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A cognitive model＇s view of animal cognition

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 499-513页

作者： sidney d'MELLO Stan FRANKLIN department of Psychology University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Institute of Intelligent Systems University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

Although it is a relatively new field of study, the animal cognition literature is quite extensive and difficult to synthesize. This paper explores the contributions a comprehensive, computational, cognitive model can make toward organizing and assimilating this literature, as well as toward identifying important concepts and their interrelations. Using the LIdA model as an example, a framework is described within which to integrate the diverse research in animal cognition. Such a framework can provide both an ontology of concepts and their relations, and a working model of an animal’s cognitive processes that can compliment active empirical research. In addition to helping to account for a broad range of cognitive processes, such a model can help to comparatively assess the cognitive capabilities of different animal species. After deriving an ontology for animal cognition from the LIdA model, we apply it to develop the beginnings of a database that maps the cognitive facilities of a variety of animal species. We conclude by discussing future avenues of research, particularly the use of computational models of animal cognition as valuable tools for hypotheses generation and testing.

关键词：模型动物认知模式认知过程认知能力认知研究动物物种模型假设数据库

Mouse models of medulloblastoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第7期30卷 442-449页

作者： Paul A.Northcott sidney Croul Michael d.Taylor Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center Hospital for Sick Children

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. despite its prevalence and importance in pediatric neuro-oncology, the genes and pathways responsible for its initiation, maintenance, and progression remain poorly understood. Genetically engineered mouse models are an essential tool for uncovering the molecular and cellular basis of human diseases, including cancer, and serve a valuable role as preclinical models for testing targeted therapies. In this review, we summarize how such models have been successfully applied to the study of medulloblastoma over the past decade and what we might expect in the coming years.

关键词：小鼠模型母细胞遗传工程人类疾病脑肿瘤发病率小儿神经

Anti-inflammatory potential of human corneal stroma-derived stem cells determined by a novel in vitro corneal epithelial injury model

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第2期11卷 84-99页

作者： Mariana Lizeth Orozco Morales Nagi M Marsit Owen d McIntosh Andrew Hopkinson Laura E sidney Academic Ophthalmology Division of Clinical Neuroscience University of Nottingham

BACKGROUNd An in vitro injury model mimicking a corneal surface injury was optimised using human corneal epithelial cells(hCEC).AIM To investigate whether corneal-stroma derived stem cells(CSSC) seeded on an amniotic membrane(AM) construct manifests an anti-inflammatory, healing *** Treatment of hCEC with ethanol and pro-inflammatory cytokines were compared in terms of viability loss, cytotoxicity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release, in order to generate the in vitro injury. This resulted in an optimal injury of 20%(v/v) ethanol for 30 s with 1 ng/mL interleukin-1(IL-1) beta. Co-culture experiments were performed with CSSC alone and with CSSC-AM *** effect of injury and co-culture on viability, cytotoxicity, IL-6 and IL-8 production, and IL1 B, TNF, IL6, and CXCL8 mRNA expression were *** Co-culture with CSSC inhibited loss of hCEC viability caused by injury. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction showed a significant reduction in the production of IL-6 and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression during co-culture with CSSC alone and with the AM construct. These results confirmed the therapeutic potential of the CSSC and the possible use of AM as a cell carrier for application to the ocular *** CSSC were shown to have a potentially therapeutic anti-inflammatory effectwhen treating injured hCEC, demonstrating an important role in corneal regeneration and wound healing, leading to an improved knowledge of their potential use for research and therapeutic purposes.

关键词： Cornea Corneal injuries Injury model epithelium stromaderived stem cells Amnion Anti-inflammatory Cell therapy

Comment on"Reversible 3d optical data storage and information encryption in photo-modulated transparent glass medium"

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第8期11卷 1933-1934页

作者： Gael Poirier Marcelo Nalin sidney J.L Ribeiro Younes Messaddeq Institute of Science and Technology Federal University of AlfenasCampus Poços de CaldasPoços de CaldasMGBrazil Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University UNESPAraraquaraSPBrazil

dear Editor,The development of reversible photochromic materials combining efficient writing/erasing properties, low-cost and environmentally friendly compositions is a breakthrough challenge and a subject of many research works in the last decades. In this perspective, transparent oxide glasses are promising since their production is ensured by a simple melt-quenching technique and a proper laser writing setup is able to give rise to a localized photochromic effect, opening opportunities for 3d optical data storage.

关键词： transparent since glasses

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Author Spotlight

CCS Chemistry 2022年第5期4卷 1461-1464页

作者： Hecht, sidney Wang, Ruibing Huang, Jing Zheng, Haoquan Univ Wisconsin Mol Biol Madison WI 53706 USA MIT Fac Chem Cambridge MA 02139 USA Univ Virginia Chem Charlottesville VA 22903 USA Univ Virginia Biol Charlottesville VA 22903 USA Smith Kline & French Lab Preclin Res & Dev R&D Philadelphia PA USA Smith Kline & French Lab Preclin Chem R&D Philadelphia PA USA Arizona State Univ Ctr Bioenerget Biodesign Inst Tempe AZ 85287 USA Arizona State Univ Chem Tempe AZ 85287 USA Queens Univ Kingston ON Canada Natl Res Council Canada Ottawa ON Canada Univ Macau Taipa Macau Peoples R China NIH Bldg 10 Bethesda MD 20892 USA Hunan Univ Changsha Hunan Peoples R China Shaanxi Normal Univ Sch Chem & Chem Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Stockholm Univ Prof Xiaodong Zous Grp Stockholm Sweden

sidney Hecht *** obtained his *** chemistry at the University of Illinois,*** studies as a National Institutes of Health(NIH)Postdoctoral Fellow in molecular biology at the University of Wisconsin(USA),he became a member of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)Chemistry Faculty from 1971 to 1979,John *** Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Biology at the University of Virginia(USA)from 1978 to 2008.

