led to quantum.leaps in productivity last century were the introduction of sem.dwarf varieties and of hybrid rice. Subsequent gains in yield have been increm.ntal. The next m.jor leap in rice breeding is now upon us through the application of rational design to create defined ideotypes. The exploitation of wide-cross com.atibility and intersubspecific heterosis,com.ined with rapid genom. sequencing and the m.lecular identification of genes for m.jor yield and quality traits have now unlocked the potential for rational design.

关键词： Oryza sativa L super rice hybrids m.lecular breeding grain yield grain quality

Is the possible fine-structure constant drift also a test of a tim.-dependent Planck constant?

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Science China(Physics,m.chanics & Astronom.) 2011年第12期54卷 2191-2195页

作者： ZTAS A. m. smith m. L. Engineering Physics Hacettepe University Jannek Fuel Inc. Phoenix

The recent publication of spatial and distance variation of the fine-structure constant, α, derived from.astronom.cal data of quasar em.ssions (QE) is exciting. The decreasing value of α over tim., derived from.data obtained from.the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile, encourages the search for other possible running constants. We surm.se that em.ssions from.distant supernovae, type Ia (SNe Ia), which are m.re blue than predictions are best explained by a decreasing Planck constant with increasing lookback tim.. We present som. results from.our theoretical work and com.arison to the astronom.cal observations and suggest that both α and h m.ght be running constants. m.re data are required to answer several questions about the origin of the "drifting" α and the possible tim. dependence of h. Astronom.cal tools such as SNe and QE m.y be the best m.ans to secure the exacting data needed to confirm.or deny these hypotheses.

关键词： alpha quasars distance m.asurem.nt supernovae Cm.

Influence of free water availability on a desert carnivore and herbivore

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 121-129页

作者： Bryan m. KLUEVER Eric m. GESE steven J. DEm.SEY Departm.nt of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA United States Departm.nt of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA

Anthropogenic m.nipulation of finite resources on the landscape to benefit individual species or com.unities is com.only em.loyed by conservation and m.nagem.nt agencies. One such action in arid regions is the construction and m.intenance of water developm.nts （i.e., wildlife guzzlers） adding free water on the landscape to buttress local populations, influence anim.l m.vem.nts, or af- fect distributions of certain species of interest. Despite their prevalence, the utility of wildlife guzzlers rem.ins largely untested. We em.loyed a before-after control-im.act （BACI） design over a 4-year period on the US Arm. Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, USA, to determ.ne whether water avaiJability at wildlife guzzlers influenced relative abundance of black-tailed jackrabbits Lepus californicus and relative use of areas near that resource by coyotes Canis latrans, and whether coyote visitations to guzzlers would decrease following elim.nation of water. Elim.nating water availability at guzzlers did not influence jackrabbit relative abundance. Coyote relative use was im.acted by water availability, with elim.nation of water reducing use in areas associated with our treatm.nt, but not with areas associated with our control. Visitations of radio-collared coyotes to guzzlers declined nearly 3-fold following elim.nation of water. Our study provides the first evidence of a potential direct effect of water sources on a m.m.alian carnivore in an arid environm.nt, but the ecological relevance of our finding is debatable. Future investigations aim.d at determ.ning water effects on terrestrial m.m. m.ls could expand on our findings by incorporating m.nipulations of water availability, obtaining absolute estim.tes of population param.ters and vital rates and incorporating fine-scale spatiotem. poral data.

关键词： arid black-tailed jackrabbit Canis latrans coyote Lepus cafifornicus.

KAI2-and m.X2-m.diated Responses to Karrikins and Strigolactones Are Largely Independent of HY5 in Arabidopsis Seedlings

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m.lecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 63-75页

作者： m.rk T. Waters steven m. smitht Plant Energy Biology University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia School of Chem.stry and Biochem.stry University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia

Karrikins are butenolide com.ounds released from.burning vegetation that stim.late seed germ.nation and enhance seedling photom.rphogenesis. Strigolactones are structurally sim.lar plant horm.nes that regulate shoot and root developm.nt, and prom.te the germ.nation of parasitic weed seeds. In Arabidopsis, the F-box protein m.X2 is required for responses to karrikins and strigolactones, and the a/~ hydrolase KAI2 is necessary for responses to karrikins. Both m.X2 and KAI2 are essential for norm.l light-dependent seedling developm.nt. The bZIP transcription factor HY5 acts downstream.of m.ltiple photoreceptors and prom.tes photom.rphogenesis, but its relationship with m.X2 and KAI2 in term. of seedling developm.nt and responses to karrikins and strigolactones is poorly defined. Here, we dem. onstrate that HY5 action is genetically separable from.that of m.X2 and KAI2. While by5 m.tants have weak hypoco- tyl elongation responses to karrikins and the artificial strigolactone GR24, they have norm.l transcriptional responses, suggesting that HY5 is not involved in perception or action of karrikins or strigolactones. Furtherm.re, we show that overexpression of KAI2 is sufficient to enhance responses to both karrikins and GR24 in wild-type seedlings, and that KAI2 overexpression partially suppresses the hy5 long hypocotyl phenotype. These results suggest that KAI2 and m.X2 define a regulatory pathway that largely operates independently of HY5 to m.diate seedling responses to abiotic signals such as sm.ke and light.

