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Nano-Morphology of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer Imaging, Reconstruction and Analysis

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Nano Research 2011年第9期4卷 849-860页

作者： simon Thiele Roland Zengerle Christoph Ziegler Laboratory for MEMS Applications Department of Microsystems Engineering--IMTEK University of Freiburg Georges-Koehler-Allee106 79110 Freiburg Germany

The oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） in the cathode catalyst layer （CCL） of polymer electrolyte fuel cells （PEFC） is one of the major causes of performance loss during operation. In addition, the CCL is the most expensive component due to the use of a Pt catalyst. Apart from the ORR itself, the species transport to and from the reactive sites determines the performance of the PEFC. The effective transport properties of the species in the CCL depend on its nanostructure. Therefore a three-dimensional reconstruction of the CCL is required. A series of two-dimensional images was obtained from focused ion beam- scanning electron microscope （FIB-SEM） imaging and a segmentation method for the two-dimensional images has been developed. The pore size distribution （PSD） was calculated for the three-dimensional geometry. The influence of the alignment and the anisotropic pixel size on the PSD has been investigated. Pores were found in the range between 5 nm and 205 nm. Evaluation of the Knudsen number showed that gas transport in the CCL is governed by the transition flow regime. The liquid water transport can be described within continuum hydrodynamics by including suitable slip flow boundary conditions.

关键词： Cathode catalyst layer (CCL), polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), tomograph three-dimensional reconstruction

Epitope mapping on Wegener's granulomatosis autoantigen proteinase 3

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Chinese Medical Journal 2001年第7期114卷 88-91,110-111页

作者：黄真 martin Lockwood 北京大学第一医院物理医学康复科北京100034 Department of Medicine University of CambridgeSchool of Clinical MedicineAddenbrooke’s Hospital

Abstract:Objective To map the epitopes on Wegener's granulomatosis autoantigen proteinase *** Antigenicity of proteinase 3 was studied with Western blot analysis in which proteinase 3 was prepared under reducing and non-reducing conditions. Two anti-proteinase 3 monoclonal antibodies, hZ1F12 and hZ1h3, were used to inhibit each other and to inhibit 22 anti-proteinase 3 positive sera from patients with Wegener's granulomatosis in competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Results All monoclonal antibodies and patient sera recognized proteinase 3 under non-reducing conditions in Western blot analysis. hZ1F12 was inhibited 74% by hZ1h3. 10/22 (46%) sera were completely or partially inhibited by hZ1F12; 9/22 (41%) sera were partially inhibited by hZ1h3; and 6/22 (27%) were inhibited by both monoclonal antibodies. In inhibition Western blot analysis, the binding of patient sera to proteinase 3 could be inhibited by hZ1F12. Conclusions The epitopes of Wegener's granulomatosis autoantigen were conformational. Anti-proteinase 3 monoclonal hZ1F12 and hZ1h3 recognized similar or overlapping epitopes on the proteinase 3 molecule. Epitopes of proteinase 3 recognized by anti-proteinase 3 positive sera were not restricted.

关键词： vasculitis · Wegener's granulomatosis · proteinase 3 · anti neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies · epitope

Ketamine,a trauma analgesic with sex-specific immunomodulatory function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1263-1264页

作者： haley F.Spencer Rina Y.Berman martin Boese Kwang h.Choi Program in Neuroscience Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA Daniel K.Inouye Graduate School of Nursing Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA Department of Psychiatry F.E.Hébert School of MedicineUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA

Ketamine,a multimodal dissociative anesthetic,produces powerful analgesia at subanesthetic doses in traumatically injured *** ketamine does not induce respiratory depression or hemodynamic instability,the Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care for the US military recommends the use of subanesthetic doses of ketamine for acute pain management(Butler et al.,2014).Additionally,ketamine may have immunomodulatory effects after injury at subanesthetic doses,mediating the balance of pro-and anti-inflammatory processes(Loix et al.,2011;De Kock et al.,2013).

