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Do microsporidia function as ＂biological weapon＂ for Harmonia axyridis under natural conditions？

Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 353-359页

作者： Tobias Gegner Oliver Otti simon Tragust Heike Feldhaar Animal Population Ecology Department of Animal Ecology I Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth D-95440 Bayreuth Germany

Invasive alien species, such as the multicoloured Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis, are often regarded as major drivers ofbiodiversity loss. Therefore understanding which characteristics or mechanisms contribute to their invasive success is important. Here the role of symbiotic microsporidia in the hemolymph of H. axyridis was investigated in the context of intraguild predation between wild-caught H. axyridis and the native ladybird species coccinella septempunctata. The microsporidia were recently discussed to contribute to the unpalatability of Harmonia for other coccinellids during intraguild predation and to function as ＂biological weapons＂. In the present study, visual detection of microsporidia in hemolymph samples revealed that 73.5 % of H. axyridis were infected. Intraguild predation experiments between larvae of the two species showed a significant competitive advantage for H. axyridis, even against larger larvae of c. septempunctata. Adult c. septempunctata always killed and fed on H. axyridis larvae. However only 11.4 % （4 of 47） of c. septempunctata that fed on infected H. axyridis died within 4 months. In contrast to previous studies this suggests that microsporidia or harmonine, the chemical defense compound of H. axyridis, do not lead to death of c. septempunctata preying on larvae ofH. axyridis. Instead our results support the idea that competitive advantage during intraguild predation greatly facilitates the success of H. axyridis and that this may help this highly invasive species to outcompete native species. The impact of microsporidia on Harmonia itself as well as on interspecific interactions require further studies.

关键词： defensive symbiont endosymbiont Harmonia axyridis invasive species microsporidia

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Integrating MEMS and Ics

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2015年第1期1卷 165-180页

作者： Andreas c.Fischer Fredrik Forsberg Martin Lapisa simon J.Bleiker Göran Stemme Niclas Roxhed Frank Niklaus Department of Micro and Nanosystems School of Electrical EngineeringKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10044 StockholmSweden

The majority of microelectromechanical system(MEMS)devices must be combined with integrated circuits(Ics)for operation in larger electronic *** MEMS transducers sense or control physical,optical or chemical quantities,Ics typically provide functionalities related to the signals of these transducers,such as analog-to-digital conversion,amplification,filtering and information processing as well as communication between the MEMS transducer and the outside ***,the vast majority of commercial MEMS products,such as accelerometers,gyroscopes and micro-mirror arrays,are integrated and packaged together with *** are a variety of possible methods of integrating and packaging MEMS and Ic components,and the technology of choice strongly depends on the device,the field of application and the commercial *** this review paper,traditional as well as innovative and emerging approaches to MEMS and Ic integration are *** include approaches based on the hybrid integration of multiple chips(multi-chip solutions)as well as system-on-chip solutions based on wafer-level monolithic integration and heterogeneous integration *** are important technological building blocks for the‘More-Than-Moore’paradigm described in the International Technology Roadmap for *** this paper,the various approaches are categorized in a coherent manner,their merits are discussed,and suitable application areas and implementations are critically *** implications of the different MEMS and Ic integration approaches for packaging,testing and final system costs are reviewed.

关键词： cofabrication platforms integrated circuits(Ics) microelectromechanical system(MEMS) More-Than-Moore multichip modules(McMs) system-in-package(SiP) system-on-chip(Soc) three-dimensional(3D)heterogeneous integration

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Mechanisms of autophagy activation in endothelial cell and their targeting during normothermic machine liver perfusion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第48期23卷 8443-8451页

作者： Yuri L Boteon Richard Laing Hynek Mergental Gary M Reynolds Darius F Mirza simon c Afford Ricky H Bhogal The Liver Unit University Hospitals of BirminghamMindelsohn Way The centre for Liver Research Institute for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Birmingham

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) is the leading cause of injury seen in the liver following transplantation. IRI also causes injury following liver surgery and haemodynamic shock. The first cells within the liver to be injured by IRI are the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSEc). Recent evidence suggests that LSEc coordinate and regulates the livers response to a variety of injuries. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the cyto-protective cellular process of autophagy is a key regulator of IRI. In particular LSEc autophagy may be an essential gatekeeper to the development of IRI. The recent availability of liver perfusion devices has allowed for the therapeutic targeting of autophagy to reduce IRI. In particular normothermic machine liver perfusion(NMP-L) allow the delivery of pharmacological agents to donor livers whilst maintaining physiological temperature and hepatic flow rates. In this review we summarise the current understanding of endothelial autophagy and how this may be manipulated during NMP-L to reduce liver IRI.

