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Impact of Initial Soil Conditions on Soil Hydrothermal and Surface Energy Fluxes in the Permafrost Region of the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 717-736页

作者： siqiong luo Zihang CHEN Jingyuan WANG Tonghua WU Yao XIAO Yongping QIAO Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Accurate initial soil conditions play a crucial role in simulating soil hydrothermal and surface energy fluxes in land surface process *** study emphasized the influence of the initial soil temperature(ST)and soil moisture(SM)conditions on a land surface energy and water simulation in the permafrost region in the Tibetan Plateau(TP)using the Community Land Model version 5.0(CLM5.0).The results indicate that the default initial schemes for ST and SM in CLM5.0 were simplistic,and inaccurately represented the soil characteristics of permafrost in the TP which led to underestimating ST during the freezing period while overestimating ST and underestimating SLW during the thawing period at the XDT *** the long-term spin-up method to obtain initial soil conditions has only led to limited improvement in simulating soil hydrothermal and surface energy *** modified initial soil schemes proposed in this study comprehensively incorporate the characteristics of permafrost,which coexists with soil liquid water(SLW),and soil ice(SI)when the ST is below freezing temperature,effectively enhancing the accuracy of the simulated soil hydrothermal and surface energy ***,the modified initial soil schemes greatly improved upon the results achieved through the long-term spin-up *** modified initial soil schemes experiments resulted in a 64%,88%,and 77%reduction in the average mean bias error(MBE)of ST,and a 13%,21%,and 19%reduction in the average root-mean-square error(RMSE)of SLW compared to the default simulation ***,the average MBE of net radiation was reduced by 7%,22%,and 21%.

关键词： initial soil conditions soil temperature soil liquid water soil ice surface energy fluxes permafrost

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Research progress on the water vapor channel within the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon, China

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第5期17卷 10-15页

作者： Xuelong Chen Yajing Liu Yaoming Ma Xiangde Xu Xin Xu Luhan Li Dianbin Cao Qiang Zhang Gaili Wang Maoshan Li siqiong luo Xin Wang Land–Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Disastrous Weather China Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijingChina The Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina College of Atmospheric Sciences Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduChina

The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program tasked a research team with the“Investigation of the water vapor channel of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon(INVC)”in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau(TP).This paper summarizes the scientific achievements obtained from the data collected by the INVC observation network and highlights the progress in investigating the development of heavy rainfall events associated with water vapor *** rain gauge network of the INVC can represent the impacts of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon(YGC)topography on precipitation at the hourly *** microphysical characteristics of the precipitation in the YGC are different than those in the lowland *** GPM-IMERG(Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement)satellite precipitation data for the YGC region should be calibrated before they are *** meridional water vapor flux through the YGC is more important than the zonal flux for the precipitation over the southeastern *** decreased precipitation around the YGC region is partly due to the decreased meridional water vapor flux passing through the ***-resolution numerical models can benefit precipitation forecasting in this region by using a combination of specific schemes that capture the valley wind and water vapor flux along the valley floor.

关键词： Water vapor channel Land-air interaction Mountian meteorology Extreme rainfall Observation network

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Geographical differences of leaf traits of the endangered plant Litsea coreana *** and its relationship with climate

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 125-135页

作者： Gangyi Yuan Qiqiang Guo Yaqin Zhang Qin Gui Na Xie siqiong luo Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou ProvinceCollege of ForestryGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025People’s Republic of China

Seventeen morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves were selected from five natural populations to explore the variation in leaf traits of Lits ea core ana *** and the effects of geographical environment on these *** analysis of variance,multiple comparisons,principal component analysis(PCA),and correlation analysis were conducted to explore the variations within and between populations and their correlation with geographical and climatic *** differences in the 17 leaf traits were observed within and among *** average,the relative contribution of within population variation to total variation was 24.8%,which was lower than among population variation(54.6%).The average differentiation coefficient of the traits was 65.8%,and the average coefficient of variation 11.8%,ranging from6.7%for main vein thickness to 21.4%for petiole *** PC A results showed that morphological characteristics were divided into two categories,and the level of variation was greater than that of leaf *** of the leaf traits were significantly correlated with geography and climate and showed a gradual variation with longitude,latitude,and *** areas with high temperatures,less rainfall,and strong seasonal rainfall,the leaves are larger,longer and *** study shows that variations in leaf traits of *** *** mainly come from variations among *** level of trait differentiation among populations is high and the level of variation within populations *** findings help further understand leaf morphological characteristics of this species and can provide a valuable reference for the protection and sustainable utilization of this natural resource.