关键词： doses acute

Esophageal squamous papilloma lacks clear clinicopathological associations

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第4期5卷 134-139页

作者： Bilel Jideh.martin Weltman Yang Wu Calvin h Y Chan Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology Nepean Hospital

AIM To determine the prevalence of esophageal squamous papillomas(ESPs) in a tertiary teaching hospital and to assess for any clinical associations, including relations with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas(SCCs). METhODS Data from a total of 6962 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies over a five year period were retrospectively obtained and analysed. RESULTS ESP was found in sixteen patients(0.23%). Eight(50%) patients had a high body mass index, seven(44%) had history of cigarette smoking. Reflux esophagitis was found in four(25%) patients. All ESPs were solitary with a mean endoscopic size of 3.8 mm and located in the mid to lower esophagus. human papilloma virus(hPV) was tested in three(19%) patients and was negative. Esophageal SCC was found in seven patients(0.10%) during the same period. None of the specimens were tested for hPV, and none had associated papillomatous changes. CONCLUSION ESP is an uncommon tumour with unclear clinical associations and malignant potential.

关键词： Esophagus Papilloma Gastroesophageal reflux disease human papilloma virus Squamous cell carcinoma

Campylobacterjejuni in Musca domestica： An examination of survival and transmission potential in light of the innate immune responses of the house flies

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 584-598页

作者： Carson Gill simon Bahrndorff Carl Lowenberger Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC Canada National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark

The house fly, Musca domestica, has been implicated as a vector of Campy- lobacter spp., a major cause of human disease. Little is known whether house flies serve as biological amplifying hosts or mechanical vectors for Campylobacterjejuni. We in- vestigated the period after C. jejuni had been ingested by house flies in which viable C. jejuni colonies could be isolated from whole bodies, the vomitus and the excreta of adult M. domestica and evaluated the activation of innate immune responses of house flies to ingested C. jejuni over time. C. jejuni could be cultured from infected houseflies soon after ingestion but no countable C. jejuni colonies were observed 〉 24 h postingestion. We detected viable C. jejuni in house fly vomitus and excreta up to 4 h after ingestion, but no viable bacteria were detected 〉 8 h. Suppression subtractive hybridization identi- fied pathogen-induced gene expression in the intestinal tracts of adult house flies 4-24 h after ingesting C. jejuni. We measured the expression of immune regulatory （thor, JNK, and spheroide） and effector （cecropin, diptericin, attacin, defensing, and lysozyme） genes in C. jejuni-infected and -uninfected house flies using quantitative real time PCR. Some house fly factor, or combination of factors, eliminates C. jejuni within 24 h postingestion. Because C. jejuni is not amplified within the body of the housefly, this insect likely serves as a mechanical vector rather than as a true biological, amplifying vector for C. jejuni, and adds to our understanding of insect pathogen interactions.

关键词： antimicrobial peptides Campylobacter spp. Campylobacteriosis house fly innate immunity Musca domestica suppression subtractive hybridization (SSh) vector

Understand SLE heterogeneity in the era of omics,big data,and artificial intelligence

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2021年第1期1卷 40-51页

作者： Prianka Puri simon h.Jiang Yang Yang Fabienne Mackay Di Yu Kidney health Service Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease John Curtin School of Medical ResearchActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Centre for Personalised Immunology NHMRC Centre for Research ExcellenceActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of Renal Medicine The Canberra HospitalGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Brisbane QLD HerstonQueenslandAustralia

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by extraordinary heterogeneity,due to the complex pathogenesis and diverse *** of patients for therapy and prognosis represents a major challenge to manage *** biomarkers for disease diagnosis and activity assessment provide very limited insight into immunological pathogenesis and therapeutic response *** advancement of“omics”technologies including genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics has constituted an unprecedented opportunity to characterize the immunopathological landscape in individual patients with ***,genomic studies reveal a subset of SLE patients carrying one or more functional single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)underlying immune dysregulation while transcriptomic studies have revealed subgroups in SLE patients showing distinct signatures for Type I interferon(TI-IFN)pathway activation or aberrant differentiation of B cells into plasma *** review will summarize results from the latest studies using omics technology to understand SLE *** addition,we propose that the application of artificial intelligence,such as by machine learning-based nonlinear dimensionality reduction method uniform manifold approximation and projection(UMAP)can further strengthen the analysis of omics big *** combination of new technology and novel analysis pipeline can lead to breakthroughs in stratifying SLE patients for a better monitoring of disease activity and more precise design of treatment regime,not only for conventional immunosuppression but also novel immunotherapies targeting B-cell activating factor(BAFF),TI-IFN,and interleukin 2(IL-2).

