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Experimental verification of the potential of superhydrophobic surfaces in reducing audible noise on HVAC overhead line conductors

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High Voltage 2022年第4期7卷 692-704页

作者： Xu Zhang Ian Cotton Qi Li simon mrowland Christopher Emersic Chengxing Lian Wenyuan Li Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of ManchesterManchesterUK School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina

Overhead line conductors can generate audible noise across a wide frequency spectrum as a result of elevated electric fields at the conductor *** fields are enhanced by the presence of surface defects,insects,water drops and *** this paper,the impact of a superhydrophobic coating on the audible noise produced by an overhead line conductor is *** levels from a conductor coated with a superhydrophobic coating were compared to those from a bare conductor in a semi-anechoic *** conductors were energised at voltages to provide surface electric fields ranging from 6 kV/cm to 21 kV/cm(rms).With a continuous water spray system depositing droplets on the conductor surface,the frequency domain sound pressure level,overall sound pressure levels and corona discharge magnitude were *** is demonstrated that the use of a superhydrophobic coating reduced audible noise levels and corona discharge magnitude,especially at electric fields above 14 kV/*** image analysis suggests that the water drop size distribution and the position of surface droplets on the conductor circumference play an important role in the magnitude of audible noise.

关键词： coating surface potential

An explainable AI framework for robust and transparent data-driven wind turbine power curve models

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 312-327页

作者： simon Letzgus Klaus-Robert müller machine Learning Group Technische Universitβe BerlinStraβe des 17.Juni 135Berlin10623Germany Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data Berlin10587Germany Department of Artificial Intelligence Korea UniversitySeoul136-713South Korea max Planck Institute for Informatics Saarbrücken66123Germany

In recent years,increasingly complex machine learning methods have become state-of-the-art in modelling wind turbine power curves based on operational *** these methods often exhibit superior performance on test sets,they face criticism due to a perceived lack of transparency and concerns about their robustness in dynamic,non-stationary environments encountered by wind *** this work,we address these issues and present a framework that leverages explainable artificial intelligence methods to gain systematic insights into data-driven power curve *** its core,we propose a metric to quantify how well a learned model strategy aligns with the underlying physical principles of the *** novel tool enables model validation beyond the conventional error metrics in an automated *** demonstrate,for instance,its capacity as an indicator for model generalization even when limited data is ***,it facilitates understanding how decisions made during the machine learning development process,such as data selection,pre-processing,or training parameters,affect learned *** a result,we obtain physically more reasonable models,a prerequisite not only for robustness but also for meaningful insights into turbine operation by domain *** latter,we illustrate in the context of wind turbine performance *** summary,the framework aims to guide researchers and practitioners alike toward a more informed selection and utilization of data-driven wind turbine power curve models.

关键词： Explainable AI(XAI) machine learning Wind energy Wind turbine power curve SCADA Condition monitoring

Regional trends and petrologic factors inhibit global interpretations of zircon trace element compositions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 300-307页

作者： Nick m.W.Roberts Christopher J.Spencer Stephen Puetz C.Brenhin Keller simon Tapster Geochronology and Tracers Facility British Geological SurveyNottingham NG125GGUK Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada Atkinson Dr Suite 704HonoluluHI 96814USA Department of Earth Sciences Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HamphireUSA

The trace element composition of zircon reveals information about the melt that they are derived from,as such,detrital zircon trace element compositions can be used to interrogate melt compositions,and thus the evolution of the continental crust in time and ***,we present a global database of detrital zircon compositions and use it to test whether average global trends for five common petrogenetic proxies truly represent secular changes in continental *** demonstrate that the secular trend is broadly comparable across continental regions for Ti-in-zircon temperatures,but for other trace element ratios interrogated,secular trends are highly variable between continental *** trace element ratios result from multiple petrologic variables,we argue that these petrogenetic proxies can be overinterpreted if projected to global geologic *** particular,we caution against the interpretation of crustal thickness from trace elements in zircon,and we argue that our results negate current hypotheses concerning secular changes in crustal thickness.

