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Impacts of hydropower-induced flow alterations on composition and diversity of riparian vegetation in the Western Himalayas: A case study in Uttarakhand, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1272-1286页

作者： Dharmveer KAINTURA Sabyasachi DASGUPTA Dhanpal singh CHAUHAN Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal 246174India Tripura University SuryamaninagarAgartala 799022India

The increasing demand for water and energy resources has led to widespread dam construction,particularly in ecologically sensitive regions like the Himalayan *** study focuses on the Uttarakhand state in the Western Himalayas,where hydroelectric projects(Heps)have significantly altered river flow *** research investigates the impact of flow alterations on the composition and structure of riparian vegetation in the Garhwal Himalayas,specifically analysing four rivers regulated by hydroelectric *** the paired-reach comparison method,control(undisturbed),diverted(downstream of barrage/dam),and altered flow conditions(downstream of water outlet)were *** research reveals diverse and unique riparian ecosystems,with 89 genera and 113 taxa identified,showcasing the dominance of families like Asteraceae and *** study unveils the structural importance of key species such as Berberis asiatica and Artemisia *** density,diversity,and richness of shrub and herb species vary significantly across flow ***,altered flow conditions demonstrate resilience in vegetation structure,while diverted conditions exhibit decreased species richness and *** study emphasizes the importance of nuanced environmental flow management for mitigating adverse effects on riparian biodiversity in the fragile Himalayan *** findings contribute to the global discourse on dam impacts and riparian ecology,shedding light on the complexities of this dynamic relationship in a vulnerable ecosystem.

关键词： Dam construction Water stress Western Himalayas Disturbed flow regimes Riparian ecosystem

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Review of Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Based on First-Row Transition Metals,Their Oxides,and Noble Metals Nanoparticles

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第2期8卷 143-159页

作者： Kulveer singh Kuldeep Kumar Maurya Manisha Malviya Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology(Banaras Hindu University)Varanasi221005India

The use of electrochemical sensors for sensitive disease diagnosis and detecting various species with pharmacological,therapeutic,industrial,food-related,and environmental origins is now widely accepted.A catalytic or binding event resulting from the sensor’s electroactive component recognizing its analyte creates an electrical signal proportionate to the analyte concentration,which is then monitored by a *** development of morphologically distinct metal and metal oxide nanoparticles formed from first-row transition elements(Mn,Cr,Fe,Co,Ti,Ni,Cu,Zn)and noble metals(Pt,Au,Ag,Pd)is described in this *** effect of these metal nanoparticles has been studied using Tetracyanoquinodimethane(TCNQ),Ferrocene,and other organic compounds as electroactive species using carbon paste-modified *** sensors,mostly based on ferrocene,are exceedingly sensitive,selective,affordable,and for detecting numerous biomolecules like glucose,dopamine,NADH,ascorbic acid,and a few dyes and are simple to *** recent decades,charge transfer organic species-based chemosensors have become a prominent study *** paper outlines current developments in electrochemical biosensors based on transition metal nanoparticles,covering glucose,ascorbic acid,uric acid,and other inorganic and organic *** importance of transition metal and transition metal oxide nanoparticles as potential electrode modifiers for developing sensors is highlighted.A discussion of the present problem and possible solutions,and plausible future directions marks the review’s conclusion.

关键词： Electrochemical sensing Amperometry Cyclic voltammetry Square wave voltammetry Linear sweep voltammetry

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Design of computer vision assisted machine learning based controller for the Stewart platform to track spatial objects

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 1195-1208页

作者： Dev Kunwar singh CHAUHAN Pandu R.VUNDAVILLI Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar 752050India

The present work aims to develop an object tracking controller for the Stewart platform using a computer vision-assisted machine learning-based *** research is divided into two *** first module focuses on the design of a motion controller for the Physik Instrumente(PI)-based Stewart *** contrast,the second module deals with the development of a machine-learning-based spatial object tracking algorithm by collecting information from the Zed 2 stereo vision ***,simple feed-forward neural networks(NN)are used to predict the orientation of the top table of the *** training,the x,y,and z coordinates of the three-dimensional(3D)object,extracted from images,are used as the input to the *** contrast,the orientation information of the platform(that is,rotation about the x,y,and z-axes)is considered as the output from the *** orientation information obtained from the network is fed to the inverse kinematics-based motion controller(module 1)to move the platform while tracking the *** training,the optimised NN is used to track the continuously moving 3D *** experimental results show that the developed NN-based controller has successfully tracked the moving spatial object with reasonably good accuracy.