关键词： Litsea coreana var.sinensis Climate Leaf trait variations Natural populations Endangered species

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Improving CLM4.5 Simulations of Land–Atmosphere Exchange during Freeze–Thaw Processes on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2017年第5期31卷 916-930页

作者： siqiong luo Xuewei FANG Shihua LYU Yu ZHANG Boli CHEN Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University of Information Technology Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology Changzhou Meteorological Bureau

Soil is heterogeneous and has different thermal and hydraulic properties, causing varied behavior in heat and mois- ture transport. Therefore, soil has an important effect on lanatmosphere interactions. In this study, an improved soil parameterization scheme that considers gravel and organic matter in the soil was introduced into CLM4.5 （Com- munity Land Model）. By using data from the Zoige and Madoi sites on the Tibetan Plateau, the ability of the model to simultaneously simulate the duration of freeze-thaw periods, soil temperature, soil moisture, and surface energy during freeze-thaw processes, was validated. The results indicated that：（1） the new parameterization performed bet- ter in simulating the duration of the frozen, thawing, unfrozen, and freezing periods; （2） with the new scheme, the soil thermal conductivity values were decreased; （3） the new parameterization improved soil temperature simulation and effectively decreased cold biases; （4） the new parameterization scheme effectively decreased the dry biases of soil li- quid water content during the freezing, completely frozen, and thawing periods, but increased the wet biases during the completely thawed period; and （5） the net radiation, latent heat flux, and soil surface heat flux of the Zoige and Madoi sites were much improved by the new organic matter and thermal conductivity parameterization.

关键词： land surface model freeze-thaw processes gravel and organic matter Tibetan Plateau

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Simulated effect of soil freeze-thaw process on surface hydrologic and thermal fluxes in frozen ground region of the Northern Hemisphere

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2021年第1期13卷 18-29页

作者： Di Ma siqiong luo DongLin Guo ShiHua Lyu XianHong Meng BoLi Chen LiHui luo Key Laboratory for Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhouGansu 730000China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Atmospheric Sciences Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduSichuan 610225China Changzhou Meteorological Bureau ChangzhouJiangsu 213000China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

Soil freeze-thaw process is closely related to surface energy budget,hydrological activity,and terrestrial *** this study,two numerical experiments(including and excluding soil freeze-thaw process)were designed to examine the effect of soil freeze-thaw process on surface hydrologic and thermal fluxes in frozen ground region in the Northern Hemisphere based on the state-of-the-art Community Earth System Model version *** show that in response to soil freeze-thaw process,the area averaged soil temperature in the shallow layer(0.0175−0.0451 m)decreases by 0.35℃in the TP(Tibetan Plateau),0.69℃in CES(Central and Eastern Siberia),and 0.6℃in NA(North America)during summer,and increases by 1.93℃in the TP,2.28℃in CES and 1.61℃in NA during winter,***,in response to soil freeze-thaw process,the area averaged soil liquid water content increases in summer and decrease in *** surface heat flux components,the ground heat flux is most significantly affected by the freeze-thaw process in both summer and winter,followed by sensible heat flux and latent heat flux in *** the TP area,the ground heat flux increases by 2.82 W/m2(28.5%)in summer and decreases by 3.63 W/m2(40%)in ***,in CES,the ground heat flux increases by 1.89 W/m2(11.3%)in summer and decreases by 1.41 W/m2(18.6%)in *** heat fluxes in the Tibetan Plateau are more susceptible to the freeze-thaw process compared with the high-latitude frozen soil *** freeze-thaw process can induce significant warming in the Tibetan Plateau in ***,this process induces significant cooling in high-latitude regions in *** frozen ground can prevent soil liquid water from infiltrating to deep soil layers at the beginning of thawing;however,as the frozen ground thaws continuously,the infiltration of the liquid water increases and the deep soil can store water like a sponge,accompanied by decreasing surface *** influence of the soil freeze-thaw pr

