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Birds’Diversity in Kalfou Forest Reserve and Its Peripheral Zone, Far North, Cameroon

Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 137-155页

作者： Ghislain Noé Kougoum Piebeng simon A. Tamungang Daksala Wansang Jean Tonleu Laurentine Soufo Muhammad Bilal Awa II Taku Alexis Teguia Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Forestry and Wildlife Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Environmental Sciences Higher Polytechnical Training School University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Biology Virtual University of Pakistan Rawalpindi Campus Punjab Pakistan Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The Far North Region of Cameroon is home to a great diversity of bird species, which unfortunately remains very little explored. This work was initiated to establish an inventory of birds and the factors affecting their diversity and distribution for sustainable management in the Kalfou Forest Reserve (KFR) and its periphery. Two methods were used for sampling, linear strip transects from which direct counts and indirect observations were made and the mist netting to complement the first. In total, 2525 birds were observed, including 149 species, belonging to 20 orders and 55 families. Accipitridae had the greatest number of species (11). The species richness was greater in the KFR (117 species) compared to the periphery (95 species). The specific richness was higher in wooded savannah compared to other habitats. Shannon index was significantly higher in the KFR (3.99) compared to that obtained in the periphery (3.80). The value of the Simpson index was higher on the outskirts of the KFR than on the periphery. The indices of species diversity were greater in the wooded savannah compared to other vegetation types. The seasons had no influence on bird diversity. Among the human activities encountered, the pressure indices were more important for grazing (7.3 contacts/km). Human activities have resulted in a significant decrease in specific richness. Six endangered species were encountered, four belonging to the Accipitridae family. The greater bird diversity in the reserve compared to the periphery shows that protected areas are a long-term solution for biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Bird Diversity Habitats Bird Species Human Activities Conservation Kalfou

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East African Cassava Mosaic Virus and East African Cassava Mosaic Cameroon Virus: Two Species Emerging in Togo

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 864-876页

作者： Senya Sakina Allado Kossikouma Djodji Adjata Justin simon Pita Kodjovi Atassé Dansou-Kodjo Assion Sétu Mivedor Koffi Tozo Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Vgtales Ecole Suprieure dAgronomie (ESA) Universit de Lom Lom Togo Laboratory of Plant Virology Universit Flix Houphout-Boigny Ple Scientifique et dInnovation Bingerville Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologies Vgtales Facult des Sciences Universit de Lom Lom Togo

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by the whitefly-transmitted Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) is a major threat to production of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Togo. Survey was conducted in 2020 in the 5 agroecological zones of Togo to assess the status of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCMV) and its distribution. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were used for the detection of cassava mosaic Begomoviruses (CMBs) in the sampled leaves. The incidence of EACMV was 47.93% (278/580) and varied between 41.30% (Zone V) and 62.29% (Zone IV) across the agroecological zone but no significant difference was observed. The EACMCMV incidence was 13.67% (38/278) and varied significantly (p ≤ 0.001) through the agroecological zone. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral isolates showed that they are closely related to those from Nigeria, Ghana, and Ivory coast. Nucleotide sequence analysis of CP revealed an overall genetic diversity (π) of around 3.4%. These results showed that EACMV was the predominant virus and that EACMCMV incidence could be more widespread in Togo.

关键词： Begomovirus PCR EACMV EACMCMV Togo Genetic Diversity

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Total Fat, Fatty Acid Composition, Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Profiles in Fermented Beans of Ten Controlled Pollinated Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Hybrids from Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 359-373页

作者： Martin Paul Arnaud Mbida simon Perrez Akoa Ronelle Fabiola Mbia Manga Ndjaga Jude Martine Louise Ondobo Onomo Pierre Effa Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department of Biological Science Higher Teacher&#8217s Training College University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medecine University of Buea Buea Cameroon National Technology Development Committee Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Administrative Center Yaounde Cameroon Department of Agriculture and Agropastoral Higher Technical Teacher&#8217s Training College University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon

This study aimed to discriminate ten Cameroonian cocoa hybrids according to their total fat, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and tocotrienol profiles. Six cocoa clones from the gene banks of the Cameroon Cocoa Development Corporation were used to create hybrids. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by using a gas chromatography (GC) apparatus coupled by a flame ion detector (FID). Tocopherol and tocotrienol analysis was performed by upper high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Information on the impact of the genotype on the cocoa fat composition was provided. The major fatty acids (FA) in fermented samples are stearic (34.57%), palmitic (26.13%), oleic (34.13%) and linoleic (3.16%) acids. (35.05% to 35.6%). SCA12 × ICS40, SCA12 × SNK13, SNK13 × T79/501 have the least hard cocoa butters. Tocopherols analysis showed a predominance of γ-tocopherols (94.64 ± 1.51 to 292.16 ± 3.17 µg∙g−1), whereas only a small amount of β and δ-tocopherol (from 0.46 to 2.78 µg∙g−1 and 0.12 to 5.82 respectively) was observed. No γ-tocotrienol was found in fermented samples. A differentiation in terms of total fat and tocopherol content was observed amongst hybrids with the same mother-clone, suggesting an impact of pollen on these compounds.

