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Evaluation of the Effect of Different Leaching Fractions on Soil Salinity

Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2022年第4期11卷 116-133页

作者： Mapenda Ndiaye Lamine Diop Aminata Sarr Yaye Deffa Wane Ibrahima Diatta sidy mouhamed seck Interdisciplinary Research Group in Support of Regional Planning and Local Development Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Faculty of Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technology Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Laboratory of Biological Agronomic and Food Sciences and Modelling of Complex Systems (LABAAM) Saint-Louis Senegal

Soil salinisation is one of the main problems in agriculture. To overcome this problem, different methods of managing saline soils are used, including the practice of leaching under irrigation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of different leaching fractions on saline soils in the Nguetiouro lowland in Gandiolais, in Senegal. For this purpose, a completely randomized block set-up has been implemented with three treatments, repeated three times: 1) T0 equivalent to a water volume input equal to the daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo), 2) T1 equivalent to a water volume input equal to the daily reference evapotranspiration plus 10% ETo of leaching and 3) T2 equivalent to a water volume input equal to the daily reference evapotranspiration of the medium plus 20% ETo of leaching. The results showed that leaching has an effect on soil salinity. The initial soil salt storage was reduced by 22.5%, 33.5%, and 50.6% in the first soil horizon, from 0 to 10 cm and by 14%, 35.3%, and 45% at depth from 10 to 30 cm for T0, T1, and T2, respectively. The fitting of simple linear regression models between electrical conductivity and soil moisture showed a negative linear relationship as a function of leaching fractions. The coefficients of determination of model are 0.74 for T0, 0.84 for T1 and 0.86 for T2 in the first soil horizon and 0.63 for T0, 0.83 for T1 and 0.88 for T2 in the depth form 10 to 30 cm. These results can be of great importance in the fight against soil salinity.

关键词： Leaching Salinity Evapotranspiration Gandiolais Senegal

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Technical and Economic Feasibility of Solar Pump Irrigation in the North-Niayes Region in Senegal

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Engineering（科研） 2021年第7期13卷 399-419页

作者： Aminata Sarr Lamine Diop Ibrahima Diatta Yaye Deffa Wane Ansouma Bodian sidy mouhamed seck Nicola Lamaddalena Luciano Mateos Faculty of Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technology Gaston Berger University Sain Louis Senegal Irrigated Agriculture Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM BARI) Bari Italy Interdisciplinary Research Group in Support of Regional Planning and Local Development Gaston Berger University Sain Louis Senegal Faculty of Arts and Humanities Gaston Berger University Sain Louis Senegal Institute for Sustainable Agriculture CSIC Córdoba Spain

Northern Niayes is an area where agriculture is the main activity. Water used for irrigation in this area comes exclusively from groundwater. Farmers do not have access to electricity, thus fuel is the main source of energy used, which is very expensive. The objective of this study was to assess the techno-economic feasibility of solar irrigation pumps. Regarding technical feasibility, pump sizing was carried out on the basis of irrigation management, irrigation techniques, and water distribution. Also, the economic feasibility was studied on the basis of the Net Present Value, Benefit-Cost Ratio, Internal Rate of Return and Payback Period. Results showed for cultivated area ranging from 0.05 ha to 1.91 ha, pumps’ flow rate does not vary greatly from one irrigation technique to another. It varies between 2.5 m3/h and 31 m3/h. However, pressure and power are higher when using drip and sprinkler irrigation techniques, ranging from 27.8 m to 39.9 m for drip and 40.1 m to 58.5 m for sprinkler irrigation. The power varies between 0.05 kW and 1.6 kW for manual, between 0.05 kW and 2.5 kW for drip and between 0.1 kW and 4.75 kW for sprinkler irrigation. The investment cost is variable (669 euros to 21,400 euros), depending on the cultivated area, pump brands and characteristics, and irrigation techniques. Results show that the investment cost ranges from 669 euros (438,500 CFA) to 4090 euros (2,683,000 CFA) when using the manual irrigation technique, from 1281 euros to 20,600 euros when using the drip irrigation technique and from 819 euros to 21,403 eu

关键词： Irrigation Solar Feasibility Techno-Economic Niayes

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Baseline of the Use of Solar Irrigation Pump in the Niayes Area in Senegal

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Natural Resources 2021年第5期12卷 125-146页

