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Not in Control,but Liable?Attributing Human Responsibility for Fully Automated Vehicle Accidents

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 121-132页

作者： siming Zhai Lin wang Peng Liu Center for Psychological Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310063China Department of Library and Information Science Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea

Human agency has become increasingly limited in complex systems with increasingly automated decision-making *** instance,human occupants are passengers and do not have direct vehicle control in fully automated cars(i.e.,driverless cars).An interesting question is whether users are responsible for the accidents of these *** ethical and legal analyses frequently argue that individuals should not bear responsibility for harm beyond their ***,we consider human judgment of responsibility for accidents involving fully automated cars through three studies with seven experiments(N=2668).We compared the responsibility attributed to the occupants in three conditions:an owner in his private fully automated car,a passenger in a driverless robotaxi,and a passenger in a conventional taxi,where none of these three occupants have direct vehicle control over the involved vehicles that cause identical pedestrian *** contrast to normative analyses,we show that the occupants of driverless cars(private cars and robotaxis)are attributed more responsibility than conventional taxi *** dilemma is robust across different contexts(e.g.,participants from China vs the Republic of Korea,participants with first-vs third-person perspectives,and occupant presence vs absence).Furthermore,we observe that this is not due to the perception that these occupants have greater control over driving but because they are more expected to foresee the potential consequences of using driverless *** findings suggest that when driverless vehicles(private cars and taxis)cause harm,their users may face more social pressure,which public discourse and legal regulations should manage appropriately.

关键词： Fully automated vehicle accidents Responsibility attribution Controllability Foreseeability

Exceptional mechanical performance and macroscale superlubricity enabled by core-shell-like MoS_(2)/B_(4)C film

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2018-2030页

作者： REN siming GAO ZhenRong FAN Xin wang HaiXin wang LiPing Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China

Molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)) films are widely deployed in industrial applications owing to their inherent interlayer slip characteristics, offering energy consumption savings and prolonged mechanical part performance. Nevertheless, their practical utility is limited by environmental constraints and the limitations of preparation techniques, which hinder the attainment of robust superlubricity(friction coefficient < 0.01). Herein, through magnetron sputtering technology, we synthesize a core-shell-like nanocomposite composed of MoS_(2)nanosheets encapsulating B_(4)C. The core-shell-like structure enables the resulting films to preferentially grow crystalline MoS_(2), providing them with outstanding mechanical properties and efficient lubrication over a wide range of temperatures. Remarkably, such film achieves robust macroscale superlubricity and an ultralow wear rate(1.7 ×10^(-8)mm^(3)N-1m^(-1)) under high contact stress in a mild vacuum environment. This noteworthy outcome is primarily attributable to the self-segmentation of the macroscale contact interface during the friction process, involving:(1) a large amount of wear debris is embedded into the wear track to create extensive micro-sized asperities;(2) a nanolayer of amorphous carbon enriched with oxide nanoparticles is formed on the uppermost part of these asperities;(3) numerous incommensurate nanocontacts comprising nanoparticles and highly oriented MoS_(2)nanosheets are established, culminating in the achievement of robust superlubricity. Our pioneering design, coupled with the elucidation of the underlying superlubricity mechanism, holds significant promise for advancing the development of robust and high-performance lubricants.

关键词： MoS_(2)/B_(4)C nanocomposites core-shell-like structure H/E ratio high-temperature friction macroscale superlubricity

整合医学模式下高原特勤人员高尿酸血症的防治效果

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武警医学 2024年第5期35卷 405-409页

作者：张利祥胡亚楠张伟强陈雷刘杰王思明李中华武警烟台特勤疗养中心健康管理科联勤保障部队北戴河康复疗养中心疗养九科武警烟台特勤疗养中心海勤一科武警烟台特勤疗养中心中医理疗科联勤保障部队第970医院内分泌科

目的探讨整合医学模式下高原特勤人员高尿酸血症的防治效果。方法选取2020-01至2021-12武警烟台特勤疗养中心收治129例高尿酸血症的高原特勤人员为研究对象，按照2∶1的比例，随机分为试验组86例，对照组43例。试验组采用基于整合医... 详细信息

目的探讨整合医学模式下高原特勤人员高尿酸血症的防治效果。方法选取2020-01至2021-12武警烟台特勤疗养中心收治129例高尿酸血症的高原特勤人员为研究对象，按照2∶1的比例，随机分为试验组86例，对照组43例。试验组采用基于整合医学理论的多学科联合开展健康评估、健康教育、健康促进和健康监测的个性化管理，对照组采用常规健康管理手段干预。干预时间均为12个月，比较两组干预后的血尿酸、血脂，肾功能、痛风发作等相关指标变化。结果干预12个月后，试验组失访8例，对照组失访11例。试验组和对照组干预方案执行率分别为83.33%（78例）和81.25%（32例）。干预后两组血尿酸水平较前均明显下降（P<0.01）,且试验组血尿酸水平低于对照组[（425.07±14.21）μmol/L vs.（474.26±25.56）μmol/L,t=-12.86,P=0.000]。干预后试验组18例（23.08%）和对照组6例（18.75%）彻底停用降尿酸药物。试验组干预后关节痛风石数量，痛风发作例数（15.38%vs. 34.38%,χ2=4.948）、频次和程度、脂肪肝检出率（17.95%vs. 56.25%,χ2=14.088）,均低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论基于整合医学的健康管理模式显著降低高原特勤人员的血尿酸水平，降低痛风发生频次和程度，明显提升健康知识及健康行为水平。