关键词： doctor Fellow Illinois

No evidence demonstrating hepatotoxicity associated with hydroxycitric acid

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第32期15卷 4087-4089页

作者： sidney J Stohs Harry G Preuss Sunny E Ohia Gilbert R Kaats Carl L Keen Lonnie d Williams George A Burdock School of Pharmacy and Health Professions Creighton University Medical Center4967 Stillwater TrailFriscoTX 75034United States

Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and effi cacy of HCA. No HCA-associated hepatotoxicity or treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in these studies, and thus it is premature to make the assumptions presented in the recent case studies regarding Hydroxycut. If it is established in well controlled studies that the use of these formulations with and/or without HCA can result in the occurrence or progression of hepatotoxicity, additional studies should be conducted to characterize the causative factor(s).

关键词：羟基柠檬酸肝毒性证据产品使用体重管理人体试验致病因子 HCA

Three-year follow-up in advanced pediatric keratoconus:thin corneas may not have pachymetry properly assessed after crosslinking

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第10期13卷 1561-1566页

作者： Rosalia Antunes-Foschini sidney Júlio Faria-e-Sousa Hospital das Clínicas Medical School of Ribeirao PretoUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto 14049-900Brazil department of Ophthalmology OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryMedical School of Ribeirao PretoUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto 14049-900Brazil

AIM:To analyze the crosslinking(CXL)effects in pediatric keratoconus,and to identify the patients’corneal characteristics whose pachymetry could not be adequately evaluated by Scheimpflug method after ***:Consecutive pediatric patients with progressive keratoconus underwent CXL were ***-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and spheric equivalent(SE)were measured before and after *** CXL,groups 1 and 2 were divided based on the posterior surface Pentacam quality specifications(QS):"OK"(Group 1)and"not OK"(Group 2).The mean(RmF and RmB)and minimum(RminF and RminB)radius of curvatures of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces,and the thinnest pachymetry(Pmin)were measured preoperatively at 3,6,12,24,and 36 *** was ***:Twenty-six patients(14 men,mean age 14±1.8 y)and median Kmax of 59.9 d initially and 61.4 d preoperatively were *** was not different before and 24 mo after *** 2 statistically differed to group 1 in that SE was more myopic before and with no difference 24 mo after CXL;RmF and RmB were steeper and Pmin was thinner *** 2,in which pachymetric changes could not be adequately evaluated after surgery,presented with significant RmF flattening,a shift to hyperopia,and more haze after ***:Patients whose pachymetry could not be adequately evaluated after CXL had steeper and thinner corneas before *** predictive factors for impaired QS after CXL are RmF,RmB,and *** advanced keratoconus,alternative methods to analyze pachymetry and the posterior surface should be considered.

关键词： keratoconus cross-linking corneal pachymetry corneal topography corneal opacity

Pancreaticβ-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes:Implications of inflammation and oxidative stress

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World Journal of diabetes 2023年第3期14卷 130-146页

作者： Phiwayinkosi V dludla Sihle E Mabhida Khanyisani Ziqubu Bongani B Nkambule Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje sidney Hanser Albert Kotze Basson Carmen Pheiffer Andre Pascal Kengne Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform South African Medical Research CouncilCape Town 7505South Africa department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of ZululandKwaDlangezwa 3880South Africa department of Biochemistry North-West UniversityMmabatho 2745South Africa School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa department of Physiology and Environmental Health University of LimpopoSovenga 0727South Africa department of Medicine University of Cape TownCape Town 7500South Africa Non-Communicable diseases Research Unit South African Medical Research CouncilTygerberg 7505South Africa

Insulin resistance and pancreaticβ-cell dysfunction are major pathological mechanisms implicated in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes(T2d).Beyond the detrimental effects of insulin resistance,inflammation and oxidative stress have emerged as critical features of T2d that defineβ-cell *** markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein,tumor necrosis factor alpha,and interleukin-1βare consistently associated withβ-cell failure in preclinical models and in people with ***,important markers of oxidative stress,such as increased reactive oxygen species and depleted intracellular antioxidants,are consistent with pancreaticβ-cell damage in conditions of *** effects illustrate a pathological relationship between an abnormal inflammatory response and generation of oxidative stress during the progression of *** current review explores preclinical and clinical research on the pathological implications of inflammation and oxidative stress during the development ofβ-cell dysfunction in ***,important molecular mechanisms and relevant biomarkers involved in this process are discussed to divulge a pathological link between inflammation and oxidative stress duringβ-cell failure in *** the clinical relevance of the review,a systematic analysis of evidence from randomized controlled trials is covered,on the potential therapeutic effects of some commonly used antidiabetic agents in modulating inflammatory makers to improveβ-cell function.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Insulin resistance β-cell dysfunction Inflammation Oxidative stress

Legal opinion letters formbook 2nd ed.

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Legal opinion letters formbook 2nd ed.