作者： Aminata Sarr Lamine Diop Ibrahima Diatta Yaye Deffa Wane Ansouma Bodian sidy mouhamed seck Luciano Mateos Nicola Lamaddalena Faculty of Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technology Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Irrigated Agriculture Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM BARI) Bari Italy Interdisciplinary Research Group in Support of Regional Planning and Local Development Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Faculty of Arts and Humanities Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Institute for Sustainable Agriculture CSIC Córdoba Spain

Solar irrigation pumps are considered as an alternative to the use of diesel and electric pumps due to the high cost of energy. These pumps are now increasingly used in the Niayes area. Thus, a more in-depth knowledge about the components of a solar pumping system and their characteristics available on the market as well as prices can be beneficial. This study was conducted to have an idea on the baseline of the use of solar irrigation pumps in this area. To perform this study, surveys were conducted among 12 suppliers and 10 service providers located in Dakar, Thies, Louga and Saint-Louis region and among 53 users located in Potou area which is in Louga region. Results show a wide range of pump brands and characteristics. Brands found were Lorentz, LIKOU, SHIMGE, Grundfos, Solar pump, Feili, Difful, JUQIANG, Solar tech, and Asaman. The pumps’ flow rate varies between 2.5 m3/h and 45 m3/h, the pressure ranges from 15 m to 160 m and the power is between 0.072 kW and 10 kW. The price of these pumps varies depending on the brand used and their characteristics. In addition, other materials are available, such as panels with power ranging from 80 W to 330 W and electric cables. The price of these components varies according on the type used. Thus, the investment cost for implementation varies between 640 euros (420,000 CFA) and 25,087 euros (16,455,919 CFA). The cost of installation varies between 76.3 euros (50,000 CFA) and 1219.6 euros (800,000 CFA). Concerning maintenance, it is generally free during the warranty period when the equipment is supplied and installed by the same company. However, the cost of maintenance varies between 152.5 euros and 457.4 euros/year or is estimated at 45.7 euro/maintenance after the warranty years. Investigations conducted among users show that farmers in general do not perform pump maintenance due to a lack of knowledge and financial means. Thus, according to farmers, factors that impact pumps operation are the lo

关键词： Solar Pumping System Irrigation Suppliers Service Providers Users Niayes Area

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A Cross-Sectional Survey on Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors in the Senegalese Army

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Health 2016年第14期8卷 1529-1541页

作者： Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye Alioune Badara Tall Boubacar Gueye Ibrahima Soce Fall sidy mouhamed seck Amady Barro Mbodj Ndeye Fatou Ngom-Gueye Awa Gaye Anta Tal-Dia Community Health Department University Alioune Diop of Bambey Bambey City Senegal Army Health Service Camp Dial Diop Dakar Senegal WHO Bamako Mali Faculty of Health Sciences Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Public Health Department Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Background: The non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a public health priority. The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence and to assess the risk factors of NCDs among the Senegalese military population to initiate an intervention program. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014. Two-level stratification was used to sample participants. Data were collected following the protocol recommended by the World Health Organization. Data were managed using Epi-Info 6 software and analyzed using R software. Results: A total of 1224 participants were recruited, of whom 96.9% were men. Their ages ranged from 25 to 60 years with a mean of 39.7 ± 9.2 years. Of participants, 17.2% were active smokers. Average duration of active smoking was 19.9 ± 9 years. The prevalence of current alcohol consumption was 11.5%, with an average of 4 ± 2.7 glasses a day. 97.17% of participants consumed fewer than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day. 18.63% had insufficient physical activity. The overall prevalence of high blood pressure was 26.9%. The proportion of those who were overweight was 27.2%;3.3% were obese. 3.0% of participants had diabetes and 44.1% had hypercholesterolemia. After adjusting for waist circumference, the risk of high cholesterol was 2.42 in the 35 - 44 age group and 2.86 in the 45 - 60 age group in comparison with the 25 - 34 age group. 32% were classified as having stage 2 chronic kidney. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate the importance of risk factors for NCDs in the Senegalese military population. Intervention based on prevention and health promotion is needed.

