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Rosmarinic acid ameliorates hypoxia/ischemia induced cognitive deficits and promotes remyelination

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 894-902页

作者： Man Li Miao-Miao Cui Nwobodo Alexander Kenechukwu Yi-Wei Gu Yu-Lin Chen si-jing zhong Yu-Ting Gao Xue-Yan Cao Li Wang Fu-Min Liu Xiang-Ru Wen Department of Genetics Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Xuzhou Medical University Clinical Medical College XuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Laboratory Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Research Center for Neurobiology and Department of Neurobiology Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Rosmarinic acid,a common ester extracted from Rosemary,Perilla frutescens,and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,has been shown to have protective effects against various *** is an investigation into whether rosmarinic acid can also affect the changes of white matter fibers and cognitive deficits caused by hypoxic *** right common carotid artery of 3-day-old rats was ligated for 2 *** rats were then prewarmed in a plastic container with holes in the lid,which was placed in 37°C water bath for 30 ***,the rats were exposed to an atmosphere with 8% O2 and 92% N2 for 30 minutes to establish the perinatal hypoxia/ischemia injury *** rat models were intraperitoneally injected with rosmarinic acid 20 mg/kg for 5 consecutive *** 22 days after birth,rosmarinic acid was found to improve motor,anxiety,learning and spatial memory impairments induced by hypoxia/ischemia ***,rosmarinic acid promoted the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the subventricular *** hypoxia/ischemia injury,rosmarinic acid reversed to some extent the downregulation of myelin basic protein and the loss of myelin sheath in the corpus callosum of white matter *** acid partially slowed down the expression of oligodendrocyte marker Olig2 and myelin basic protein and the increase of oligodendrocyte apoptosis marker inhibitors of DNA binding *** data indicate that rosmarinic acid ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction after perinatal hypoxia/ischemia injury by improving remyelination in corpus *** study was approved by the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of Xuzhou Medical University,China (approval No.20161636721) on September 16,2017.

关键词： cognitive dysfunction corpus callosum differentiation/DNA binding factor 2 hypoxia/ischemia myelin basic protein myelin sheath remyelination rosmarinic acid

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Dynamic Regulation of Hydrogen Bonding Networks and Solvation Structures for Synergistic Solar‑Thermal Desalination of Seawater and Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 548-565页

作者： Ming‑Yuan Yu jing Wu Guang Yin Fan‑Zhen Jiao zhong‑Zhen Yu Jin Qu Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Organic‑Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China

Although solar steam generation strategy is efficient in desalinating seawater,it is still challenging to achieve continuous solar-thermal desalination of seawater and catalytic degradation of organic ***,dynamic regulations of hydrogen bonding networks and solvation structures are realized by designing an asymmetric bilayer membrane consisting of a bacterial cellulose/carbon nanotube/Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)nanorod top layer and a bacterial cellulose/Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)nanorod(BCH)bottom ***,the hydrogen bonding networks inside the membrane can be tuned by the rich surface–OH groups of the bacterial cellulose and Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)as well as the ions and radicals in situ generated during the catalysis ***,both SO_(4)^(2−)and HSO_(5)−can regulate the solvation structure of Na^(+)and be adsorbed more preferentially on the evaporation surface than Cl^(−),thus hindering the de-solvation of the solvated Na^(+)and subsequent nucleation/growth of ***,the heat generated by the solar-thermal energy conversion can accelerate the reaction kinetics and enhance the catalytic degradation *** work provides a flow-bed water purification system with an asymmetric solar-thermal and catalytic membrane for synergistic solar thermal desalination of seawater/brine and catalytic degradation of organic pollutants.

关键词： Solar steam generation Seawater desalination Catalytic degradation Bacterial cellulose Cobalt hydroxycarbonate nanorods

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Enantioselective reductive conjugate alkenylation of α,β-enones with keto alkenyl acetates by nickel catalysis

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 157-162页

作者： Rong-De He Yun-Lei Luo Qiu-Quan Pan Qi-Wei Yao Xing-zhong Shu State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University

Reactions involving alkenyl acetates offer cost-effective and environmentally friendly routes for alkene synthesis, yet their asymmetric variant remains elusive. Concurrently, asymmetric conjugate alkenylation predominantly centered on nucleophilic addition using alkenyl–M. This manuscript presents an asymmetric reductive conjugate alkenylation reaction involving alkenyl acetates. The method facilitates the enantioselective addition of keto alkenyl groups to α,β-enones, resulting in the formation of unsaturated diketones—a class of useful structural motifs that are challenging to access otherwise. The use of electron-rich Pyroxy ligand is essential for achieving both high reaction efficiency and enantioselectivity.

