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失控行为的脑回路

环球科学 2020年第1期 18-18页

作者：西蒙梅金赵欢(翻译) 不详

对于许多与成瘾症斗争的人来说,看到吸毒用具或者前往曾经吸毒的地点,都会重燃他们对毒品的渴望,拉高复吸的可能性。将环境线索与愉快的经历关联起来,原本是学习的一种基本形式。但是,有研究发现这种关联会“劫持”人们的行为,导致类似... 详细信息

对于许多与成瘾症斗争的人来说,看到吸毒用具或者前往曾经吸毒的地点,都会重燃他们对毒品的渴望,拉高复吸的可能性。将环境线索与愉快的经历关联起来,原本是学习的一种基本形式。但是,有研究发现这种关联会“劫持”人们的行为,导致类似成瘾或饮食失调的问题。谢利弗拉热尔(Shelly Flagel)是美国密歇根大学的神经科学家,他领导的团队发现了与“劫持现象”相关的大脑回路。

关键词：神经科学家饮食失调劫持

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将医疗保健干预措施从试验转化为实践

英国医学杂志中文版 2010年第6期13卷 361-365页

作者： Paul Glasziou Iain Chalmers Douglas G Altman Hilda Bastian IsabeUe Boutron Anne Brice Gro Jamtvedt Andrew Farmer Davina Ghersi Trish Groves Carl Heneghan Sophie Hill simon Lewin Susan Michie Rafael Perera Valerie Pomeroy Julie Tilson Sasha Shepperd John W Williams 周久顺(译) 张孔来(校) Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Oxford Oxford OX3 7LF James Lind Initiative Oxford OX2 7LG Centre for Statistics in Medicine Oxford OX2 6UD German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care Cologne Germany INSERM Universite Paris Paris France Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services Oslo Norway Department of Research Policy and Cooperation World Health Organization Geneva BMJ London Centre for Health Communication and Participation Australian Institute for Primary Care La Trobe University Victoria Australia Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University Coflege London London WC1E 7HB Health and Social Sciences Research Institute Faculty of Health University of East Anglia Norwich Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Duke Evidence -based Practice Center Duke University and Durham VA Medical Center Durham NC USA 中国医学科学院基础医学研究所流行病与卫生统计学教研室

成千上万的试验结果从未被用于实践，因为其发表的报告未能详细地描述具体的干预措施。如何才能改进这些报告呢？

关键词：干预措施医疗保健试验转化

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织造加工中的即时维修理念

国际纺织导报 2016年第11期44卷 28-30页

作者： M.Saggiomo J.Heibeyn Y.S.Gloy T.Gries 郭文君(译) 李刚(校) 亚琛工业大学纺织研究所德国不详

任何机械生产系统都会因与磨损相关的故障等而导致必要的维修,从而降低其生产率。机器组件,如轴承出现故障,则必须停机至机器修复,因此必将影响生产进度。这些无法预料的停机可能造成不能如期完成生产,此外,停工也会给生产厂家带来损失... 详细信息

任何机械生产系统都会因与磨损相关的故障等而导致必要的维修,从而降低其生产率。机器组件,如轴承出现故障,则必须停机至机器修复,因此必将影响生产进度。这些无法预料的停机可能造成不能如期完成生产,此外,停工也会给生产厂家带来损失。如果未持续监控机器组件,则其失效通常都不可预知。维修机器所需的时间通常比更换坏组件花费的时间更多。这也是安装状态监测系统的价值所在,状态监则系统能够自动监测组件的状态并预估可能发生的故障。该系统在纺织生产上非常有用,因为纺织品是在高速条件下生产的,即时维修的理念旨在尽可能多地减少因机器维修造成的耽搁,生产过程中很小的耽搁都会对利润产生巨大的影响。

关键词：织造加工即时维修状态监测故障

恰当选择并清晰报告中医药临床研究的测量指标(英文)

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中西医结合学报 2008年第8期6卷 771-775页

作者：卞兆祥 David Moher 李幼平吴泰相 simon Dagenais 郑颂华李静李廷谦香港浸会大学中医药学院东安大略省儿童医院研究所Chalmers Research Group系统评价中心四川大学华西医院中国循证医学中心临床流行病学研究室四川成都610041 渥太华大学矫形外科系和流行病与社区医学部