关键词：整合医学健康管理高尿酸血症高原人员痛风

Protective effect of retaining wall on rock avalanche:A case study of Nayong rock avalanche in China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1215-1230页

作者： wang Zhongfu SHI Fengge HE siming ZHANG Xusheng wang Jingying LIU Enlong North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou 450046China Hunan Provincial key Laboratory of key Technology on Hydropower Development Changsha 410014China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China College of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Rock avalanches are generally difficult to prevent and control due to their high velocities and the extensive destruction they ***,barrier structures constructed along the path of a rock avalanche can partially mitigate the magnitudes and consequences of such catastrophic *** selected a rock avalanche in Nayong County,Guizhou Province,China as a case to study the effect of the location and height of a retaining wall on the dynamic characteristics of rock avalanche by using both actual terrain-based laboratory-model tests and coupled PFC3D-FLAC3D numerical *** findings demonstrate that a retaining wall can largely block a rock avalanche and its protective efficacy is significantly influenced by the integrity of the retaining *** numerical simulation can serve as a powerful tool for analyzing the interaction between a rock avalanche and a retaining wall,facilitating precise observations of its deformation and *** impact-curve characteristics of the retaining wall depend upon whether or not the rock avalanche-induced destruction is taken into *** location of the retaining wall exerts a greater influence on the outcome compared to the height and materials of the retaining wall,while implementing a stepped retaining-wall pattern in accordance with the terrain demonstrates optimal efficacy in controlling rock avalanche.

关键词： Rock avalanche Laboratory model test Retaining wall PFC^(3D) FLAC^(3D) Impact force

吲哚羧酸类Dy(Ⅲ)配合物与DNA作用机制研究

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石油化工应用 2024年第1期43卷 105-107,121页

作者：罗思雨朱小双何秋蓉王思茗李冰宁夏大学化学化工学院宁夏银川750021

以7-氮杂吲哚-3-羧酸(7AI_(3)CAH_(2))为配体构筑了一例新型稀土Dy(Ⅲ)配合物[Dy(7AI_(3)CAH)_(2)(NO_(3))(H_(2)O)_(2)],利用元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析等对其进行结构表征。黏度法和荧光光谱表明该配合物与小牛胸腺DNA(CT-DNA)间... 详细信息

以7-氮杂吲哚-3-羧酸(7AI_(3)CAH_(2))为配体构筑了一例新型稀土Dy(Ⅲ)配合物[Dy(7AI_(3)CAH)_(2)(NO_(3))(H_(2)O)_(2)],利用元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析等对其进行结构表征。黏度法和荧光光谱表明该配合物与小牛胸腺DNA(CT-DNA)间结合模式为嵌插结合,配合物与CT-DNA表现出良好结合作用。

关键词：配合物 7-氮杂吲哚-3-羧酸小牛胸腺DNA

Novel self-assembled porous yolk-shell NiO nanospheres with excellent electrochromic performance for smart windows

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 72-80页

作者： Baoshun wang Ya Huang siming Zhao Run Li Di Gao Hairong Jiang Rufan Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

With the rapid development of optoelectronics,electrochromic(EC)materials(ECMs)with the advan-tages of low power consumption,easy viewing,high contrast ratio,etc have attached more and more attention from the fields of smart windows,electronic billboards,emerging wearable and portable electronics,and other next-generation *** oxide(NiO)is a promising candidate for high-performance ECMs because of its neutral-colored states and low ***,NiO-based ECMs still face the problem of slow switching speed due to their low electrical conductivity and small lattice ***-organic frameworks(MOFs)are promising candidates to fabricate hollow and porous transition metal oxides(TMOs)with high ion transport efficiency,excellent specific capacitance,and electrochemical *** this work,porous yolk-shell NiO nanospheres(PYS-NiO NSs)were syn-thesized via a solvothermal and subsequent calcination process of Ni-MOF,which exhibited outstanding EC *** the large specific surface areas and hollow porous nanostructures were conducive to ionic transport,PYS-NiO NSs exhibited a fast coloring/bleaching speed(3.6/3.9 s per one coloring/bleaching cycle)and excellent cycling stability(82%of capacity retention after 3000 cycles).These superior EC properties indicated that the PYS-NiO NSs was a promising candidate for high-performance EC *** work provides a new and feasible strategy for the efficient preparation of TMOs ECMs with good EC performance,especially fast switching speed.