关键词： Cocoa Hybrids Lipid Composition UHPLC GC-FID

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经皮冠状动脉介入的急性冠状动脉综合征患者早期不同联合降血脂策略效果分析

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中国医药 2024年第1期19卷 6-10页

作者：柳浩 Emmanuel simon Kinayi 张波大连医科大学附属第一医院心内科大连116000

目的分析经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者早期不同联合降血脂策略的疗效。方法选取2018年1月至2022年6月大连医科大学附属第一医院诊断为ACS并行PCI治疗的患者,根据患者出院时降血脂方案,分为A组(他汀类药物+... 详细信息

目的分析经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者早期不同联合降血脂策略的疗效。方法选取2018年1月至2022年6月大连医科大学附属第一医院诊断为ACS并行PCI治疗的患者,根据患者出院时降血脂方案,分为A组(他汀类药物+依折麦布)、B组(他汀类药物+依洛尤单抗)和C组(他汀类药物+依折麦布+依洛尤单抗),各73例。比较3组患者基线及1、6个月随访时低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和其他血脂指标水平变化。结果在1、6个月随访时,B、C组LDL-C较基线下降幅度显著大于A组,LDL-C0.05);3组间三酰甘油、载脂蛋白A1水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论他汀类药物联合应用依洛尤单抗可快速降低ACS行PCI患者血脂,增加LDL-C达标率,但是在他汀类药物联合依洛尤单抗基础上再联合依折麦布降低LDL-C的效果并不优于他汀类药物联合依洛尤单抗。

关键词：急性冠状动脉综合征依洛尤单抗依折麦布低密度脂蛋白胆固醇

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Refractive Errors among University Students at Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第3期14卷 324-338页

作者： Denis Kamara John Onyango simon Arunga Mwanja Pius Pliers Denis Tusingwire Mary Assumpta Ayoo Eric Ronald Mulongo Barnabas Atwiine Department of Ophthalmology Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara City Uganda College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London England Faculty of Business and Development Studies Gulu University Gulu Uganda College of Health Sciences Lira University Lira Uganda

Introduction: WHO estimated that uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment and second leading cause of blindness globally. University students are prone to developing refractive errors due to their curriculum that requires a lot of near work affecting their performance and quality of life unknowingly. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of refractive errors. This study addresses the paucity of knowledge about refractive errors among university students in East Africa, providing a foundation for further research. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with refractive errors among students in the Faculty of Medicine at Mbarara University of Science and Technology. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study in which 368 undergraduate students selected using random sampling were assessed for refractive errors from March 2021-July 2021. Eligible participants were recruited and their VA assessment done after answering a questionnaire. Students whose VA improved on pin hole had subjective retinoscopy and results were compiled and imported to STATA 14 for analysis. Results: The prevalence of refractive errors was 26.36% with (95% CI) among university students especially myopia. Myopia is most predominant at 60%, followed by 37% Astigmatism and hyperopia of 3% among medical students. Astigmatism consisted of largely myopic astigmatism 72% (26) and 28% (10) compound/mixed astigmatism only. Student positive family history of refractive error was found to have a statistically significant relationship with refractive errors with AOR 1.68 (1.04 - 2.72) (95% CI) and P (0.032). Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive errors among university students, especially myopia, was found to be high and family history was associated with students having refractive errors.

关键词： Refractive Errors Prevalence Myopia Astigmatism Hyperopia Hypermetropia University Students Blindness Visual Impairment

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Predictors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第9期16卷 1269-1277页

作者： Dujinthan Jayabalan Yi Huang Luis Calzadilla-Bertot Malik Janjua Bastiaan de Boer John Joseph Wendy Cheng simon Hazeldine Briohny W Smith Gerry C MacQuillan Michael C Wallace George Garas Leon A Adams Gary P Jeffrey Medical School University of Western AustraliaNed-lands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Hepatology Sir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Anatomical Pathology PathWest Laboratory MedicineNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Perth HospitalPerth 6000Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Fiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch 6150Western AustraliaAustralia Medical School University of Western AustraliaNedl-ands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia

BACKGROUND Survival in patients with autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes(AILDOS)compared to those with single autoimmune liver disease is *** To investigate the survival of patients with AILDOS and assess the accuracy of non-invasive serum models for predicting liver-related *** Patients with AILDOS were defined as either autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis overlap(AIH-PBC)or autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap(AIH-PSC)and were identified from three tertiary centres for this cohort ***-related death or transplantation(liver-related mortality)was determined using a population-based data linkage *** scores for liver-related death were compared for accuracy[including liver outcome score(LOS),Hepascore,Mayo Score,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score and MELD incorporated with serum sodium(MELD-Na)score].RESULTS Twenty-two AILDOS patients were followed for a median of 3.1 years(range,0.35-7.7).Fourteen were female,the median age was 46.7 years(range,17.8 to 82.1)and median Hepascore was 1(range,0.07-1).At five years post enrolment,57%of patients remained free from liver-related mortality(74%AIH-PBC,27%AIH-PSC).There was no significant difference in survival between AIH-PBC and *** was a significant predictor of liver-related mortality(P<0.05)in patients with AIH-PBC(n=14)but not AIH-PSC(n=8).A LOS cut-point of 6 discriminated liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC patients(P=0.012,log-rank test,100%sensitivity,77.8%specificity)(Harrell's C-statistic 0.867).The MELD score,MELD-Na score and Mayo Score were not predictive of liver-related mortality in any *** Survival in the rare,AILDOS is *** current study supports the LOS as a predictor of liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC *** trials investigating predictors of survival in AILDOS are required.

关键词： Autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes Liver outcome score Liver-related death Hepascore Autoimmune hepatitis Primary biliary cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Mobility of Major and Trace Elements during the Bauxitization Processes in Ngaoundal Area (Adamawa Cameroon): Implication on Mining Perspectives

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第1期14卷 81-100页

作者： André Sini Harouna Boukari Ondoa Augustin Désiré Balla Djetenbe Beral Salomon Wangmené Awé simon Djakba Basga Jean Pierre Nguetnkam Department of Mining Engineering School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Mining Engineering and Environment School of Mining Industry and Geology University of Abdou-Moumouni Niamey Niger Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Mining Engineering Saint Jerome Polytechnic Saint Jerome Catholic University Institute of Douala Douala Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Garoua Cameroon

This study was focused to assess major and trace elements in bauxitic duricrusts from Ngaoundal and its surroundings in order to establish their mining interest. To this end, fieldworks, mineralogical and geochemical analyses were carried out. Four facies of duricrust were identified and characterized from the summit to the top of the slope of the Ngaoundal mountain: scoriaceous, pisolitic, nodular and massive. Mineralogical and geochemical analyses performed on 16 samples, revealed a significant concentration of Al2O3 mainly in the scoriaceous facies (over 45% in grade), moderate in Fe2O3 (averaging 23.69%) and SiO2 (averaging 21.7%). Trace elements were generally low, excluding Cr (421 ppm on average), Zr (327 ppm on average and V (213 ppm on average). In addition, the limited quantities of alkalis (Na2O, K2O) and alkaline earths metals (MgO, CaO) coupled with the very high values of Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and Mineralogical Index of Alteration (MIA), (more than 99%) attest to the intense weathering of the studied materials. Allitization and monosiallitization constituted the crystallochemical phenomena that have led to the development of bauxitic minerals. More than 90% of gibbsite in scoriaceous facies, 52.21% - 76.01% of kaolinite in pisolitic facies and more than 40% of hematite in nodular facies were quantified. The relationships between the constitutive components indicated their interdependency during the bauxitization phenomenon. The mineralogical and geochemical properties highlighted the mining interest of the studied duricrusts to be valorized.

关键词： Duricrust Bauxitization Phenomenon Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization Major and Trace Elements Mining Potential

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A system-on-chip microwave photonic processor solves dynamic RF interference in real time with picosecond latency

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 91-102页

作者： Weipeng Zhang Joshua C.Lederman Thomas Ferreira de Lima Jiawei Zhang simon Bilodeau Leila Hudson Alexander Tait Bhavin J.Shastri Paul R.Prucnal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton UniversityPrinceton08544NJUSA NEC Laboratories America Princeton08540NJUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonK7L 3N6OntarioCanada Department of Physics Engineering Physics and AstronomyQueen’s UniversityKingstonK7L 3N6OntarioCanada