关键词： Risk Factors NCDs Military

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HBsAg seroprevalence among Senegalese militaries

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2014年第4期29卷 203-207页

作者： Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye Ibrahima Socé Fall Gora Lo sidy mouhamed seck Alioune Badara Tall Boubacar Gueye Amady Barro Mbodj Anta Tal-Dia Community Health Department University Alioune Diop of Bambey Army Health Service Camp Dial Diop DakarSenegal WHO Mali Faculty of Health Sciences Gaston Berger University Public Health Department Cheikh Anta Diop University

Background: Chronic hepatitis is a major public health problem. The hepatitis B virus is the primary cause, and Hepatitis B and C together are responsible for 60% of cirrhosis and 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas. This study measured the prevalence of HBsAg among Senegalese military to develop a strategy to prevent cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the ***: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among Senegalese army staff aged 25 to 60 years and divided this group into three strata: 25-34, 35-44 and 45-60 years. A sample of 1224 participants was selected following a two-level stratification. The mark of surface HBs antigen(Ag) was performed on 1195 participants using chemiluminescence(qualitative Architect HBsAg of Abbott Diagnostics Laboratories Germany) and enzyme immunoassay(Determines HBsAg) methods. The presence of HBsAg was analyzed according to age, marital status, alcohol consumption and glomerular filtration rate. Epi-info6 and R software were used, respectively, for data capture and analyses. A Chi-square test was performed to compare proportions considering an alpha significance level of 5% and a confidence interval of 95%.Results: The average age was 39.8±9.2 years. Participants in the age groups of 25-34 years, 45-60 years and 35-44 years were 30.7%, 34.4% and 34.9% of the sample, respectively. Married persons accounted for 82.6% of participants, and 17.08% were single. Most participants were educated(99%), and 56% had reached at least the secondary school level. Alcohol consumption was at 11.5%. The HBsAg prevalence rate was 10.8% [9.1% to 12.7%] with a significant difference between age groups(P<0.001), which ranged from 5.6% for 45-60 years, 9.62% in the 25-34 years group and 16.9% for the 35-44 years group. Marital status and alcohol consumption did not affect the carriage of HBsAg. The prevalence of HBsAg was more common among participants who had a glomerular filtration rate greater than 90 ml/min. Transaminases rate ex

关键词： Seroprevalence HBsAg Military Chronic diseases

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Tuberculosis among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: A Senegalese Single Center Experience

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2015年第4期5卷 117-122页

作者： Mouhamadou Moustapha Cisse Rachid El Kabouss Yaya Kane sidy mouhamed seck Ahmed Tall Lemrabott Maria Faye El Hadji Fary Ka Ansoumana Diatta Abdou Niang Boucar Diouf Nephrology Department of Teaching Hospital Aristide le Dantec Dakar Senegal Department of Nephrology Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Senegal Department of Nephrology Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal

Summary: Tuberculosis is a common infectious disease in chronic hemodialysis due to alteration of the immune system associated with chronic kidney disease. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in chronic hemodialysis patients and to identify its diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Methods and patients: This was a descriptive retrospective study over a period of 20 years (1994-2014). It includes the records of periodic hemodialysis patients in the Nephrology Department of the Aristide Le Dantec University Teaching Hospital in Dakar which clinical symptoms and laboratory favor tuberculosis. Results: Of 258 chronic hemodialysis patients treated in Hospital Aristide Le Dantec hemodialysis center, 29 cases (11.4%) of tuberculosis disease are diagnosed. The mean age is 43.21 ± 12.48 years, and the sex-ratio is 0.8. The median time to onset of tuberculosis after initiation of hemodialysis is 22.86 ± 28.86 months. The diagnosis of tuberculosis is sure only in 17% of cases. Extra-pulmonary sites are found in 79% of cases. The average duration of treatment is 9.39 ± 1.64 months (6 - 13 months). Various treatment protocols are adopted. Mortality is 21%, 50% due to disseminated tuberculosis. Conclusion: The diagnosis of tuberculosis in the chronic hemodialysis patients is often difficult due to the atypical symptoms, the frequency of extra-pulmonary location and the lack of evidence of sure diagnosis.

