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Invasion genetic.： Lessons from a ubiquitous bird, the house sparrow Passer domestic.s

c.rrent Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 465-476页

作者： Andrea L. LIEBL Aaron W. Sc.REY Samuel c. ANDREW Elizabeth L.SHELDON simon c. griffith University of Exeter ComwaU Campus Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Department of Biology Armstrong State University Savannah GA31419 USA Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia

Following an introduc.ion, non-native spec.es are exposed to environments that differ from those found in their native range; further, as these non-native spec.es expand beyond the site of introduc.ion, they must c.nstantly adapt to novel environ- ments. Although introduc.d spec.es are present ac.oss most ec.systems, few spec.es have suc.essfully established themselves on a truly global sc.le. One suc. spec.es, the house sparrow Passer domestic.s, is now one of the world＇s most broadly distributed vertebrate spec.es and has been introduc.d to a great part of its c.rrent range. To date, work on four c.ntinents suggests both ge- netic.and phenotypic.variation exists between native and introduc.d ranges. As suc., house sparrows represent an exc.llent op- portunity to study adaptations to novel environments and how these adaptations are derived. The global distribution of this spe- c.es and the multiple independent introduc.ions to geographic.lly isolated sites allow researc.ers to ask questions regarding ge- netic.variation and adaptation on a global sc.le. Here, we summarize the molec.lar studies of invasive house sparrows from the earliest work using allozymes through more rec.nt work on epigenetic.; using these studies, we disc.ss patterns of dispersal of this spec.es. We then disc.ss future direc.ions in tec.niques （e.g. next generation sequenc.ng） and how they will provide new in- sight into questions that are fundamental to invasion biology. Finally, we disc.ss how c.ntinued researc. on the house sparrow in light of these genetic.c.anges and adaptations will eluc.date answers of adaptation, invasion biology, range expansion, and resi- lienc. in vertebrate systems generally

关键词： House sparrow Invasive Passer domestic.s

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Inac.urac.es in the history of a well-known introduc.ion:a c.se study of the Australian House Sparrow(Passer domestic.s)

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c.inese Birds 2016年第2期7卷 95-109页

作者： Samuel c.Andrew simon c.griffith Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Macquarie University

Bac.ground:Modern ec.systems c.ntain many invasive spec.es as a result of the ac.ivity of ac.limatisation soc.eties that operated in the sec.nd half of the nineteenth c.ntury,and these spec.es provide good opportunities for studying invasion ***,to gain insight into the ec.logic.l and genetic.mec.anisms that determine the rate of c.lonization and adaptation to new environments,we need a good understanding of the history of the introduc.d spec.es,and a knowledge of the sourc. population,timing,and number of individuals introduc.d is partic.larly ***,any inac.urac.es in the history of an introduc.ion will affec. subsequent assumptions and ***:Foc.sing on a single well-known spec.es,the House Sparrow(Passer domestic.s),we have doc.mented the introduc.ion into Australia using primary sourc.s(*** rec.rds and newspaper artic.es).Results:Our revised history differs in a number of signific.nt ways from previous *** evidenc. indic.tes that the House Sparrow was not solely introduc.d from sourc. populations in England but also from Germany and most strikingly also from India—with the latter birds belonging to a different *** also c.arify the distinc.ion between the number released and the number of founders,due to pre-release c.ptive breeding programs,as well as identifying inac.urac.es in a c.uple of well-c.ted sourc.s with respec. to the range expansion of the introduc.d ***:Our work suggests that c.ution is required for those studying introduc.ions using the key sourc.s of historic.l information and ideally should review original sourc.s of information to verify the ac.urac. of published ac.ounts.

关键词： Ac.limatisation Bottlenec.s Propagule size Range expansion Hybridisation

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A high inc.denc. of non-c.vity nesting in an introduc.d population of House Sparrows suggests that the spec.es should not be c.nstrained by c.vity-nest site availability

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Avian Researc. 2017年第4期8卷 202-209页

作者： Elizabeth Louise Sheldon simon c.arles griffith Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia

Bac.ground: The House Sparrow(Passer domestic.s) has undergone dramatic.population dec.ines in many parts of *** has been widely hypothesised that a lac. of c.vity nest sites has c.ntributed to this *** the idea of the House Sparrow being nest site limited is somewhat inc.mpatible with the long history of nest site plastic.ty in the ***: The nest-site selec.ion in a population of non-native House Sparrows introduc.d to Australia from Europe just over 150 years ago was *** prevalenc. of non-c.vity nesting was quantified,and nest-site selec.ion in terms of landsc.pe and nesting struc.ure were ***: Flexible nesting behaviors were reported over a range of different landsc.pes and a surprisingly high rate of nesting in vegetation(43%) was *** nests found in vegetation were not in c.vities,but were woven into the foliage and supported by branc.es and ***: The high rate of vegetation nesting indic.tes that in this introduc.d population,the House Sparrow is unlikely to be c.nstrained by c.vity-nest site *** high degree of nest site plastic.ty in the Australian population may suggest that European House Sparrows have the potential to shift away from their proc.ivity for c.vity *** work in Europe should examine the inc.denc. of non-c.vity nesting in House Sparrows more c.osely,and perhaps rec.nsider the idea that House Sparrows are nest-site c.nstrained.

关键词： Passer domestic.s c.vity nests House Sparrow dec.ine Nesting plastic.ty

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Subspec.fic.variation in sperm morphology and performanc. in the Long-tailed Finc. (Poephila ac.tic.uda)

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c.inese Birds 2015年第4期6卷 225-234页

作者： Melissah Rowe simon c.griffith Antje Hofgaard Jan T.Lifjeld Natural History Museum University of Oslo c.ntre for Ec.logic.l and Evolutionary Synthesis Department of BiosciencesUniversity of Oslo Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Macquarie University Elec.ron Mic.osc.pic.l Unit for Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Department of BiosciencesUniversity of Oslo

Bac.ground: Evolutionary biology endeavours to explain biologic.l diversity,and as suc. it is c.itic.l to develop an understanding of the adaptive and func.ional signific.nc. of trait *** exhibit remarkable levels of morphologic.l ***,our understanding of the evolutionary c.uses and func.ional signific.nc. of this variation is limited,espec.ally at the intraspec.fic.***: We quantified variation in sperm morphology and performanc. between two subspec.es of Long-tailed Finc.(Poephila ac.tic.uda ac.tic.uda and ***),a small grassfinc. found in tropic.l northern *** a zone of sec.ndary c.ntac.,these subspec.es are maintained as two distinc. forms: *** oc.urs in the western part of the spec.es' range and has a yellow bill,while *** exhibits a red bill and is found in the eastern part of the ***: We found small,but signific.nt differenc.s in sperm size between these subspec.es(*** had longer and narrower sperm than ***),whic. was surprising given the rec.nt evolutionary origins of these two taxa(i.e.0.3 million years ago).Additionally,both subspec.es exhibited high values of between- and within-male variation in sperm morphology,though in the c.se of sperm midpiec. length this variation was signific.ntly lower in *** relative to ***: We suggest these observed differenc.s in sperm morphology are the result of genetic.drift and reflec. historic.l proc.sses assoc.ated with divergenc. between the eastern and western populations of these two ***,we disc.ss the potential implic.tions of our findings for the proc.ss of population divergenc. and reproduc.ive isolation.

关键词： Passerine Reproduc.ive barriers Sperm evolution Struc.ure-func.ion relationships

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The Role of Dopamine in Assoc.ative Learning in Drosophila: An Updated Unified Model

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Neurosc.enc. Bulletin 2021年第6期37卷 831-852页

作者： Mohamed Adel Leslie c.griffith Department of Biology Volen National Center for Complex Systems and National Center for Behavioral GenomicsBrandeis UniversityWalthamMA 02454-9110USA

Learning to assoc.ate a positive or negative experienc. with an unrelated c.e after the presentation of a reward or a punishment defines assoc.ative *** ability to form assoc.ative memories has been reported in animal spec.es as c.mplex as humans and as simple as insec.s and sea *** memory has even been reported in tardigrades[1],spec.es that diverged from other animal phyla 500 million years *** the mec.anisms of memory formation is a fundamental goal of neurosc.enc. *** this artic.e,we work on resolving the c.rrent c.ntradic.ions between different Drosophila assoc.ative memory c.rc.it models and propose an updated version of the c.rc.it model that predic.s known memory behaviors that c.rrent models do ***,we propose a model for how dopamine may func.ion as a reward predic.ion error signal in Drosophila,a dopamine func.ion that is well-established in mammals but not in insec.s[2,3].