关键词： Stewart platform feed-forward neural networks motion controller inverse kinematics stereo vision

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Comparative measurement of CO_(2),CH_(4)and CO at two traffic interjunctions having inflated vehicular flow in Delhi

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 314-329页

作者： Komal Daya Soni Khem singh Shankar G.Aggarwal CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr.K.S.Krishnan MargNew Delhi 110012India Academy of Scientific&Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002India

Vehicular emissions are considered one of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases and poor air quality in metropolitan *** study aims to see the correlation of CO_(2),CH_(4),and CO through monitoring over a period from December 2020 to October 2021 covering three seasons’winter,summer,and monsoon at two different traffic locations of Delhi having different traffic volumes,road patterns,and traffic *** annual average morning concentration of CO_(2),CH_(4)and CO was found(533±105),(7.3±3.1),(10.7±3.0)ppm at Najafgarh and(480±70),(5.2±1.8),(7.8±2.8)ppm at Rajendra Place,respectively.A relationship between concentration of all three gases and meteorological parameters such as temperature,humidity,wind speed and wind direction has also been investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient and pollution rose diagram.A comparable pattern in concentration was observed for all three gases in spatial(location)and temporal(diurnal)*** concentration trend of CO_(2)in different seasons is winter>summer>monsoon,while in the case of CH_(4)winter=summer>monsoon but not any seasonal trend was noted in CO *** is observed that CO_(2)has a good relation with CO(a tracer for vehicular emission)in terms of diurnal variation,whereas,CH_(4)does not represent a relation with CO and CO_(2)diurnally,suggesting that vehicles are the source of CO_(2)but not much contributing to other greenhouse gases like CH_(4).

关键词： Vehicular emission Greenhouse gases Harmful pollutants Meteorological parameters

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Photo-activated microtubule targeting drugs: Advancing therapies for colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第26期30卷 3257-3260页

作者： Naresh singh Samantha Sharma Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States

Over the years immunotherapy has demonstrably improved the field of cancer ***,achieving long-term survival for colorectal cancer(CRC)patients remains a significant unmet *** immunotherapies incor-porating targeted drugs like MEK or multi-kinase inhibitors have offered some palliative ***,substantial gaps remain in the current therapeutic armamentarium for *** recent years,there has been a surge of interest in exploring novel treatment strategies,including the application of light-activated drugs in conjunction with optical *** approach holds promise for achie-ving localized and targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents,such as microtubule-targeting drugs,directly to cancerous cells within the colon.

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Effect of cooling media on bead geometry,microstructure,and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured IN718 alloy

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 124-149页

作者： Parveen Kumar Satish Kumar Sharma Ratnesh Kumar Raj singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjab147004India

This work aims to present and explore thermal management techniques for the wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)of IN718 *** heat can be mitigated via air or water *** this study,the material was deposited under four different heat-input conditions with air or water *** air cooling,the layer is deposited in a normal atmospheric air environment,whereas with water cooling,the material is deposited inside a water tank by varying the water *** validate the air and water cooling thermal management techniques,IN718 single-pass and multilayer linear walls were deposited using the bidirectional gas metal arc welding based WAAM setup under four different heat input *** the deposition of single layers,the temperature profiles were recorded,and the geometric and microstructural features were *** multilayer wall structures,the mechanical properties(hardness,tensile strength,and elongation)were determined and assessed using the corresponding microstructural features explored through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)*** microstructure observed through SEM analysis in the building direction was found to be nonhomogenous compared with that in the deposition ***,water cooling was found to govern bead characteristics,such as wall width and *** grain size and anisotropy of the mechanical properties also decreased in the water-cooled ***,water cooling is an economical and efficient method to mitigate excessive heat accumulation in WAAM-deposited IN718.

关键词： Air cooling Water cooling IN718 Bead characteristics Microstructure Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)

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Modulatory role of plant-derived metabolites on host-microbiota interactions:personalized therapeutics outlook

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BIOCELL 2024年第8期48卷 1127-1143页

作者： POOJA YADAV NAR singh CHAUHAN Department of Biochemistry Maharshi Dayanand University RohtakRohtakHaryanaIndia

A diverse array of microbes in and on the human body constitute the *** micro-residents continuously interact with the human host through the language of metabolites to dictate the host’s physiology in health and *** biotic and abiotic component ensuring a balanced host-microbiota interaction are potential microbiome therapeutic agents to overcome human *** metabolites are continually being used to treat various *** metabolites target the host’s metabolic machinery and host-gut microbiota interactions to overcome human *** the paramount therapeutic significance of the factors affecting host-microbiota interactions,a comprehensive overview of the modulatory role of plant-derived metabolites in host-microbiota interactions is *** current review puts an effort into comprehending the role of medicinal plants in gut microbiota modulation to mitigate various human *** would develop a holistic understanding of hostmicrobiota interactions and the role of effectors in health and diseases.