关键词： Tuberculosis Hemodialysis Dakar

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Secondary Hypertension in Sub-Saharan African Populations: A Retrospective Study between 2011 and 2016 at Regional Hospital of Saint-Louis, Senegal

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2016年第3期6卷 93-97页

作者： Yaya Kane Joel Simon Manga Diatou Gueye Dia Maiga Moussa Zeinabou Tondi Ahmed Tall Lemrabott Maria Faye sidy mouhamed seck Mouhamadou Moustapha Cisse Alex Ismael Keita Kalilou Diallo El Hadj Fary Ka Abdou Niang Boucar Diouf Nephrology-Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Sénégal Nephrology and Internal Medicine Department Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Sénégal Nephrology Department Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger Nephrology Department Teaching Hospital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal

Introduction: High blood pressure (HBP) is a worldwide health issue responsible of high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Even though essential HBP is far the most frequently reported in patients, secondary causes must be known because of their severity and the possibility of aetiological treatment. No recent epidemiological data are available about secondary causes of HBP in black African populations. The aim of this study was to describe aetiological patterns of secondary HBP in patients followed at Saint-Louis Hospital. Patients and Method: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study in regional hospital of Saint-Louis. All patients aged ≥15 years old admitted from January 1st 2011 to January 31st 2015 in internal medicine, nephrology, emergency and cardiology departments were included. Clinical, paraclinical data and patients outcomes were collected from medical records. Hypertension was defined according to JNC8 criteria. Secondary HBP was considered if explorations identified a clear aetiology to hypertension. Statistical analysis was done with Excel 2010 and STATA 12.0. Results: We included 9253 patients with mean age of 35 ± 12 years (15 - 83 years) and sex-ratio of 1.6. Overall 67.5% of patients had hypertension and secondary causes were found in 10.5% of them. The majority of patients presented clinical symptoms suggesting a secondary cause of HBP and first-line laboratory explorations were normal in half of cases. Renal diseases were responsible for 79.1% of secondary HBP cases mainly dominated by glomerulonephritis (22.6%), vascular nephropathies (18.7%) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (5.8%). They were followed by preeclampsia (13.6%) and endocrinal aetiologies such as hyperthyroidism (5.8%), hypercorticism (0.5%), pheochromcytoma (0.5%), primary hyperparathyroidism (0.4%) and Conn’s adenoma (0.1%). Combination of ≥3 antihypertensive drugs was necessary in 71.5% of cases and surgical treatment was performed in three patient

关键词： Secondary High Blood Pressure Internal Medicine Black Africans

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Humoral Response and Tolerance of Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in Adults Senegalese Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Multicenter Prospective Study

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期14卷 70-80页

作者： Lot Nehemie Motoula Latou Moustapha Mbow Modou Ndongo Gnagna Faye Gora Lo sidy Mohamed seck Department of Nephrology and Dialysis Military Hospital of Ouakam Dakar Senegal Immunology Laboratory Military Hospital of Ouakam Dakar Senegal Department of Nephrology and Dialysis Regional Hospital of Kedougou Kedougou Senegal Department of Nephrology Idrissa Pouye General Hospital Dakar Senegal Bacterioloy and Virology Laboratory CMIA Dakar Senegal IRL-3189 ESS/UGB/CNRS/UCAD/CNRST/USTB Faculty of Health Sciences University Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal

Introduction: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been proposed in several countries as the main preventive measure despite very limited data, particularly in dialysis patients. We conducted this study to assess the immunological response to vaccination in Senegalese hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study, in two dialysis centers in Dakar from March 30th to August 30th, 2021 including patients on hemodialysis for >6 months, vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 according to the vaccination schedule recommended by WHO. A vaccine response was considered positive when seroconversion was observed after one dose of vaccine. The clinical efficacy of immunization was defined as the absence of new COVID-19 infection in patients who received a complete vaccination. Results: Among the 81 patients included in the study, 7.4% had anti-Spike IgM antibodies before their first vaccination. Seroprevalence of IgM antibodies was 38.3% one month after the first vaccine dose (at M1) and 8.6% one month after the second dose (at M4). Anti-Spike IgG antibodies were present in 40.3% of patients before vaccination, in 90.1% at M1, and in 59.7% at M4. Among patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, 10.2% had IgM antibodies at M0, 31.6% at M1, and 10.5% at M4 post-vaccination. Similarly, seroprevalences of IgG antibodies in this subgroup were 31.5%, 61.3%, and 50.0% respectively at M0, M1, and M4 post-vaccination. A comparison of seroconversion rates between M0 and M4 showed significant differences only for IgG in COVID-19 naive patients. Mean duration in dialysis and the existence of previous COVID-19 infection were associated with patients’ vaccinal response after the two doses. Age, gender and the use of immunosuppressive treatment did not influence post-vaccinal antibody production. Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 in Senegalese hemodialysis patients induced a low seroconversion rate but it was well tolerated. M