关键词： Detrital zircon Trace elements Secular change Eu anomaly Crustal thickness

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

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medical Review 2024年第4期4卷 301-311页

作者： simon Hoffman Khosrow Adeli molecular medicine Research InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Cardiovascular&metabolic Disease Merck Research LaboratoriesSouth San FranciscoCAUSA molecular medicine Research InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of Toronto555 University Avenue M5G 1X8TorontoONCanada

metabolic health is highly dependent on intestinal and hepatic handling of dietary and endogenous lipids and *** of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are commonly observed in patients with insulin resistant states such as obesity,metabolic syndrome,and type 2 ***-idence from both animal models and human studies indicates that a major underlying factor in metabolic or diabetic dysli-pidemia is the overproduction of hepatic and intestinal apoli-poprotein(apo)B-containing lipoprotein *** particles are catabolized down into highly proatherogenic remnants,which can be taken up into the arterial intima and promote plaque *** gut-derived peptides have been identiﬁed as key regulators of energy metabolism;one such peptide is the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide(GLP)-*** laboratory has previously demonstrated that GLP-1 can signal both centrally and peripherally to reduce postprandial and fasting lipoprotein ***,we have demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor(GLP-1R)agonists can ameliorate diet-induced ***,we published evidence for a novel vagal neuroendocrine signalling pathway by which native GLP-1 may exert its anti-lipemic eﬀ***,we demonstrated a novel role for other gut-derived peptides in regulating intestinal lipoprotein ***,ample evidence supports a key role for GLP-1R on the portal vein aﬀerent neurons and nodose ganglion in modulating intestinal fat absorption and lipoprotein produc-tion and identiﬁes other gut-derived peptides as novel regula-tors of postprandial *** from these data may support identiﬁcation of potential drug targets and the development of new therapeutics targeting treatment of dia-betic dyslipidemia.

关键词： glucagon-like peptide-1 lipid lipoprotein intes-tine neuroendocrine

Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja m.maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan Potter Jacob P.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton Birgit Schilling simon melov simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,independent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

Enantioselective Synthesis,(Chir)optical Properties,and Postsynthetic Functionalization of Furan-Containing Oxa[5]-,Oxa[6]-,and Dioxa[6]helicenes

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第10期6卷 2439-2451页

作者： Wei Fu Valentina Pelliccioli Raquel Casares-López Juan m.Cuerva martin simon Christopher Golz manuel Alcarazo Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen37077 Göttingen Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de GranadaUnidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y MedioambienteE-18071 Granada

An expedient synthesis of a series of configurationally stable oxa[5]helicenes,oxa[6]helicenes,and dioxa[6]helicenes has been developed using an intramolecular,highly enantioselective,Au-catalyzed,alkyne hydroarylation *** absolute configuration of the newly prepared structures has been established by crystallography,their inversion barriers have been determined theoretically and experimentally,and their chiroptical properties have been *** of these data with those reported for thia-or carbohelicenes sharing an otherwise identical helical framework enables the establishment of comprehensive correlations between the nature of the embedded(hetero)atom(s)and the magnitude of these *** studies on the postsynthetic functionalization of the oxahelicenes obtained are also ***,siteselective bromination at the 15-position in oxa[5]helicene 5d allows its subsequent manipulation into pyridine-containing aza-oxa[7]helicene 13d;while the two termini of oxa[6]helicene 7d have been intramolecularly cyclised into the pleiadeno[1,12,11-bcde]benzofuran derivative 15d by acidic *** transformations take place without erosion of the enantiopurity.

关键词： Au-catalysis enantioselective synthesis oxa[n]helicenes racemization dynamics postsynthetic functionalization

methylGenotyper:Accurate Estimation of SNP Genotypes and Genetic Relatedness from DNA methylation Data