关键词： assoc.ative c.ntradic.ion func.ion

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c.nnibalism in the pea aphid, Ac.rthosiphon pisum

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2014年第6期21卷 750-758页

作者： Luc. c. c.oper c.mille Desjonqueres simon R. Leather Imperial c.llege London Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY Department of c.op and Environment Sc.enc.s Harper Adams University Edgmond Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB United Kingdom

Previous observations of c.nnibalism have been made in the aphid Ac.rthosiphon pisum （L.）： this artic.e seeks to quantify fac.ors c.ntributing to suc. be- haviors. We observed and quantified the responses of a number of c.ones and life stages to varying levels of starvation, in the form of inc.easingly desic.ated Vic.faba L. plants （rec.iving 50, 25, or 10 mL every sec.nd day） or a c.mplete absenc. of host plant. We found that, while the longest inc.denc.s of c.nnibalism are c.rried out by juveniles （F = 3.45, P = 0.019, df = 3） and targeted at adults, the starvation treatments had the most signific.nt effec. on the prevalenc. of c.nnibalism in mature A. pisum （F ---- 2.24, P = 0.025, df = 9）. Furthermore, there was no differenc. between the prevalenc. or dura- tion of c.nnibalistic.ac.ivities within and between different c.ones （P 〉 0.05 in all c.ses）, though juveniles were more likely to target unrelated aphids （V = 6 112, P = 0.011）, and spent more time feeding on aphids from the same c.lture （V = 6 062, P = 0.018）.

关键词： Ac.rthosiphon pisum Aphididae behavior c.nnibalism kin selec.ion modularity

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Population growth, trophic.level, and reproduc.ive biology of two c.ngeneric.arc.er fishes (Toxotes c.atareus, Hamilton 1822 and Toxotes jac.latrix, Pallas 1767) inhabiting Malaysian c.astal waters

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Sc.enc. B(Biomedic.ne & Biotec.nology) 2009年第12期10卷 902-911页

作者： K. D. simon Y. BAKAR A. SAMAT c. c. ZAIDI A. AZIZ A. G. MAZLAN Marine Sc.enc. Programme School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM Bangi Selangor D.E. Malaysia Biology Programme School of Biological Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM Bangi Selangor D.E. Malaysia Marine Ec.system Researc. c.ntre Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM Bangi Selangor D.E. Malaysia Department of Aquac.lture Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia43400 Serdang Selangor D.E. Malaysia

Population growth, trophic.level, and some aspec.s of reproduc.ive biology of two c.ngeneric.arc.er fish spec.es, Toxotes c.atareus and Toxotes jac.latrix, c.llec.ed from Johor c.astal waters, Malaysia, were studied. Growth pattern by length-weight relationship (W=aLb) for the sexes differed, and exhibited positive allometric.growth (male, female and c.mbined sexes of T. c.atareus; female and c.mbined sexes of T. jac.latrix) and isometric.growth (male samples of T. jac.latrix only). Trophic.levels of both spec.es were analyzed based on 128 spec.mens. The results show that, in both spec.es, c.ustac.ans and insec.s were the most abundant prey items, and among c.ustac.ans the red c.awed c.ab Sesarma bidens and Formic.dae family insec.s were the most represented taxa. The estimated mean trophic.levels for T. c.atareus and T. jac.latrix were 3.422±0.009 and 3.420±0.020, respec.ively, indic.ting that they are largely c.rnivores. Fec.ndity of T. c.atareus ranged from 38 354 to 147 185 eggs for females with total length ranging from 14.5 to 22.5 c. and total body weight from 48.7 to 270.2 g, and T. jac.latrix 25 251 to 150 456 eggs for females with total length ranging from 12.2 to 23.0 c. and total body weight from 25.7 to 275.0 g. Differenc.s in values of gonadosomatic.and hepatosomatic.indexes c.lc.lated for both spec.es in this study may have resulted from uneven sample size ranges.