关键词： SARS-Cov2 Vaccination Humoral Response Tolerance Hemodialysis Senegal

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Eudragit^®-PEG Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization and Interfacial Tension Measurements

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2024年第2期14卷 121-131页

作者： Papa Mady Sy sidy mouhamed Dieng Alphonse Rodrigue Djiboune Louis Augustin Diaga Diouf Boucar Ndong Gora Mbaye Mounibé Diarra Laboratory of Physics and Pharmaceutical Biophysics Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology UCAD Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Galenic Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology UCAD Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology UCAD Dakar Senegal

The objectives of this study are to understand the mechanisms involved in the stabilization of water/oil interfaces by polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) (Eudragit®). Eudragit L100 NPs of various sizes and Zeta potentials were studied and compared at a water/cyclohexane model interface using a droplet tensiometer (Tracker Teclis, Longessaigne, France). The progressive interfacial adsorption of the NPs in the aqueous phase was monitored by tensiometry. The model interface was maintained and observed in a drop tensiometer, analyzed via axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA), to determine the interfacial properties. Given the direct relationship between the stability of Pickering emulsions (emulsions stabilized by solid nanoparticles) and the interfacial properties of these layers, different nanoparticle systems were compared. Specifically, Eudragit NPs of different sizes were examined. Moreover, the reduction of the Zeta potential with PEG-6000 induces partial aggregation of the NPs (referred to as NP flocs), significantly impacting the stability of the interfacial layer. Dynamic surface tension measurements indicate a significant decrease in interfacial tension with Eudragit® nanoparticles (NPs). This reduction correlates with the size of the NPs, highlighting that this parameter does not operate in isolation. Other factors, such as the contact angle and wettability of the nanoparticles, also play a critical role. Notably, larger NPs further diminished the interfacial tension. This study enhances our understanding of the stability of Pickering emulsions stabilized by Eudragit® L100 polymeric nanoparticles.

关键词： Nanoparticles Eudragit® PEG Interfacial Tension Pickering Emulsion

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Prevalence and outcomes of polycystic kidney disease in African populations:A systematic review

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World Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期13卷 33-40页

作者： Modou Ndongo Lot Motoula Nehemie Baratou Coundoul Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara sidy Mohamed seck Department of Nephrology and Dialysis Regional Hospital of KedougouKedougou 26005Senegal Department of Nephrology and Dialysis Military Hospital of OuakamDakar 28216Senegal Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology Polytechnic high School of Cheikh Anta Diop UniversityDakar 5085Senegal Department of Nephrology Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity Gaston BergerSaint-Louis 234Senegal

BACKGROUND Polycystic kidney disease(PKD)is the most common genetic cause of kidney *** is a progressive and irreversible condition that can lead to end-stage renal disease and many other visceral *** comprehensive data on PKD patterns in Africa is *** To describe the prevalence and outcomes of PKD in the African *** A literature search of PubMed,African journal online,and Google Scholar databases between 2000 and 2023 was *** Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed to design the *** presentations and outcomes of patients were extracted from the included *** Out of 106 articles,we included 13 studies from 7 African *** of them were retrospective descriptive studies concerning 943 PKD patients with a mean age of 47.9 *** accurate prevalence and incidence of PKD were not known but it represented the third causal nephropathy among dialysis *** majority of patients,the diagnosis of the disease was often *** function impairment,abdominal mass,and hypertension were the leading symptoms at presentation with a pooled prevalence of 72.1%(69.1-75.1),65.8%(62.2-69.4),and 57.4%(54.2-60.6)*** and infections were the most frequent *** was performed in few studies that revealed a high proportion of new mutations mainly in the PKD1 *** The prevalence of PKD in African populations is not clearly *** symptoms were almost present with most patients who had kidney function impairment and abdominal mass at the *** studies including genetic testing are needed to determine the burden of PKD in African populations.

关键词： Polycystic kidney disease Africa Genetic disorder Systematic review

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