关键词： classification genomics metabolomics proteomics transcriptomics

Invariant observer design of attitude and heading reference system

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Control Theory and Technology 2019年第3期17卷 228-240页

作者： martin BARCZYK Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada

An attitude and heading reference system (AhRS) is a nonlinear state estimator unit for computing orientation in 3D space. This paper designs an Ah RS using three approaches: an in variant observer, an invaria nt exte nded Kalman filter (IEKF), and a conventional extended Kalman filter (EKF). The three designs are validated in experiment versus a ground truth, dem on strati ng the practical interest of the invariant observer methodology and the advantage of the IEKF over the EKF under model uncertainty.

关键词： Inertial navigation state estimation Kalman filters nonlinear dynamical systems covariance matrices

Monitoring long-term shoreline dynamics and human activities in the hangzhou Bay,China,combining daytime and nighttime EO data

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Big Earth Data 2020年第3期4卷 242-264页

作者： Lixia Chu Francis Oloo martin Sudmanns Dirk Tiede Daniel hölbling Thomas Blaschke Iulian Teleoacac aInterfaculty Department of Geoinformatics Z_GISUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria hydrology and Earth Observation Lab The Technical University of KenyaNairobiKenya Department of Geography West University of TimişoaraTimişoaraRomania

Shorelines are vulnerable to anthropogenic activities including urbanization,land reclamation and sediment *** changes may be a reflection of the degradation of coastal ecosystems because of human *** the shoreline dynamics is,therefore,a topic of global *** observation data,such as multi-temporal satellite images,are an important resource for assessing changes in coastal *** this research,we used Google Earth Engine(GEE)to monitor and map historical shoreline dynamics in the hangzhou Bay in China where the Qiantang River flows into the East China ***,we aimed to capture and quantify both the spatial and temporal shoreline changes and to assess the link between anthropogenic activities and shoreline changes on the integrity of this coastal *** implemented a Tasselled Cap analysis(TCA)on Landsat imagery from 1985 to 2018 in GEE to calculate the wetness *** then applied Otsu method for automatic image thresholding on the wetness coefficient to detect waterbodies and shoreline ***,we adopted the nighttime light data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System(DMSP-OLS)from 1992 to 2013 as a proxy of human *** results show that in the hotspot areas,the shoreline has moved by more than 5 km in the last decades,accounting for approximately 900 km^(2) of land *** this area,the human activity,indicated by the intensity of nighttime light,increased *** results of this work reveal the influence of human activities on the shoreline dynamics and can support policies that promote the sustainable use and conservation of coastal *** methodology can be transferred and applied to other coastal zones in various regions and scaled up to larger areas.

关键词： Shorelines dynamics human activities Google Earth Engine Earth observation

Spin-polarized electron beam generation in the colliding-pulse injection scheme

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第6期8卷 49-62页

作者： Zheng Gong Michael J.Quin simon Bohlen Christoph hKeitel Kristjan Põder Matteo Tamburini Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 169117 HeidelbergGermany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany

Employing colliding-pulse injection has been shown to enable the generation of high-quality electron beams from laser-plasma ***,by using test particle simulations,hamiltonian analysis,and multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,we lay the theoretical framework for spin-polarized electron beam generation in the colliding-pulse injection ***,we show that this scheme enables the production of quasi-monoenergetic electron beams in excess of 80%polarization and tens of pC charge with commercial 10-TW-class laser systems.

关键词： polarized scheme enable