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An examination by GC×GC-TOFMS of organic molecules present inhighly degraded oils emerging from Caribbean terrestrial seeps of Cretaceous age

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 5-15页

作者： Alan G.Scarlett Ana Ibis Despaigne-Diaz simon A.wilde Kliti Grice Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre The Institute for Geoscience Research Curtin University Department of Applied Geology The Institute for Geoscience Research Curtin University

For our ancestors, oil seeps were both a fascination and a resource but as the planet's reserves of high quality low density oil becomes increasingly depleted, so there is now a renewed interest in heavier,biodegraded oils such as those encountered in terrestrial seeps. One such seep is Pitch Lake in the Caribbean island of Trinidad, which is the largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world. At the northern end of the Caribbean, oil emerges along a tectonic contact on the island on Cuba. The sources of the oils from these seeps are relatively recent and both are subject to intense weathering due to the tropical conditions. When analysed by gas chromatography(GC) both oils appear as unresolved complex mixtures(UCM) and show a very high degree of biodegradation thus presenting an analytical challenge. In this case study, these two Caribbean seep oils were analysed by comprehensive two dimensional GC with time of flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) to expose many thousands of the individual compounds that comprise the UCM. The high chromatographic resolution of the GC×GC-TOFMS produced good quality mass spectra allowing many compounds including molecular fossil ‘biomarkers' to be identified. Compound classes included diamondoid hydrocarbons, demethylated hopanes and secohopanes, mono-and tri-aromatic steroids. D-ring aromatised structures of the 8,14-seco-hopanes,including demethylated forms were present in both oils but further demethylation, probably at position C-25 during biodegradation, was only observed in the Pitch Lake oil. Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were absent although the fungal-derived pentacyclic PAH perylene was present in both oils. The presence of the angiosperm biomarker lupane in the Pitch Lake oil constrained the age to the Late Cretaceous. The higher degree of biodegradation observed in the Cuban oil was likely due to relatively slow anaerobic processes whereas oil within Pitch Lake was probably subject to additional more rapid

关键词： Oil seep Biomarker Biodegradation GCxGC Diamondoids Aromatic steroids

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How Central Asian Orogeny Evolves:New Insights from End-Permian to Middle Triassic Magmatic Record along the Solonker Suture Zone

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第5期90卷 1907-1908页

作者： LI Shan CHUNG Sunlin simon A.wilde WANG Tao XIAO Wenjiao GUO Qianqian Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University Institute of Earth Sciences Academia Sinica Department of Applied Geology Curtin University State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Objective The modem Earth is characterized by two types of orogens： collisional orogen and accretionary orogen. It is widely accepted that the Central Asian Orogenic Belt （CAOB） is made up of widespread multiple ancient archipelagos. It has been recognized as a non-collisional orogen, contrasting with the archetypical Alpine- Himalayan-type collisional orogens. Although the CAOB is traditionally compared to subduction-accretion systems that have been well studied, all accretionary orogens ultimately passed into a collisional phase at the end of the orogenic Wilson cycle due to ocean closure and termination of subduction, which will lead to subsequent crustal shortening, thickening and reworking. Therefore, the archipelago-type CAOB may also preserve a terminal collision record, although this is not a classic continental collision at all.

关键词： How Central Asian Orogeny Evolves

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What Happened in the Trans-North China Orogen in the Period 2560-1850 Ma?

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第6期80卷 790-806页

作者： Guochun ZHAO LIU Shuwen Min SUN LI Sanzhong simon wilde Xiaoping XIA Jian ZHANG Yanhong HE Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of Education China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China College of Marine Geosciences Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266003 China Department of Applied Geology Curtin University of Technology Bentley 6102 Western Australia Australia