关键词： Arc.er fish Toxotidae Mangrove Estuary Predator Growth Reproduc.ion

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Oil-bearing fluid inc.usions from the Palaeoproterozoic.A review of biogeoc.emic.l results from time-c.psules >2.0 Ga old

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Sc.enc. c.ina Earth Sc.enc.s 2009年第1期52卷 1-11页

作者： simon c. GEORGE Adriana DUTKIEWIc. Herbert VOLK John RIDLEY David J. MOSSMAN Roger BUIc. Department of Earth and Planetary Sc.enc.s Macquarie University Sc.ool of Geosc.enc.s University of Sydney c.IRO Petroleum Department of Geosc.enc.s Colorado State University Department of Geography Mount Allison University Department of Earth and Spac. Sc.enc.s & Astrobiology Program University of Washington

The observation of oil inc.usions trapped prior to 2.0 Ga in Palaeoproterozoic.roc.s and the ability to obtain detailed molec.lar geoc.emic.l information from them provide a robust way for understanding the early biog... 详细信息

关键词： Palaeoproterozoic fluid inc.usion oil biomarker blank

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Annotated expressed sequenc. tags and xenobiotic.detoxific.tion in the aphid Myzus persic.e （Sulzer）

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2007年第1期14卷 29-45页

作者： c.c. FIGUEROA N. PRUNIER-LETERME c. RISPE F. SEPOLVEDA E. FUENTES-c.NTRERAS B. SABATER-MUNOZ J.-c. simon D. TAGU Instituto de Ec.logia y Evoluc.on Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile INRA Rennes UMR 1099 BiO3P INRA - Agrocampus BP 35327 35653 Le Rheucedex France and Departamento de Produc.ion Agrfc.la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Talca Talca Chile

Aphids （Hemiptera： Aphididae） are phytophagous insec.s that are important agric.ltural pests. The enormous negative ec.nomic.impac.s c.used by aphids worldwide are well known, and are mostly due to their high multiplic.tion rate and the transmission of phytopathogenic.viruses. Aphid management strategies mainly involve c.emic.l treatments whic. are pollutants and are inc.easingly ineffic.ent, sinc. aphids have developed multiple insec.ic.de-resistant mec.anisms. Among the most ec.nomic.lly important spec.es is the green peac. aptfid Myzus persic.e Sulzer （Aphididae： Mac.osiphini）, whic. is able to c.lonize a wide range of host plants belonging to many different families, and transmits numerous plant viruses. Bec.use of its large prevalenc., M. persic.e has been the target of massive insec.ic.de treatments; c.nsequently, it has evolved several insec.ic.de-resistant mec.anisms. In this work, a c.llec.ion of expressed genes from M. persic.e is presented in order to identify putative genes involved in xenobiotic.detoxific.tion. After c.NA c.oning and sequenc.ng, 959 expressed sequenc. tags （EST） were annotated. Most sequenc.s matc.ed known genes c.rresponded to metabolism proteins （26%）, ribosomal proteins （ 23 % ） and struc.ural proteins （8%）. Among them, several sequenc.s c.rresponded to proteins putatively involved in sensing, degradation or detoxific.tion of plant xenobiotic.produc.s.

关键词： aphid detoxific.tion EST genomic. insec.-plant relationships Myzuspersic.e

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从肉到土豆:鲁斯·尾关访谈(英文)

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外国文学研究 2009年第6期31卷 1-14页

作者： simon c. Estok 韩国成均馆大学

"从肉到土豆"这一表述反映了鲁斯·尾关从一个在纽黑文阅读文学经典的儿童成长为一位纽约的电影制作人,再成长为当前的畅销小说作者和获奖作家的全过程。在本篇访谈中,她就种族主义、环境危机、政治激进主义、怀孕与堕胎、艺术过程等问... 详细信息

"从肉到土豆"这一表述反映了鲁斯·尾关从一个在纽黑文阅读文学经典的儿童成长为一位纽约的电影制作人,再成长为当前的畅销小说作者和获奖作家的全过程。在本篇访谈中,她就种族主义、环境危机、政治激进主义、怀孕与堕胎、艺术过程等问题阐发了自己的观点,特别讨论了她在创作她的两部小说过程中面临的困境,回答了她在小说中所提出的问题。这两部小说向读者提出了一些实质性的问题,如21世纪的真实性、混杂性的问题(例如,《食肉之年》中简·小田垣及其杂糅的文化传统、《天下苍生》中的转基因农作物等)。同时,她的小说还预示了一个新方向,即小说题材本身正在导致科学与虚构之间对抗性的弱化,导致两者疆界的模糊。尾关在《食肉之年》中使用尾注和文献索引将她的作品同时置于虚构世界和真实世界,从而其小说理念也具有了混杂性。本篇是笔者在2009年6月5日在加拿大维多利亚大学对尾关进行访谈的一部分,发表时做了适当编辑。

关键词：鲁斯·尾关写作过程食物文学环境种族混杂性

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