关键词： freeze-thaw effect hydrologic and thermal frozen ground Northern Hemisphere

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An off-line simulation of land surface processes over the northern Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年第3期6卷 236-246页

作者： MinHong Song YaoMing Ma Yu Zhang WeiQiang Ma siqiong luo Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

In order to further understand the land surface processes over the northern Tibetan Plateau, this study produced an off-line simulated examination at the Bujiao site on the northern Tibetan Plateau from June 2002 to April 2004, using the Noah Land Surface Model （Noah LSM） and observed data from the CAMP/Tibet experiment. The observed data were neces- sarily corrected and the number of soil layers in the Noah LSM was changed from 4 to 10 to enable this off-line simulation and analysis. The main conclusions are as follows： the Noah LSM performed well on the northern Tibetan Plateau. The simulated net radiation, upward longwave radiation, and upward shortwave radiation demonstrated the same remarkable annual and seasonal variation as the observed data, especially the upward longwave radiation. The simulated soil temperatures were acceptably close to the observed temperatures, especially in the shallow soil layers. The simulated freezing and melting processes were shown to start from the surface soil layer and spread down to the deep soil layers, but they took longer than the observed processes. However, Noah LSM did not adequately simulate the soil moisture. Therefore, additional high-quality, long-term observations of land surface-atmosphere processes over the Tibetan Plateau will be a key factor in proper adiustments of the model parameters in the future.

关键词： Noah Land Surface Model off-line northern Tibetan Plateau radiation flux

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Winter estimation of surface roughness length over eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第2期9卷 151-157页

作者： LunYu Shang Yu Zhang ShiHua Lyu ShaoYing Wang YinHuan Ao siqiong luo ShiQiang Chen Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China College of Atmospheric Science Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu Sichuan 610225 China

Based on the Monin-Obulchov similarity theory, a scheme was developed to calculate surface roughness length. Surface roughness length over the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the winter season was then estimated using the scheme and eddy covariance measurement data. Comparisons of estimated and measured wind speeds show that the scheme is feasible to calculate surface roughness length. The estimated roughness lengths at the measurement site during unfrozen, frozen and melted periods are 3.23x10(-3), 2.27x10(-3) and 1.92x10(-3) m, respectively. Surface roughness length demonstrates a deceasing trend with time during the winter season. Thereby, setting the roughness length to be a constant value in numerical models could lead to certain degree of simulation errors. The variation of surface roughness length may be caused by the change in land surface characteristic.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau surface roughness length Monin-Obuichov similarity theory least square fitting

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An improvement of soil temperature simulations on the Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2018年第1期10卷 80-94页

作者： siqiong luo BoLi Chen ShiHua Lyu XueWei Fang JingYuan Wang XianHong Meng LunYu Shang ShaoYing Wang Di Ma Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Changzhou Meteorological Bureau ChangzhouJiangsu 213000China School of Atmospheric Sciences Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduSichuan 610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingJiangsu 210044China

The simulation of soil temperature on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) plays a dominant role in the performance of both global climate and numerical weather forecast models. To improve the simulation of soil temperature on the TP, the Johansen soil thermal conductivity parameterization scheme was introduced into Community Land Model 3.5(CLM3.5) and Regional Climatic Model 4(Reg CM4). The improved CLM3.5 and Reg CM4-CLM were utilized to conduct offline and regional simulation experiments on the TP. Comparison of the new and old schemes revealed that CLM3.5 provides high thermal conductivity parameters of mineral soil solid on the TP. The Johansen scheme is more practical for the TP than the soil thermal conductivity parameterization in CLM3.5. The simulation of soil temperature and liquid water content was improved in offline experiment. The improved parameterization scheme can also reduce the simulation error of soil temperature in winter throughout the entire TP.