The Trans-North China Orogen （TNCO） was a Paleoproterozic continent-continent collisional belt along which the Eastern and Western Blocks amalgamated to form a coherent North China Craton （NCC）. Recent geological, structural, geochemical and isotopic data show that the orogen was a continental margin or Japan-type arc along the western margin of the Eastern Block, which was separated from the Western Block by an old ocean, with eastward-directed subduction of the oceanic lithosphere beneath the western margin of the Eastern Block. At 2550-2520 Ma, the deep subduction caused partial melting of the medium-lower crust, producing copious granitoid magma that was intruded into the upper levels of the crust to form granitoid plutons in the low- to medium-grade granite-greeustone terranes. At 2530-2520 Ma, subduction of the oceanic lithosphere caused partial melting of the mantle wedge, which led to underplating of mafic magma in the lower crust and widespread mafic and minor felsic volcanism in the arc, forming part of the greenstone assemblages. Extension driven by widespread mafic to felsic volcanism led to the development of back-arc and/or intra-arc basins in the orogen. At 2520-2475 Ma, the subduction caused further partial melting of the lower crust to form large amounts of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic （TTG） magmatism. At this time following further extension of back-arc basins, episodic granitoid magmatism occurred, resulting in the emplacement of 2360 Ma, -2250 Ma 2110-21760 Ma and -2050 Ma granites in the orogen. Contemporary volcano-sedimentary rocks developed in the back-arc or intra-are basins. At 2150-1920 Ma, the orogen underwent several extensional events, possibly due to subduction of an oceanic ridge, leading to emplacement of mafic dykes that were subsequently metamorphosed to amphibolites and medium- to high-pressure mafic granulites. At 1880-1820 Ma, the ocean between the Eastern and Western Blocks was completely consumed by subduction, and th

关键词： Archean Paleoproterozoic subduction collision Tram-North China Orogen North China Craton

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中国东北～500Ma泛非期孔兹岩带的确定及其意义

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岩石学报 2011年第4期27卷 1235-1245页

作者：周建波张兴洲 simon a wilde 郑常青吉林大学地球科学学院长春130061 Department of Applied Geology Curtin University of Technology

东北地区的变质基底,如佳木斯地块的麻山群、兴安地块的兴华渡口群等岩石组合是以(含石墨)大理岩、夕线石榴片麻岩、斜长角闪岩等为主要标志的孔兹岩系。在额尔古纳、兴安和佳木斯-兴凯地块的夕线石榴片麻岩分别得到锆石U-Pb年龄,证明... 详细信息

东北地区的变质基底,如佳木斯地块的麻山群、兴安地块的兴华渡口群等岩石组合是以(含石墨)大理岩、夕线石榴片麻岩、斜长角闪岩等为主要标志的孔兹岩系。在额尔古纳、兴安和佳木斯-兴凯地块的夕线石榴片麻岩分别得到锆石U-Pb年龄,证明这些高级变质岩的原岩年龄以新元古代(600～850Ma)为主,变质年龄为～500Ma,因此东北地区的变质基底记录了从Rodinia到Gondwana大陆的聚合与离散的过程。泛非期高级变质岩及其同期岩浆岩在额尔古纳、兴安、松辽、佳木斯和兴凯地块等断续分布,总体出露范围>1300km,并沿虎头、鸡西、萝北、兴华渡口和漠河一线总体北西向沿黑龙江断续分布,因此我们命名为"中国东北泛非期孔兹岩带"。"中国东北泛非期孔兹岩带"的提出和进一步研究,对深入探讨东北地区各地块基底组成的异同性以及陆块聚合的过程,以及东北地区的构造演化历史及其在Gondwana大陆重建中的位置都具有重要的科学意义。

关键词：孔兹岩带泛非期原岩年龄变质年龄高级变质岩中国东北

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Revisiting Rhenium-Osmium Isotopic Investigations of Petroleum Systems: From Geochemical Behaviours to Geological Interpretations

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第5期32卷 1226-1249页

作者： Shao-Jie Li Xuan-Ce Wang simon A.wilde Zhuyin Chu Chaofeng Li Sheng He Keyu Liu Xingzhi Ma Yuxiang Zhang School of Earth Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China The School of Earth Science and Resources Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems and The Institute for Geoscience Research Department of Applied GeologyCurtin UniversityPerth 6845Australia State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources Ministry of EducationChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Huadong)Qingdao 266555China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China Australise Resources and Environment Solutions Wattle GrovePerth 6107Australia