结局指标是临床医学判断干预措施效果的必要手段。在中医药临床研究报告中,常见测量指标包括中医类指标如舌象、脉象及中医证候描述等;西医类指标如现代检验学方面的指标等。研究中测量指标的选择应充分考虑研究的性质和目的以及中医药... 详细信息

结局指标是临床医学判断干预措施效果的必要手段。在中医药临床研究报告中,常见测量指标包括中医类指标如舌象、脉象及中医证候描述等;西医类指标如现代检验学方面的指标等。研究中测量指标的选择应充分考虑研究的性质和目的以及中医药干预措施的特点,同时亦应考虑测量指标是否具有统一标准,并在主观性和客观性两方面取得平衡。为此,研究报告中应该包括:(1)根据研究目的和假设确定主要和次要结局测量指标;(2)明确定义主要和次要结局测量指标;(3)说明结局测量指标选择的依据;(4)说明结局测量指标的测量方法和标准;(5)注明提高结局测量指标的测量质量和可靠性的方法;(6)确定终止试验的原则。

关键词：中医学中药临床研究随机对照试验循证医学结果评价

No association between Parkinson disease and autoantibodies against NMDA-type glutamate receptors

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2019年第1期8卷 127-133页

作者： Franziska Hopfner Stefanie HMüller Dagmar Steppat Joanna Miller Nele Schmidt Klaus-Peter Wandinger Frank Leypoldt Daniela Berg Andre Franke Wolfgang Lieb Lukas Tittmann Monika Balzer-Geldsetzer simon Baudrexel Richard Dodel Ruediger Hilker-Roggendorf Elke Kalbe Jan Kassubek Thomas Klockgether Inga Liepelt-Scarfone Brit Mollenhauer Petra Neuser Kathrin Reetz Oliver Riedel Claudia Schulte Jörg BSchulz Annika Spottke Alexander Storch Claudia Trenkwalder Hans-Ulrich Wittchen Karsten Witt Ullrich Wüllner Günther Deuschl Gregor Kuhlenbäumer Department of Neurology University Hospital Schleswig HolsteinArnold-Heller Str.324105 KielGermany Center of Blood Transfusion University Hospital Schleswig HolsteinKiel&LübeckGermany Department of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinKielGermany Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinKielGermany Institute of Epidemiology University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinKielGermany Chair of Geriatric Medicine University Hospital EssenEssenGermany Department of Neurology Philipps-University MarburgMarburgGermany Department of Neurology Goethe UniversityFrankfurt/MainGermany Brain Imaging Center Goethe UniversityFrankfurt/MainGermany Department of Medical Psychology|Neuropsychology and Gender Studies&Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention(CeNDI) University Hospital CologneCologneGermany Psychological Gerontology Institute of GerontologyUniversity of VechtaVechtaGermany Department of Neurology University of UlmUlmGermany Department of Neurology University of Bonnand German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE)BonnGermany Center for Neurology Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany DZNE German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingenGermany Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik KasselGermany Institute of Neuropathology and Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany Coordinating Centre for Clinical Trials Philipps-UniversityMarburgGermany Department of Neurology RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany JARA-BRAIN Institute of Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS Achterstrasse 3028359 BremenGermany Department of Neurology Technische Universität Dresden01307 DresdenGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE) Research Site Rostock18147 RostockGerma

Background:IgG-class autoantibodies to N-Methyl-D-Aspartate(NMDA)-type glutamate receptors define a novel entity of autoimmune *** examining the prevalence of NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies in patients with Parkinson disease with/without dementia produced conflicting *** measured NMDA antibodies in a large,well phenotyped sample of Parkinson patients without and with cognitive impairment(n=296)and controls(n=295)free of neuropsychiatric *** phenotyping and large numbers allowed statistically meaningful correlation of antibody status with diagnostic subgroups as well as quantitative indicators of disease severity and cognitive ***:NMDA antibodies were analysed in the serum of patients and controls using well established validated *** used anti-NMDA antibody positivity as the main independent variable and correlated it with disease status and phenotypic ***:The frequency of NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies was lower in Parkinson patients(13%)than in controls(22%)and higher than in previous studies in both *** IgA/IgM antibodies were neither significantly associated with diagnostic subclasses of Parkinson disease according to cognitive impairment,nor with quantitative indicators of disease severity and cognitive impairment.A positive NMDA antibody status was positively correlated with age in controls but not in Parkinson ***:It is unlikely albeit not impossible that NMDA antibodies play a significant role in the pathogenesis or progression of Parkinson disease *** Parkinson disease with dementia,while NMDA IgG antibodies define a separate disease of its own.

