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Using eye movements in the dot-probe paradigm to investigate attention bias in illness anxiety disorder

World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第3期11卷 73-86页

作者： Yan-Bo Zhang Peng-Chong Wang Yun Ma Xiang-Yun Yang Fan-Qiang Meng simon a broadley Jing Sun Zhan-Jiang Li The Department of Clinical Psychology and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing An’Ding HospitalCapital Medical Universityand Center of SchizophreniaBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing 100089China Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100089China Psychology Department Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100089China Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine Griffith UniversityGold Coast 4222QueenslandAustralia

BACKGROUND Illness anxiety disorder(IAD)is a common,distressing,and debilitating condition with the key feature being a persistent conviction of the possibility of having one or more serious or progressive physical *** eye movements are guided by visual-spatial attention,eye-tracking technology is a comparatively direct,continuous measure of attention direction and speed when stimuli are *** have tried to identify selective visual attention biases by tracking eye movements within dot-probe paradigms because dot-probe paradigm can distinguish these attentional biases more *** To examine the association between IAD and biased processing of illness-related *** A case-control study design was used to record eye movements of individuals with IAD and healthy controls while participants viewed a set of pictures from four categories(illness-related,socially threatening,positive,and neutral images).Biases in initial orienting were assessed from the location of the initial shift in gaze,and biases in the maintenance of attention were assessed from the duration of gaze that was initially fixated on the picture per image *** The eye movement of the participants in the IAD group was characterized by an avoidance bias in initial orienting to illness-related *** was no evidence of individuals with IAD spending significantly more time viewing illness-related images compared with other *** with IAD had an attention bias at the early stage and overall attentional *** addition,this study found that patients with significant anxiety symptoms showed attention bias in the late stages of attention *** Illness-related information processing biases appear to be a robust feature of IAD and may have an important role in explaining the etiology and maintenance of the disorder.

关键词： Attention bias Selective attention Eye tracking Dot-probe Illness anxiety disorder Disengagement

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A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2015年第10期6卷 769-783页

作者： Naomi Wong Thao Nguyen Ekua Weba Brenu simon broadley Donald Staines Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases Griffith Health Centre School of Medical Science Griffith University Gold Coast Australia School of Medicine Gold Coast Campus Griffith University Gold Coast Australia Department of Neurology Gold Coast University Hospital Gold Coast Australia

Background: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), is a debilitating condition that presents with a range of symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, muscular and joint pain, and may be immune-mediated. In particular, patients exhibit abnormal cytokine expression. Similarly, in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), patients display neuroimmunological symptoms, and abnormal cytokine expression, with some overlap in symptomology with CFS/ME. The purpose of this study was to compare Th1, Th2, Th17 cytokines, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in healthy controls, CFS/ME and MS patients. Methods: Serum samples were collected from healthy controls (n = 16, mean age = 50 ± 11.85 years), CFS/ME patients (n = 16, mean age = 49.88 ± 9.54 years) and MS patients (n = 11, mean age = 52.75 ± 12.81 years). The concentrations of 27 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-2, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-5, IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, eotaxin, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP1α, MIP1β, PDGF-bb, RANTES, basic FGF, GCSF, GMCSF, VEGF and IL-15) were measured using a Bio-Plex Pro™ kit. Results: IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5 were significantly higher in the serum of both CFS/ME and MS patients compared to the healthy controls (p ≤ 0.041). However, only the MS patients had significantly elevated levels of IL-12, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-7, IL-9, eotaxin, IL-10, MIP1α, basic FGF, GCSF and VEGF compared to the CFS/ME patients and controls (p ≤ 0.04). There were no significant differences between groups for IL-8, MCP-1, MIP1β, RANTES, GMCSF, TNF-α, and IL-2. Conclusion: CFS/ME and MS patients both displayed abnormal cytokine levels, with dual expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Further research into cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5, with the use of a specific CFS/ME case definition and sensitive cytokine assays, is required to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of CFS/ME.

关键词： Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Multiple Sclerosis Immunology Cytokine

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Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 and Intracellular Calcium in Natural Killer Cells in Multiple Sclerosis

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2018年第7期9卷 541-565页

作者： Laura Clarke simon L. broadley Thao Nguyen Samantha Johnston Natalie Eaton Donald Staines Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik School of Medicine Griffith University Gold Coast Australia Department of Neurology Gold Coast University Hospital Gold Coast Australia The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases Menzies Health Institute Griffith University Gold Coast Australia School of Medical Science Griffith University Brisbane Australia

Background: Natural killer (NK) cell phenotypes have reported to be implicated in the pathomechanism of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Several investigators have observed reduced peripheral numbers, reduced cytotoxic activity, and altered CD56Dim and CD56Bright NK cell phenotypes. This current project, for the first time, investigates the NK cell cytotoxicity, calcium mobilisation and transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) surface expression. Methods: NK cell cytotoxic activity and calcium signaling were examined in CD56Dim and CD56Bright NK cells before and after stimulation using Ionomycin, Pregnenolone sulphate, 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and Thapsigargin. Purified NK cells were labelled with antibodies to determine TRPM3, CD69 and CD107a surface expression using flow cytometry. Results: Twenty-two MS patients and 22 healthy controls were recruited for this project. Twelve of the 22 previously received Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada®) and the remaining ten reported nil medication. We report TRPM3 was significantly increased in untreated MS patients compared with healthy controls and treated MS patients (p-value 0.034). There was a significant decrease in CD69 surface expression on CD56Dim NK cell phenotype for untreated MS patients (p-value 0.031) and treated MS patients (p-value 0.036). We report altered calcium mobilisation in CD56Bright NK cells and to a lesser extent CD56Dim NK cells between healthy controls, treated and untreated MS patients. Conclusion: This investigation suggests variations in TRPM3 expression and calcium mobilisation of NK cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of MS. Further investigation is required to determine the mechanism by which alemtuzumab alters calcium signaling in NK cells.

关键词： Natural Killer Cells Multiple Sclerosis Calcium Signalling Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 Ion Channels

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A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine（临床医学国际期刊） 2015年第10期

作者： Naomi Wong Thao Nguyen Ekua Weba Brenu simon broadley Donald Staines Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases Griffith Health Centre School of Medical Science Griffith University School of Medicine Gold Coast Campus Griffith University Department of Neurology Gold Coast University Hospital

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