Radio-frequency interference is a growing concern as wireless technology advances,with potentially life-threatening consequences like interference between radar altimeters and 5 G cellular *** transceivers mix signals with varying ratios over time,posing challenges for conventional digital signal processing(DSP)due to its high *** challenges will worsen as future wireless technologies adopt higher carrier frequencies and data ***,conventional DSPs,already on the brink of their clock frequency limit,are expected to offer only marginal speed *** paper introduces a photonic processor to address dynamic interference through blind source separation(BSS).Our system-on-chip processor employs a fully integrated photonic signal pathway in the analogue domain,enabling rapid demixing of received mixtures and recovering the signal-of-interest in under 15 *** reduction in latency surpasses electronic counterparts by more than three orders of *** complement the photonic processor,electronic peripherals based on field-programmable gate array(FPGA)assess the effectiveness of demixing and continuously update demixing weights at a rate of up to 305 *** compact setup features precise dithering weight control,impedance-controlled circuit board and optical fibre packaging,suitable for handheld and mobile *** experimentally demonstrate the processor’s ability to suppress transmission errors and maintain signal-to-noise ratios in two scenarios,radar altimeters and mobile *** work pioneers the real-time adaptability of integrated silicon photonics,enabling online learning and weight adjustments,and showcasing practical operational applications for photonic processing.

关键词： processor mixing dynamic

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Analysis of the Quality of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Groundwater in Three Localities in the Sub-Prefecture of Zanzra (Ivory Coast)

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期12卷 1-17页

作者： Djedjess Essoh Jules-César Meledje Bi Irié Marc Gouli Drissa Ouattara Kra Vanh Eric-simon Zran Adjourma Konate Albert Trokourey Laboratoire de Chimie des Eaux (LCE) de l’ Ecole Normale Sup&#233rieure d&#8217Abidjan Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Laboratoire de Constitution et Ré action de la Mati&#232re (LCRM) &#224 l&#8217UFR SSMT-Universit&#233 F&#233lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny (UFHB) de Cocody Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

The availability of groundwater of acceptable quality has become a difficult challenge to meet in many countries, particularly Côte d’Ivoire. The State of Côte d’Ivoire and rural populations are building hydraulic infrastructure for this purpose. However, the quality of water coming from these infrastructures remains to be determined. This study therefore aims to analyze certain physicochemical parameters of the groundwater of Gloazra, Kouezra and Trahonfla. These are temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity level, hardness, alkalinity, chloride content and bicarbonate. To determine the pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, TDS, and salinity rate, an electrochemical analysis was carried out. The titrimetric analysis made it possible to determine the chloride and bicarbonate content, alkalinity, and hardness. The results indicate that the studied groundwater is soft and acidic with good mineralization. This water does not present a health hazard to consumers but can affect hydraulic equipment and household containers.

关键词： Ivory Coast Gloazra Trahonfla Kouezra Physicochemical Parameters Water WHO Standards

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Floristic Composition, Population Structure, and Recruitment Status of Plant Species: A Case Study of Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration Practices in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第2期14卷 141-154页

作者： simon Kosgei Choge Samson Okoth Ojunga Dub Isacko Dokata William Kimen Chepkirui Justus Musau Faith Milkah Muniale Ivan Kiplagat Kiptui Kenya Forestry Research Institute-Rift Valley Eco-Region Research Program Marigat Kenya Kenya Forestry Research Institute-Lake Victoria Eco-Region Research Program Kisumu Kenya Kenya Forestry Research Institute-Rift Valley Eco-Region Research Program Londiani Kenya CRIFSUP Project World Vision Kenya Nairobi Kenya

The technique of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) is being promoted as a cost-effective approach for restoring degraded arable dry lands. Its effectiveness has been observed in many countries across the globe, where it is a traditional practice, and is now being encouraged across the African continent. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of FMNR on floristic Composition, Vegetation Structure, and Regeneration Status of woody Plant Species in the severely degraded Central Rift, Kenya. The study systematically assessed how FMNR influenced species composition, vegetation structure and regeneration status from two sample plots involved in FMNR practices. Transect lines and quadrats methods were utilized to collect data, specifically regarding the floristic composition, vegetation structure, and regeneration status of woody plant species. Quadrats and sub-quadrats of varying sizes (10 m by 10 m, 5 m by 5 m, and 1 m by 1 m) were nested along the transect lines for data collection. Furthermore, measurements of tree growth and development, including root collar diameter, diameter at breast height (D130) and heights within the study blocks, were taken. The data was then analyzed using R-software. Results showed a marked progressive increase in numbers of trees, saplings, seedlings, shrubs and herbs in all FMNR sites and reductions in all non-FMNR sites. The study advocates for widespread promotion of the FMNR practice both as an environmental conservation and restoration strategy.

关键词： Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration FMNR Floristic Composition Vegetation Structure Regeneration Biodiversity

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