关键词： nickel alkenylation asymmetric cross-coupling alkenes

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Recent progress on photoactive nonprecious transition-metal complexes

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 46-95页

作者： zhong-Liang Gong Hong-Jie Zhang Yan Cheng Jianxun Liu Yuhan Ai Yaqin Li Zhihui Feng Qiong Zhang Shaolong Gong Yong Chen Chang-Jiang Yao Yuan-Yuan Zhu Liang-Jin Xu Yu-Wu zhong CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Structural Cemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction EngineeringHefei University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials Wuhan University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Photoactive complexes of nonprecious transition metals, mainly including those in the first-row and partially the second-row of the Periodic table of elements, have received increasing attention in view of their low cost and long-term sustainability. They are recognized as promising alternatives to noble transition metal complex congeners that have been extensively studied in optoelectronic devices, artificial photosynthesis, photocatalysis, biodiagnostics, and therapeutics, etc. This review is devoted to a comprehensive summary on the classical and recent advances on photoactive nonprecious transition metal complexes, including photoactive Zr, V, Cr, Mo, and W complexes, Mn complexes and hybrids, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu complexes, and Zn and Cd complexes and hybrids. A particular focus is given on the molecular design, modulation of photophysical and photochemical properties, and applications of the representative and lately-developed nonprecious metal complexes. In addition, a perspective on the future development in this field is provided at the end of this review.

关键词： photoactive metal complexes earth-abundant metals nonprecious metal complexes luminescence photochemistry

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Recent Advances in Artificial Sensory Neurons:Biological Fundamentals,Devices,Applications,and Challenges

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 168-216页

作者： Shuai zhong Lirou Su Mingkun Xu Desmond Loke Bin Yu Yishu Zhang Rong Zhao Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology HengqinZhuhai 519031People’s Republic of China College of Integrated Circuits Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 3112000People’s Republic of China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Department of Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Department of Precision Instruments Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Center for Brain‑Inspired Computing Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China

Spike-based neural networks,which use spikes or action potentialsto represent information,have gained a lot of attention because of their high energyefficiency and low power *** fully leverage its advantages,convertingthe external analog signals to spikes is an essential *** including analog-to-digital converters or ring oscillators,and sensorssuffer from high power and area *** efforts are devoted to constructingartificial sensory neurons based on emerging devices inspired by the biologicalsensory *** can simultaneously perform sensing and spike conversion,overcoming the deficiencies of traditional sensory *** review summarizesand benchmarks the recent progress of artificial sensory *** starts with thepresentation of various mechanisms of biological signal transduction,followed bythe systematic introduction of the emerging devices employed for artificial ***,the implementations with different perceptual capabilitiesare briefly outlined and the key metrics and potential applications are also ***,we highlight the challenges and perspectives for the future development of artificial sensory neurons.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Emerging devices Artificial sensory neurons Spiking neural networks Neuromorphic sensing

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国际学界关于ChatGPT语言能力的争论与思考

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语言战略研究 2025年第1期10卷 75-86页

作者：时仲田英慧司富珍北京语言大学语言学系/乔姆斯基研究所/生物语言学与脑科学实验室北京100083 北京华文学院招生办公室北京102206

随着ChatGPT为代表的大语言模型在应用方面取得极大成功,语言官能是否为人类独有的问题引起热议,国际学界形成两个对立的阵营。一方认为,大语言模型语言理解和产出方面达到了媲美人类的水准,对乔姆斯基的语言学理论提出了挑战,甚至足以... 详细信息

随着ChatGPT为代表的大语言模型在应用方面取得极大成功,语言官能是否为人类独有的问题引起热议,国际学界形成两个对立的阵营。一方认为,大语言模型语言理解和产出方面达到了媲美人类的水准,对乔姆斯基的语言学理论提出了挑战,甚至足以取代生成语法的语言学理论地位。另一方则认为,人类语言习得“刺激贫乏”但生成能力惊人,而大语言模型“学习”语言依靠输入海量数据,因此,它无法对人类语言的本质问题给出合理性解释,在语言的核心属性方面与人类语言官能存在本质区别。不少实证测试也对夸大大语言模型在语言学理论中的地位的观点进行了批判。本文认为,对这一问题的讨论,首先应思考如下问题:(1)区分科学理论建构与工程应用;(2)对“可能的语言”与“不可能的语言”的区分做出原则性的预测与解释;(3)探讨自然语言习得“刺激贫乏”与大语言模型依靠“豪华型”海量数据之对立背后的深层原因;(4)对句法在人类语言和大语言模型中的地位进行更多维度和更系统的对比评测。

关键词： ChatGPT 大语言模型刺激贫乏可能的语言不可能的语言

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Cu掺杂及缺陷共存对ZnO光催化影响的理论研究

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原子与分子物理学报 2025年第2期42卷 24-32页