关键词： Autophagy Liver transplant Ischaemiareperfusion injury Normothermic machine liver perfusion

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Anticoagulation in frail older people

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Journal of Geriatric cardiology 2019年第11期16卷 844-846页

作者： Sarah Damanti simon Braham Luca Pasina Geriatric Unit IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly Nutritional Sciences PhD Univeristy of MilanMilanItaly Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis center IRCCS CàGranda Maggiore Hospital FoundationMilanItaly Pharmacotherapy and Appropriateness of Drug Prescription Unit Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSVia Giuseppe La MasaMilanItaly

Frailty is a multidimensional dynamic condition characterized by decreased physiological reserves. Therefore,frail people are more vulnerable to ***,minor stimuli,like a new drug prescription,can alter their homeostatic equilibrium determining adverse clinical outcomes(i.e.,falls,institutionalization,disability,and death).[1,2]Since the risk of atrial fibrillation[3]and venous thromboembolism[4]increase with ageing,frail people might require long term anticoagulation.

关键词： Anticoagulation Frailty The elderly

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Preclinical models in ophthalmic oncology-a narrative review

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第2期7卷 59-73页

作者： Daria Lehrmann Nasrin Refaian Michael simon Alexander c.Rokohl Ludwig M.Heindl Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany center for Integrated Oncology(cIO) Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-DüsseldorfCologneGermany

Objective:This review serves as a comprehensive description and summary of currently available preclinical models of three tumors in ophthalmic oncology:conjunctival melanoma(cM),uveal melanoma(UM),and ***:Malignant melanomas are the most common tumors of the eye in adults,most often localized in the uvea and *** the primary tumor can be successfully eliminated in many cases,nearly one in two UMs-and one in three cMs-are fatal to the patient due to *** therapies for metastatic uveal and cMs are unfortunately still not available,so there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies to improve prognosis quoad vitam and prolong the survival of melanoma *** widely known tumor of the eye is retinoblastoma,which is the most common pediatric ocular malignancy,occurring in approximately 1 in 15,000-18,000 live ***,it is considered well treatable,with a survival rate of approximately 90%at 3 years,although fatal if *** a long time,enucleation was also considered the treatment of choice,with bilateral cases having one eye irradiated and the eye with the more advanced tumor *** the 1990s,however,systemic chemotherapy has been predominantly used to preserve the quality of life and vision of young patients,although the cellular activity of the retinoblastoma often remains after treatment with chemotherapeutic *** of the disease is immensely depending on the stage and time of diagnosis and is varying between countries due to different developmental status of health care ***:We review recent advances in the available literature on established preclinical models in cM,UM,and *** addition,we discuss the advantages and limitations of these models and provide an overview of current alternatives to animal testing in preclinical ***:In the case of all three diseases,further research is needed for improved therapeutic ***

关键词： conjunctival melanoma(cM) uveal melanoma(UM) retinoblastoma ocular tumor preclinical models

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The GATK joint genotyping workflow is appropriate for calling variants in RNA-seq experiments

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 811-816页

作者： Jean-simon Brouard Flavio Schenkel Andrew Marete Nathalie Bissonnette Sherbrooke Research and Development centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaSherbrookeQC J1M 0C8Canada center of Genetic Improvement of Livestock University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada

The Genome Analysis Toolkit(GATK) is a popular set of programs for discovering and genotyping variants from next-generation sequencing *** current GATK recommendation for RNA sequencing(RNA-seq) is to perform variant calling from individual samples,with the drawback that only variable positions are *** 3.0 and above of GATK offer the possibility of calling DNA variants on cohorts of samples using the Haplotypecaller algorithm in Genomic Variant call Format(GVcF) *** this approach,variants are called individually on each sample,generating one GVcF file per sample that lists genotype likelihoods and their genome *** a second step,variants are called from the GVcF files through a joint genotyping *** strategy is more flexible and reduces computational challenges in comparison to the traditional joint discovery *** a GVcF workflow for mining SNP in RNA-seq data provides substantial advantages,including reporting homozygous genotypes for the reference allele as well as missing *** advantage of RNA-seq data derived from primary macrophages isolated from 50 cows,the GATK joint genotyping method for calling variants on RNA-seq data was validated by comparing this approach to a so-called "per-sample" *** addition,pair-wise comparisons of the two methods were performed to evaluate their respective sensitivity,precision and accuracy using DNA genotypes from a companion study including the same 50 cows genotyped using either genotyping-by-sequencing or with the Bovine SNP50 Beadchip(imputed to the Bovine high density).Results indicate that both approaches are very close in their capacity of detecting reference variants and that the joint genotyping method is more sensitive than the per-sample *** that the joint genotyping method is more flexible and technically easier,we recommend this approach for variant calling in RNA-seq experiments.

关键词： GATK GVcF Joint genotyping RNA-seq SNP

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Method of cells-based multiscale modeling of elastic properties of filament wound c/c-Sic including free Si and matrix porosity

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第12期35卷 2906-2918页

作者： Evan J.Pineda Marek Fassin Stefanie Reese Jaan-Willem simon NASA Glenn Research center 21000 Brookpark RoadMS 49/7ClevelandOH 44135United States Institute for Applied Mechanics RWTH Aachen UniversityMies-van-der-Rohe-Str.152074 AachenGermany

Three different multiscale models, based on the method of cells(generalized and high fidelity) micromechanics models were developed and used to predict the elastic properties of c/c-Sic composites. In particular, the following multiscale modeling strategies were employed: concurrent modeling of all phases using the generalized method of cells, synergistic(two-way coupling in space) multiscale modeling with the generalized method of cells, and hierarchical(one-way coupling in space) multiscale modeling with the high fidelity generalized method of cells. The three models are validated against data from a hierarchical multiscale finite element model in the literature for a repeating unit cell of c/***, the multiscale models are used in conjunction with classical lamination theory to predict the stiffness of c/c-Sic plates manufactured via a wet filament winding and liquid silicon infiltration process recently developed by the German Aerospace Institute. Finally, un-reacted Si(or free Si) and porosity in the c matrix are included in the multiscale model, and the effect of these new phases on the stiffness and local stresses are considered.