关键词： NMDA antibody NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies Parkinson disease Cognitive impairment

语言或运动短暂性脑缺血发作患者的灌注MRI异常

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2006年第3期2卷 59-59页

作者： Kro A.L. Coutts S.B. simon J.E. 牛亚利 Seaman Family MR Centre Foothills Hospital 1403 29th St NW Calgary Alta. T2N 2T9 Canada

Background and Purpose -Transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients may deteriorate rapidly. MRI is being increasingly used to assess such patients. One possible mechanism of neurological worsening is the presence of perfusion abnormalities. We sought to identify what proportion of TIA patients had evidence of perfusion abnormalities on MRI. Methods -TIA patients were prospectively enrolled and had a MRI completed as soon as possible. The images were assessed for the presence of perfusion abnormalities. Results -Sixty-nine TIA patients were enrolled, and 62 had perfusion imaging. In 56 patients (81%), the symptoms had resolved before imaging. In 21 patients (33.9%), there was evidence of a perfusion abnorm ality defined by relative mean transit time delay. In 12 patients (19.4%), the perfusion abnormality was present despite having complete resolution of neurological symptoms. We found no relationship between the presence of a perfusion abno rmality and the clinical outcome. Conclusions -A proportion of TIA patients have perfusion abnormalities evident on MRI.

关键词：平均通过时间

基孔肯雅:1例患者从印度洋归来出现痛性皮疹和发热病例(法语)

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第11期2卷 37-37页

作者： Fourcade S. simon F. Morand J.-J. 李晓莉 Résidence le Verlaine Btiment B 102 boulevard Mireille Lauze 13010 Marseille

A 40-year-old woman presented with invalidating polyarthritis associated with high fever and diffuse macular exanthema after returning from a two-week visit to Reunion Island. In this paper, we discuss the different diagnoses to be considered in a case of fever with pain and rash and we examine the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods and management of Chikungunya virus.

关键词：发热病例基孔肯雅病毒多关节炎流行病学调查弥漫性临床症状

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嗜酸细胞增多综合征引发的结节性类天疱疮?

世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 29-29页

作者： Von Felbert V. simon D. Braathen L. Hunziker T. 潘敏 Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie Universittsklinikum der RWTH Pauwelsstr. 30 52074 Aachen Germany Dr.

Pemphigoid nodularis (PN) is a rare clinical variant of pemphigoid characterized by prurigo-like skin lesions and antibodies against BP180 and BP230 characteristic for bullous pemphigoid. Interestingly, most PN patients never develop blisters. This condition is often resistant to treatment. We describe a female patient who was initially diagnosed with hypereosinophilic dermatitis. Later on, in the presence of eosinophilic infiltrations in the gastrointestinal tract, obstructive ventilation disorder, pericardial and pleural effusions, the diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome was made. During the following 3 years she developed recalcitrant PN.

关键词：嗜酸细胞增多综合征结节性类天疱疮大疱性类天疱疮嗜酸粒细胞增多性嗜酸性粒细胞浸润气道阻塞性疾病女性患者 BP230 临床变异胸腔积液

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 15-15页

作者： Vassina E. LeverkusM. Yousefi S. D. simon 任建文 Department of Dermatology Inselspital University of Bern CH- 3010 Bern Switzerland Dr.

The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis of many transformed but also of non-transformed cells. In addition, TRAIL receptor activation has been reported to activate non-apoptotic signaling pathways. Here, we report an increased expression of TRAIL in peripheral blood T cells and monocytes from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) compared with control individuals. High TRAIL expression was also observed in skin-infiltrating T cells of AD patients. Topical tacrolimus treatment reduced the total number of T cells in the skin, but the relative proportion of TRAIL-positive cells within both CD4+ and CD8+ cell populations did not change. TRAIL was demonstrated to induce the expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in keratinocytes in a caspase-independent manner in vitro. Moreover, increased expression of IL-1Ra was observed in keratinocytes of Ad lesional skin. These data suggest that TRAIL-expressing inflammatory skin cells may contribute to the epidermal activation of the IL-1Ra gene in AD.

关键词：肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体特应性皮炎 IL-1受体拮抗剂抗炎作用表达增强表皮角质形成细胞 TRAIL受体外周血T细胞 AD患者潜在