Recent decades have witnessed an increasing number of studies investigating petroleum systems with the application of rhenium-osmium(Re-Os) isotopic geochemistry. Here, we review the use of the 187 Re-187 Os geochronometer with respect to the geochemical behaviour of rhenium and osmium in hydrocarbon-related geological processes. The Re-Os budget in hydrocarbon source rock predominantly originates from natural water columns during its deposition. Open seawater tends to have a homogeneous Os isotopic composition because its residence time in seawater is longer than the time taken for ocean mixing. On the contrary, restricted water bodies(e.g., lakes) may have heterogeneous Os isotopic compositions due to the greater amount of terrigenous input. Hydrogenous Re and Os atoms are sequestered from the water body into sedimentary organic matter and transferred into crude oil through thermal maturation of organic matter. Thermal maturation likely does not significantly alter the Re-Os isotopic systematics of the source rock as a Re-Os isochron age of 442±21 Ma(2σ) is yielded in this study for over matured source rocks within the Silurian Longmaxi Formation from the Sichuan Basin. Re-Os atoms are mainly hosted by the highly polar/aggregating/aromatic asphaltenes in hydrocarbons, possibly chelating with organic complexes or occurring as metalloporphyrins. Resin and aromatic hydrocarbons also contribute to the Re-Os budget, but are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of asphaltenes, whereas saturates do not contain appreciable Re-Os contents. The distribution of Re-Os atoms in hydrocarbons is heterogeneous because the duplicate analysis of pure single bitumen samples yields similar ^(187)Os/^(188)Os ratios whereas variable ^(187)Re/^(188)Os ratios. The Re-Os system in crude oils can be reset during transport away from the source rocks, with Os-rich organic fractions more readily expelled than Re-rich fractions. Contact with metal-rich fluids(e.g., hydrothermal fluid) or

关键词： Re-Os isotope system petroleum system investigation geochemical behaviour of Re and Os in petroleum system

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Source Enrichment Control on the Scale of Magmatic-Hydrothermal W-Sn Mineralization:Insights from Triassic and Jurassic Magma Reservoirs in the Continental Crust,Xitian,South China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 132-149页

作者： GUO Chunli simon Awilde Coralie SIEGEL CHEN Zhenyu WU Shichong MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China SinoProbe Laboratory Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin UniversityPerth 6845Australia Discovery Program Mineral ResourcesCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationAustralian Resources Research CentrePerth 6151Australia No.416 Geological Group Hunan Bureau of Mineral Exploration and DevelopmentZhuzhouHunan 412007China

There are two factors,source composition and magmatic differentiation,potentially controlling W-Sn *** one is more important is widely debated and may need to be determined for each individual *** Xitian granite batholith located in South China is a natural laboratory for investigating the above *** consists essentially of two separate components,formed in the Triassic at ca.226 Ma and Jurassic at ca.152 Ma,*** Triassic and Jurassic rocks are both composed of porphyritic and fine-grained *** latter resulted from highlydifferentiated porphyritic ones but they have similar textural characteristics and mineral assemblages,indicating that they reached a similar degree of crystal *** both fine-grained phases are highly differentiated with elevated rare metal contents,economic W–Sn mineralization is rare in the Triassic granitoids and this can be attributed to less fertile source materials than their Jurassic counterparts,with a slightly more enriched isotopic signature and whole-rockεNd(226 Ma)of−10.4 to−9.2(2σ=0.2)compared withεNd(152 Ma)of−9.2 to−8.2(2σ=0.2)for the Jurassic *** initial W-Sn enrichment was derived from the metasedimentary rocks and strongly enhanced by reworking of the continental crust,culminating in the Jurassic.

关键词： W-Sn mineralization magma reservoir geometry crystal fractionation Xitian Triassic-Jurassic granitic batholith Nanling Range South China

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Late Permian to Early Triassic mafic to felsic intrusive rocks from North Liaoning,North China:Petrogenesis and implications for Phanerozoic continental crustal growth

Late Permian to Early Triassic mafic to felsic intrusive roc...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2010年度)学术年会

作者： simon a wilde Department of Applied Geology Curtin University of TechnologyPerthWAAustralia

Zircon U-Pb dating,whole-rock major oxide,trace element and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data are presented for the Late Permian to Early Triassic Shijianfang batholith from Faku in North Liaoning Province,North *** main magmatic suites are documented:one,with an emplacement age of ca.260 Ma,is mafic to intermediate in composition,forming small gabbroic to monzonitic intrusions;the other is felsic and quartz monzonitic to granitic in composition,with an emplacement age of ca.250 ***,the rocks from the mafic suite show strong enrichment of LILE and LREE and depletion in HFSE,and also have moderately depleted isotopic compositions,with Iranging from 0.7049 to 0.7054,ε(t)from +2.72 to -1.82 and zirconε(t)values from +3.4 to +*** features suggest derivation from high degree partial melting of a subduction-related metasomatized lithospheric mantle *** rocks from the felsic suite range from 66.7 to 77.2 wt.%SiO,and define a continuous chemical evolutionary trend,from less-differentiated low-silica members displaying LREE enriched patterns,no Eu anomalies and high Ba,Sr,Zr and Hf,to more-differentiated,high-silica members with higher alkalis,strong depletion in Ba,Sr and Ti, enrichment in HFSE,fractionated REE patterns and strong negative Eu ***,they exhibit indistinguishable isotopic compositions from the mafic rocks,with Iranging from 0.7043 to 0.7062,ε(t) from + 2.28 to-0.55 and zirconε(t)values from + 3.6 to + *** suggests that the parental magma for the felsic suite originated from partial melting of mixed protoliths composed of juvenile basaltic underplate and ancient lower crustal *** fractional crystallization,with overprinting by magmatic hydrothermal fluids,can explain the geochemical variations of the felsic suite. The juvenile character of both lithospheric mantle and crustal rocks,as recorded by the Shijianfang batholith, suggests that the northern Liaoning block forms part of a Phanerozoic accretionary