关键词： Multiscale modeling c/c-Sic ceramic matrix composites

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Regulation of Plant Vitamin Metabolism:Backbone of Biofortification for the Alleviation of Hidden Hunger

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Molecular Plant 2021年第3期14卷 40-60页

作者： Ling Jiang simon Strobbe Dominique Van Der Straeten chunyi Zhang Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology Ghent UniversityK.L.Ledeganckstraat 359000 GhentBelgium These authors contributed equally to this work

Micronutrient deficiencies include shortages of vitamins and *** affect billions of people and are associated with long-range effects on health,learning ability,and huge economic *** of multiple micronutrients can play an important role in combating *** challenge,however,is to balance plant growth with nutrient requirements for ***,we summarize the major progress about vitamin biosynthesis and its response to the changing *** discuss the interactions among vitamins as well as possible strategies for vitamin ***,we propose to integrate new breeding technologies with metabolic pathway modification to facilitate the biofortification of crops,thereby alleviating the hidden hunger of target populations.

关键词： vitamins biosynthesis regulatory mechanisms biofortification hidden hunger

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cRISPR-cas nucleases and base editors for plant genome editing

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aBIOTEcH 2020年第1期1卷 74-87页

作者： Filiz Gurel Yingxiao Zhang simon Sretenovic Yiping Qi Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of ScienceIstanbul UniversityVezneciler34134 IstanbulTurkey Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research University of MarylandRockvilleMD 20850USA

clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(cRISPR)—cRISPR-associated protein(cas)and base editors are fundamental tools in plant genome ***9 from Streptococcus pyogenes(Spcas9),recognizing an NGG protospacer adjacent motif(PAM),is a widely used nuclease for genome editing in living ***12a nucleases,targeting T-rich PAMs,have also been recently demonstrated in several plant ***,multiple cas9 and cas12a engineered variants and orthologs,with different PAM recognition sites,editing efficiencies and fidelity,have been explored in *** RNA-guided sequence-specific nucleases(SSN)generate double-stranded breaks(DSBs)in DNA,which trigger non-homologous end-joining(NHEJ)repair or homology-directed repair(HDR),resulting in insertion and deletion(indel)mutations or precise gene replacement,***,genome editing can be achieved by base editors without introducing *** far,several base editors have been applied in plants to introduce c-to-T or A-to-G transitions,but they are still undergoing improvement in editing window size,targeting scope,off-target effects in DNA and RNA,product purity and overall ***,we summarize recent progress on the application of cas nucleases,engineered cas variants and base editors in plants.

关键词： cRISPR Spcas9 cas12a cas12b PAM cytidine/adenine base editors

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Quality of life, physical performance and nutritional status in older patients hospitalized in a cardiology department

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Journal of Geriatric cardiology 2020年第7期17卷 410-416页

作者： Matthieu Lilamand Mariannick Saintout Marie Vigan Astrid Bichon Laure Tourame Aurélie Brembilla Diet Bernard Iung Dominique Himbert cédric Laouenan Agathe Raynaud-simon Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Nord Department of GeriatricsBichat University HospitalFrance University of Paris France Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Nord Department of EpidemiologyBiostatistics and Clinical ResearchBichat University HospitalFrance Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Nord Department of CardiologyBichat University HospitalFrance

Objectives Quality of life(QoL) is a priority outcome in older adults suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Frailty and poor nutritional status may affect the QoL through mobility disorders and exhaustion. The objective of this study was to determine if physical frailty and nutritional status were associated with QoL, in older cardiology patients. Methods cross sectional, observational study conducted in a cardiology department from a university hospital. Participants(n = 100) were aged 70 and older. collected data included age, sex, cardiac diseases, New York Heart Association(NYHA) classification, comorbidities(charlson Index) and disability. A Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB), including walking speed assessment was performed;handgrip strength were measured as well as Fried’s frailty phenotype. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA) and Body Mass Index(BMI), inflammation by c-reactive protein(cRP). QoL was assessed using the EORTc–QLQ questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to study the associations between all recorded parameters and QoL. Results In participants(mean age: 79.3 ± 6.7 years;male: 59%), charlson index, arrhythmia, heart failure, NYHA class III-IV, MNA, disability, walking speed, SPPB score, frailty and cRP were significantly associated with QoL in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that NYHA class III-IV(P core(P = 0.03), frailty(P cRP(P ciated with decreased QoL. conclusions Frailty, nutritional status and inflammation were independently associated with poor QoL. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of nutritional and physical interventions on QoL in this population.

关键词： cardiovascular diseases Frailty Muscle strength Nutrition Older adults Quality of life

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