关键词： soil temperature soil thermal conductivity parameterization scheme Tibetan Plateau CLM3.5 RegCM4

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不同初始场及陆面方案对青藏高原中东部积雪消融过程的模拟研究

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高原气象 2022年第2期41卷 430-443页

作者：姜琪罗斯琼李明武汉市黄陂区气象局湖北武汉432200 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院/中国科学院寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 武汉市气象局湖北武汉430040

基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,本研究使用更为准确的气象站点及卫星遥感积雪资料替换初始场中积雪深度、雪水当量等积雪数据,对2014年2月17-27日青藏高原中东部一次积雪消融过程进行模拟研究,评估WRF模式中CLM(Commun... 详细信息

基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,本研究使用更为准确的气象站点及卫星遥感积雪资料替换初始场中积雪深度、雪水当量等积雪数据,对2014年2月17-27日青藏高原中东部一次积雪消融过程进行模拟研究,评估WRF模式中CLM(Community Land Model)、Noah-LSM(Noah land surface model)和Noah-MP(Noah-Multiparameterization Land Surface Model)3种陆面过程方案对该次积雪消融过程的模拟性能。结果表明:3种陆面过程方案均能较好地再现2 m气温、积雪深度和反照率的日变化趋势,但各试验模拟效果有一定差异。气象站点及卫星遥感积雪资料作为初始场时,CLM陆面过程方案模拟的2 m气温平均误差最小,为0.002℃;Noah-LSM陆面过程方案中2 m气温均方根误差(4.01℃)和平均绝对误差(3.30℃)最小,但昼夜温差较观测显著偏小;同时CLM陆面过程方案模拟的积雪深度均方根误差、平均误差和平均绝对误差均最小,分别为4.70 cm、-1.25 cm和2.75 cm,但该方案对融雪速率有所高估,导致积雪消融时间被低估。Noah-LSM和Noah-MP陆面方案模拟的融雪速率与观测较为一致。3种陆面过程均能较好地再现积雪消融阶段反照率整体呈下降的趋势,但反照率日变化细节均有所欠缺。初始场积雪数据使用ECMWF Reanalysis v5(ERA5)数据集时,CLM陆面过程方案表现最优,再现积雪反照率变化特征,日变化特征与观测较为一致;Noah-LSM和Noah-MP陆面过程方案不能再现反照率日内变化,且低估新雪反照率。CLM陆面过程方案能再现积雪消融过程中净辐射逐渐增大的特征,且峰值与观测相近,同时也能模拟出地表与大气,地表与浅层土壤的能量传输。本研究将为青藏高原积雪模拟陆面方案的选取提供参考依据。

关键词：青藏高原积雪 WRF模式陆面过程

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1961-2014年青藏高原积雪时空特征及其影响因子

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高原气象 2020年第1期39卷 24-36页

作者：姜琪罗斯琼文小航吕世华成都信息工程大学大气科学学院高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室四川成都610225 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室甘肃兰州730000

利用青藏高原(下称高原)1961-2014年地面110个气象站积雪深度、积雪日数、气温和降水逐日资料,系统地分析了高原积雪深度和积雪日数时空特征,并进一步探究了高原积雪深度和积雪日数与气候因子和地理因子之间的关系。研究发现:1961-2014... 详细信息

利用青藏高原(下称高原)1961-2014年地面110个气象站积雪深度、积雪日数、气温和降水逐日资料,系统地分析了高原积雪深度和积雪日数时空特征,并进一步探究了高原积雪深度和积雪日数与气候因子和地理因子之间的关系。研究发现:1961-2014年高原年平均积雪深度和积雪日数分别为0.26 cm和23.78 d,空间和季节尺度上分布不均匀,且积雪深度和积雪日数大值并不完全重合;在整体变化趋势上,积雪深度和积雪日数均呈缓慢下降趋势,分别为-0.0080±0.0086 cm·(10a)^-1(p=0.36)和-0.64±0.47 d·(10a)^-1(p=0.17),但在数理统计上不显著,且各站点差异性大;积雪深度和积雪日数在春季、冬季和年表现为“减-增-减”的年代际变化特征,而在秋季为“增-减”的变化特征;气温与积雪深度和积雪日数均有较好的相关性,冬季的降水与积雪深度和积雪日数高度相关;积雪深度和积雪日数随海拔呈增加趋势,积雪日数与纬度也高度相关,但积雪深度与纬度的相关性不明显。

关键词：青藏高原积雪深度积雪日数时空特征

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