关键词： Microbiome therapeutics Human gut microbiota Host-microbiota interactions Personalized therapeutics Plant metabolites Human health and diseases

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Constraining the variable generalized Chaplygin gas model in matter creation cosmology

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第10期76卷 121-136页

作者： Yogesh Bhardwaj C P singh Department of Applied Mathematics Delhi Technological University

We explore the variable generalized Chaplygin gas（VGCG） model in the theory of matter creation cosmology within the framework of a spatially homogeneous and isotropic flat Friedmann—Lemai tre—Robertson—Walker space-time. Matter creation cosmology is based on reinterpretation of the energy–momentum tensor in Einstein's field equations. This creation corresponds to an irreversible energy flow from the gravitational field to the created matter constituents. The variable Chaplygin gas（VCG） is also studied as a particular solution. We use the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to constrain the free parameters of three models, namely,Lambda-Cold-Dark matter（ΛCDM）, VGCG and VCG models with and without matter creation from the latest observational data from baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmic chronometer, type Ia supernovae（Pantheon） including gamma-ray bursts, quasars and the local measurement of H0from R21 data. Two different combinations of dataset provide a fairly tight constraint on the parameters of the ΛCDM, VGCG and VCG models. The present values of various cosmological parameters are obtained, which are very close to the ΛCDM model. Furthermore, we perform stability analysis, Bayesian evidence analysis and information criteria analysis for these models through studying the sound speed, Bayes factor, and Akaike information criteria（AIC） and Bayesian information criteria（BIC） selection criteria. The values of sound speed for VGCG and VCG models shows that both the models are stable. According to AIC, it is observed that VGCG and VCG models with matter creation are supported considerably less by current observations,while BIC shows that these models are not favoured by observational data.

关键词： Chaplygin gas model cosmological model dark energy matter creation

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Effect of random movement and cooperative hunting in the prey-predator system:A dynamical approach

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第3期17卷 211-240页

作者： Shivam Teekam singh Mukesh Kumar Department of Mathematics Graphic Era Deemed to be University 566/6 Bell RoadSociety AreaClenent Town DehradunUttarakhand 248002India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University 566/6 Bell RoadSociety AreaClement Town DehradunUttarakhand 248002India

Self-diffusion prerequisite is obtained as the spreading approach of biological *** hunting is a common behavior in predator populations that promotes predation and the coexistence of the prey-predator *** the other side,the Allee effect among prey may cause the system to become *** this paper,a difusive prey predator system with cooperative hunting and the weak Allee effect in prey populations is *** linear stability and Hopf-bifurcation analysis had been used to examine the system's *** the spatial stability of the system,the conditions for Turing instability have been *** multiple-scale analysis has been used to derive the amplitude equations of the *** stability analysis of these amplitude equations leads to the formation of Turing ***,numerical simulations are used to analyze spatial patterns forming in 1-D and *** studies indicate that the model can generate a complex pattern structure and that self-diffusion has a drastic impacton species distribution.

关键词： Prey predator system hunting cooperation Allee effect Hopf-bifurcation diffusive instability amplitudeequation

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Coumarin and eugenol ameliorate LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells via modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第1期14卷 40-46页

作者： Jyotsana Bakshi Somnath singh KP Mishra DRDO Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences DelhiIndia

Objective:To investigate the underlying mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of coumarin and eugenol in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 ***:RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 2.5μg/mL of LPS,50μM of coumarin,and 50μM eugenol for 24 *** viability of the cells was assessed using MTT *** production of nitric oxide was determined using Griess reagent and DCFH-DA was used to measure the production of reactive oxygen *** protein expression of NLRP3,IL-1β,NF-κB,and cyclooxygenase 2 was assessed using Western blot ***:Coumarin and eugenol showed anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced inflammatory response by ameliorating the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB,which further led to a subsequent reduction in IL-1β,nitric oxide,and reactive oxygen ***:Coumarin and eugenol exert their anti-inflammatory activities by modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and NF-κ*** compounds may have promising therapeutic applications for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

关键词： Inflammation Cytokines Coumarin Eugenol NLRP3 LPS

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