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2024年第3期22卷 43-54页

作者： Yi Jiang minghan Qu minghui Jiang Xuan Jiang Shane Fernandez Tenielle Porter simon m.Laws Colin L.masters Huan Guo Shanshan Cheng Chaolong Wang ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Centre for Precision Health Edith Cowan UniversityPerthWA 6027Australia Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthWA 6027Australia Curtin medical School BentleyWA 6102Australia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3052Australia Department of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Epigenome-wide association studies(EWAS)are susceptible to widespread confounding caused by population structure and genetic ***,kinship estimation is challenging in EWAS without genotyping ***,we proposed methylGenotyper,a method that for the first time enables accurate genotyping at thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)directly from commercial DNA methylation *** modeled the intensities of methylation probes near SNPs with a mixture of three beta distributions corresponding to different genotypes and estimated parameters with an expectation-maximization *** conducted extensive simulations to demonstrate the performance of the *** applying methylGenotyper to the Infinium EPIC array data of 4662 Chinese samples,we obtained genotypes at 4319 SNPs with a concordance rate of 98.26%,enabling the identification of 255 pairs of close ***,we showed that methylGenotyper allows for the estimation of both population structure and cryptic relatedness among 702 Australians of diverse *** also implemented methylGenotyper in a publicly available R package(https://***/Yi-Jiang/methylGenotyper)to facilitate future large-scale EWAS.

关键词： DNA methylation Genotype calling Genetic relatedness Population structure Epigenome-wide association study

modelling the development of biological structures displaying longitudinal geometries in vitro:culturing pluripotent stem cells on plasma-treated,growth factor-coupled polycaprolactone fibres

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 124-138页

作者： Badwi B.Boumelhem Stuart T.Fraser Syamak Farajikhah Rachel A.Shparberg michael B.morris marcela m.m.Bilek Anyu Zhang Behnam Akhavan simon Fleming maryanne Large School of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneyAustralia Sydney Nano Institute University of SydneyAustralia School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of SydneyAustralia School of medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyAustralia School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of SydneyAustralia School of Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter medical Research Institute(HmRI) Precision Medicine ProgramNew Lambton Heights NSW 2305Australia

many biological structures such as nerves,blood and lymphatic vessels,and muscle fibres exhibit longitudinal ge-ometries with distinct cell types extending along both the length and width of internal linear *** these three-dimensional structures in vitro is challenging:the best-defined stem-cell differentiation systems are mono-layer cultures or organoids using pluripotent stem *** stem cells can differentiate into functionally mature cells depending on the signals received,holding great promise for regenerative ***,the integration of in vitro differentiated cell types into diseased tissue remains a *** scaffolds can bridge this gap if the appropriate signalling systems are incorporated into the ***,we have taken a biomimicry approach to generate longitudinal structures in *** this approach,mouse embryonic stem cells are directed to differentiate to specific cell types on the surface of polycaprolactone(PCL)fibres treated by plasma-immersion ion implantation and to which with lineage-specifying molecules have been covalently *** demonstrate the simplicity and utility of our method for efficiently generating high yields of the following cell types from these pluripotent stem cells:neurons,vascular endothelial cells,osteoclasts,adipocytes,and cells of the erythroid,myeloid,and lymphoid *** arranged plasma-treated scaffolds with differentiated cell types could ultimately serve as a means for the repair or treatment of diseased or damaged tissue.

关键词： Pluripotent stem cells Lineage commitment Growth factors Biomaterial engineering Plasma-immersion ion implantation Covalent biomolecule attachment Polycaprolactone

Photoelectrochemical Iron-Catalyzed C(sp^(3))-H Borylation of Alkanes in a Position-Selective manner

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1430-1438页

作者： Wen Wei Bin Wang simon L.Homölle Jinbin Zhu Yanjun Li Tristan von münchow Isaac maksso Lutz Ackermann Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen37077 Göttingen

Catalytic C-H borylation is of prime topical importance,since easily available feedstock chemicals can thereby be transformed into valuable transient functional groups in the absence of directing ***,we disclose an iron-catalyzed C(sp^(3))-H borylation of simple,non-prefunctionalized alkanes,providing access to value-added products in a single step by means of *** power of merging photo-and electrochemistry was mirrored by ample scope and exceedingly mild reaction ***,an outstanding position-selectivity in favor of primary C(sp^(3))-H proved viable within the photoelectrochemical borylation through a chemo-selective anodic overoxidation *** ferro-photoelectrochemistry strategy avoids toxic precious transition metals,enabling C(sp^(3))-H borylations in a site-selective fashion.

关键词： photoelectrocatalysis C(sp^(3))-H borylation iron catalysis position-selectivity chlorine radical