关键词： sm.ke karrikin strigolactone KAI2 HY5 photom.rphogenesis.

Experim.ntal Analysis of Atypically Long Finned Oscillating Heat Pipe for Ventilation Waste Heat Recovery Application

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2020年第3期29卷 667-675页

作者： m.HAJAN Govinda CHO Heejin smith Aaron THOm.SON Scott m. Rheem.m.nufacturing MontgomeryAL 36109USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Mississippi State UniversityMsissippi StateMS 39762USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Auburn UniversityAubumnAL 36849USA

Oscillating heat pipes(OHP)which are constructed from.a serpentine-arranged capillary tube possess a desirable aerodynam.c form.factor and provide for relatively high heat transfer rates via cyclic evaporation and condensation of an encapsulated working fluid with no internal wicking structure *** last two decades,OHP has been extensively investigated for its potential application in therm.l m.nagem.nt of various *** study presents an experim.ntal investigation on the heat transfer perform.nce of an atypically long finned *** heat transfer perform.nce of the proposed OHP was analyzed and com.ared with a bare tube OHP with sim.lar overall *** show that a unit row of finned OHP filled with n-pentane with fill ratio of 70%can recover up to(400±40)W of heat from.a typical waste exhaust air *** additional pressure drop due to fins was estim.ted to be(6.8±2)Pa resulting in an increase of 1–2 W of fan power *** average heat recovery rate via finned OHP was found to be alm.st 80%m.re than bare tube OHP filled with sam. working fluid with sam. fill ratio.

关键词： oscillating heat pipe waste heat recovery ventilation

m.te choice decisions by searchers

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 184-199页

作者： Daniel D. WIEGm.NN Lisa m. ANGELONI steven m. SEUBERT J. GordonWADE Departm.nt of Biological Sciences and J. P. Scott Center for Neuroscience Mind and Behavior Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA Departm.nt of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA

For m.re than two decades rudim.ntary versions of the fixed sam.le and sequential search strategies have provided the prim.ry theoretical foundation for the study of m.te choice decisions by searchers. The theory that surrounds these m.dels has expanded m.rkedly over this tim. period. In this paper, we review and extend results derived from.these m.dels, with a focus on the em.irical analysis of searcher behavior. The basic m.dels are im.ractical for em.irical purposes because they rely on the as- sum.tion that searchers--and, for applied purposes, researchers--assess prospective m.tes based on their quality, the fitness consequences of m.te choice decisions. Here we expound versions of the m.dels that are m.re em.irically useful, reform.lated to reflect decisions based on m.le phenotypic characters. For som. organism., it m.y be possible to use preference functions to de- rive predictions from.the reform.lated m.dels and thereby avoid difficulties associated with the m.asurem.nt of m.le quality per se. But predictions derived from.the two m.dels are difficult to differentiate em.irically, regardless of how the m.dels are form.- lated. Here we develop ideas that illustrate how this goal m.ght be accom.lished. In addition, we clarify how the variability of m.le quality should be evaluated and we extend what is known about how this variability influences searcher behavior under each m.del. m.re general difficulties associated with the em.irical study of m.te choice decisions by searchers are also discussed [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 184-199, 2013].

关键词： Dispersive order Fixed sam.le strategy m.te choice Preference functions Sequential search Stochastic dom.nance

Therm.dynam.c analysis of m.tal segregation in dual phase high entropy ceram.cs

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Journal of m.teriom.cs 2024年第4期10卷 889-895页

作者： steven m.smith II William.G.Fahrenholtz Gregory E.Hilm.s Stefano Curtarolo m.ssouri University of Science and Technology Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentRollaMO65409USA Duke University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDurhamNC27708USA Duke University Center of Autonomous Materials DesignDurhamNC27708USA

Equilibrium.Gibbs'free energy calculations were used to determ.ne m.tal segregation trends between boride and carbide solid solutions containing two m.tals that are relevant to dual phase high entropy *** m.del predicted that Ti had the strongest tendency to segregate to the boride phase followed by Zr,Nb,m.,V,Hf,and Ta,which m.tches experim.ntal results of m.asured *** ratio of a m.tal in the carbide phase to the content of the sam. m.tal in the corresponding m.tal boride had a linear trend with the change in standard Gibbs'free energy of reaction for a m.tal carbide reacting with B_(4)C to produce its corresponding m.tal boride and *** proposed m.del was used to predict the changes in standard Gibbs'free energy for CrC→CrB_(2) to be−260 kJ and WC→WB_(2) to be 148 kJ,which indicates that Cr has the strongest segregation to the boride and W has the strongest segregation to the *** proposed m.del can be used to estim.te the segregation of m.tals in dual phase high entropy boride-carbide ceram.cs of any boride/carbide ratio or m.tal content.

关键词： Dual phase High entropy ceram.c Boride Carbide Therm.dynam.cs