关键词： Late Permian-Early Triassic Mafic and felsic intrusive rocks Geochemistry Petrogenesis Continental growth North China Craton

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山西五台山-恒山地区晚太古-早元古代若干关键地质问题的再认识:单颗粒锆石离子探针质谱年龄提出的地质制约

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地质科学 2000年第2期35卷 175-184页

作者：王凯怡郝杰 simon wilde Peter Cawood 中国科学院地质研究所岩石圈构造演化开放研究实验室北京100029 School of Applied Geology Curtin University of Technology

大量准确度很高的单颗粒锆石迅谱 (SHRIMP)年代学数据表明 ,五台山 -恒山绿岩带形成于 2 50 0 Ma之前 ,五台山 -恒山绿岩带形成后即与较老的阜平块体拼合。因此 ,该过程中有大量火山 ,深成活动及变质作用 ,是一次重要的造山运动。在 1 8... 详细信息

大量准确度很高的单颗粒锆石迅谱 (SHRIMP)年代学数据表明 ,五台山 -恒山绿岩带形成于 2 50 0 Ma之前 ,五台山 -恒山绿岩带形成后即与较老的阜平块体拼合。因此 ,该过程中有大量火山 ,深成活动及变质作用 ,是一次重要的造山运动。在 1 80 0 Ma之前 ,本区还经历了一次明显的构造热事件 ,主要表现为在地壳较深水平上大规模的冲断作用 ,使原来为不同地壳水平的块体处于同一地壳水平。本文还对原五台群下部层位板峪口组和金岗库组的归属及铁堡不整合面提出了新的看法。

关键词：晚太古代早元古代单颗粒锆石地质年龄

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山西五台地区大洼梁花岗岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb精确年龄

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岩石矿物学杂志 2002年第4期21卷 407-411,420页

作者：王凯怡 simon wilde 中国科学院地质及地球物理研究所北京100029 西澳大利亚Curtin技术大学应用地质系

通过对五台地区大洼梁花岗岩锆石的SHRIMP分析,确定该岩体的形成年龄为 2 176Ma,并受到 2 10 7Ma热事件的影响。

关键词：花岗岩 SHRIMP锆石年龄山西五台地区

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REE Daughter Minerals Trapped in Fluid Inclusions in the Giant Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe Deposit,Inner Mongolia,China

REE Daughter Minerals Trapped in Fluid Inclusions in the Gia...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2004学术年会

作者： simon A.wilde School of Applied Geology Curtin University of TechnologyGPO Box U 1987Perth 6001Australia

The Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit hosts the world’s largest known REE *** deposit consists of replacement bodies hosted in dolomite marble and of magnetite,REE fluorocarbonates, fluorite aegirine,amphibole,calcite,and *** types of fluid inclusions have been recognized: two-phase aqueous liquid-vapor(L-V),two-to three-phase CO(C),and three-phase liquid-vapor-solid (L-V-S) *** measurements indicate that the carbonic phase in C inclusions is nearly pure *** heating experiments,hexagonal or irregular-shaped daughter minerals in L-V-S inclusions complete dissolution at temperatures of 420 480℃and recrystallize again at about 400 320℃.These show that daughter minerals in multiphase inclusions in mineralizing veins were crystallized from trapped fluids,and are real daughter ***-carbonates,halite,sylvite,barite, calcite,and pyroxene(?) have been identified on the basis of crystal habit(microscopic and SEM) and EDX *** comparison with Raman spectra of reference REE-carbonate mineral crystals,hexagonal or irregular-shaped daughter minerals in L-V-S inclusions might be cebaite and ***. presence of REE-carbonates as an abundant solid in the ore-forming veins shows that the original ore-forming fluids were very rich in REE,and therefore had the potential to produce economic REE ores at Bayan Obo.

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