关键词： Electrochromic Nickel oxide Metal-organic frameworks Hollow structure Smart windows

Exceptional mechanical performance and macroscale superlubricity enabled by core-shell-like MoS/BC film

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年

作者： REN siming GAO ZhenRong FAN Xin wang HaiXin wang LiPing Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) films are widely deployed in industrial applications owing to their inherent interlayer slip characteristics,offering energy consumption savings and prolonged mechanical part ***,their practical utility is limited by environmental constraints and the limitations of preparation techniques,which hinder the attainment of robust superlubricity (friction coefficient<0.01).Herein,through magnetron sputtering technology,we synthesize a core-shelllike nanocomposite composed of MoS2nanosheets encapsulating *** core-shell-like structure enables the resulting films to preferentially grow crystalline MoS2,providing them with outstanding mechanical properties and efficient lubrication over a wide range of ***,such film achieves robust macroscale superlubricity and an ultralow wear rate (1.7×10-8mm3N-1m-1) under high contact stress in a mild vacuum *** noteworthy outcome is primarily attributable to the self-segmentation of the macroscale contact interface during the friction process,involving:(1) a large amount of wear debris is embedded into the wear track to create extensive micro-sized asperities;(2) a nanolayer of amorphous carbon enriched with oxide nanoparticles is formed on the uppermost part of these asperities;(3) numerous incommensurate nanocontacts comprising nanoparticles and highly oriented MoS2nanosheets are established,culminating in the achievement of robust *** pioneering design,coupled with the elucidation of the underlying superlubricity mechanism,holds significant promise for advancing the development of robust and high-performance lubricants.

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Effects of Ginseng Protein on Gut Microbiota and BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer s Disease Mice

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Medicinal Plant 2023年第4期14卷 65-68,79页

作者： Hongyan LI Yang CAO Chang LI siming wang Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dalian 116600China Dalian Huaxin Physicochemical Testing Center Co. Ltd.Dalian 116600China Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 130117China

[Objectives] To investigate the effects of ginseng protein on gut microbiota and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in Alzheimer s disease (AD) mice. [Methods] D-galactose/AlCl 3 co-induction was used to establish AD model, and mice were randomly divided into normal group 1, normal group 2, model group 1, model group 2, ginseng protein group, and microbiota transplantation group. Morris water maze experiment was used to evaluate learning and memory ability, and Western blot method was used to detect the expression of APP, p-Tau, BDNF, TrkB, p-TrkB proteins in brain tissue, and 16S rDNA was used to detect diversity of fecal microbiota. [Results] Ginseng protein and microbiota transplantation can shorten the escape latency of mice ( P <0.05), increase the number of crossing platforms ( P <0.05), reduce the expression of APP and p-Tau proteins in brain tissue ( P <0.05, P <0.01), increase the expression of BDNF, p-TrkB, p-TrkB/TrkB proteins ( P <0.05, P <0.01), and reduce the abundance of Alloprevotella, Ruminococcaceae _UCG-014, Prevotellaceae _UCG-001, and Ruminococcus _1 ( P <0.05, P <0.01). [Conclusions] The action mechanism of ginseng protein anti AD may be through regulating gut microbiota diversity and activating the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway.

关键词： Ginseng protein AD Gut microbiota BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway 16S rDNA

肝癌切除术序贯腹腔热灌注化疗在肝癌自发性破裂出血中的临床应用

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中国普通外科杂志 2023年第7期32卷 1014-1022页

作者：王峻刘洪王四明云南省玉溪市人民医院肝胆外科云南玉溪653100 四川省达州市中心医院肝胆外科四川达州635000

背景与目的:肝癌自发性破裂出血(SRHCC)是肝癌严重并发症之一。针对SRHCC治疗,首选简单有效的方法快速止血,然后在全身及局部状况允许的情况下进一步治疗,以期挽救患者生命及延长患者生存。本研究探讨肝癌切除序贯腹腔热灌注化疗(HIPEC)... 详细信息

背景与目的:肝癌自发性破裂出血(SRHCC)是肝癌严重并发症之一。针对SRHCC治疗,首选简单有效的方法快速止血,然后在全身及局部状况允许的情况下进一步治疗,以期挽救患者生命及延长患者生存。本研究探讨肝癌切除序贯腹腔热灌注化疗(HIPEC)在SRHCC中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析玉溪市人民医院肝胆外科2013年5月1日—2021年12月1日期间收治的102例SRHCC患者的临床资料。其中48例行肝切除术序贯HIPEC治疗(观察组),54例行单纯肝切除术治疗(对照组)。比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:两组患者术前一般资料、主要手术指标、术后病理、住院时间、腹腔引流管术后留置时间、Clavien-Dindo 2级以上并发症发生率和围手术期病死率、复发后再手术率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。观察组住院总费用、术后累积无瘤生存率及总生存率均高于对照组(均P<0.05),但腹膜种植转移发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:肝切除序贯HIPEC能降低SRHCC术后腹膜种植转移率,改善术后无瘤生存率及累积总生存率,是一种安全有效治疗方式,具有重要临床应用价值,但具有费用较高的缺点。

关键词：肝肿瘤破裂,自发性出血肝切除术腹腔热灌注化疗