作者：张海峰赵晋忠伊思静卢士香山西农业大学基础部太谷030801 北京理工大学化学与化工学院北京100081

采用密度泛函理论研究了Cu掺杂及缺陷共存对ZnO光催化性能的影响.计算时考虑了富O和贫O两种掺杂条件.研究结果表明富O条件有利于Cu的掺杂,贫O条件则产生抑制作用.当Cu掺杂浓度较低时,不论在何种掺杂条件下,Cu的主要掺杂方式均为Cu_(Zn)... 详细信息

采用密度泛函理论研究了Cu掺杂及缺陷共存对ZnO光催化性能的影响.计算时考虑了富O和贫O两种掺杂条件.研究结果表明富O条件有利于Cu的掺杂,贫O条件则产生抑制作用.当Cu掺杂浓度较低时,不论在何种掺杂条件下,Cu的主要掺杂方式均为Cu_(Zn)型.当Cu掺杂浓度较高时,富O条件下以Cu_(Zn)-Cu_(Zn)型掺杂方式为主,贫O条件下Cu_(Zn)-Cu_(Zn)和Cu_(Zn)-Cui这两种掺杂方式都有可能出现.富O条件下Cu掺杂会促进V_(Zn)和O_(i)缺陷的产生,且引入的V_(Zn)和O_(i)缺陷趋向于距离Cu原子最近.Cu掺杂可有效降低ZnO的带隙宽度,且随着掺杂浓度的增加,相应模型的带隙宽度会继续降低.V_(Zn)、O_(i)和V_(O)缺陷共存使相应模型的带隙宽度有所增加.Cu掺杂及V_(Zn)、O_(i)、V_(O)缺陷共存使模型对可见光发生响应,扩展了模型对太阳光的吸收范围.对于Cu掺杂模型,富O条件下Cu_(Zn)-Cu_(Zn)是有利的光催化模型.对于缺陷共存模型,富O条件下Cu_(Zn)-Cu_(Zn)-V_(Zn)是有利的光催化模型,其次是Cu_(Zn)-V_(Zn)和Cu_(Zn)-O_(i),贫O条件下Cu_(Zn)-V_(O)是有利的光催化模型.

关键词： ZnO Cu掺杂缺陷共存密度泛函理论光催化

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Multicomponent polymerization of elemental sulfur,difluoromethylene phosphobetaine and aryl silyl ethers toward aromatic poly(O,O′-monothiocarbonate)s

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Yongjiang Yu Rongrong Hu Ben zhong Tang State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology The Chinese University of Hong Kong AIE Institute

Polythiocarbonates with similar structures to polycarbonates, have emerged as a group of promising sulfur-containing polymers with a range of practical applications, taking advantages of their excellent optical properties, good thermal stability and filmforming ability, and so on. However, the synthesis of polythiocarbonates generally suffered from mixed isomeric structures of repeating units, and hazardous sulfur-containing reagents. In this work, an efficient multicomponent reaction of elemental sulfur,difluoromethylene phosphobetaine（PDFA）, and aryl silyl ethers was designed with the assistance of organic base 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene（MTBD） to produce 12 kinds of O,O′-monothiocarbonate compounds in up to 93% yields,taking advantages of the unique chemical property of difluorocarbene, and the deprotection of silyl group by F-generated from PDFA. Most importantly, the MTBD-assisted multicomponent polymerization of bis（aryl silyl ether）s, elemental sulfur, and PDFA was developed, affording 12 kinds of poly（O,O′-monothiocarbonate）s with well-defined structures, high Mws of up to16900 g/mol and high yields（up to 99%）. These poly（O,O′-monothiocarbonate）s possessed good film-forming properties and thermal stability, high light refractive indices and transmittance. The facile synthesis of these polymonothiocarbonates might pave the way for the development of promising sulfur-containing polymer materials.

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Metal-organic frameworks with dinuclear metal centers for synergistically boosting CO2 photoreduction

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 201-208页

作者： Hui-Feng Wang Wen-Jie Shi Yu-Xin Yang Bao-Xia Dong Tong-Bu Lu Di-Chang zhong School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology

Dinuclear metal synergistic catalysis （DMSC） has been proved powerful in boosting CO2reduction,while this has not been achieved in heterogeneous catalysts with long-range order *** this study,we,by introduction of metal catalytic centers into an indium-based metal-organic framework （MOF）,obtained a series of isostructural In-MOFs,including three MOFs with mononuclear metal catalytic center （M-In）,three MOFs with dinuclear homometallic catalytic centers （MM-In）,and three MOFs with dinuclear heterometallic catalytic centers (MM’-In,M/M’=Co（II）,Ni（II）,Zn（II）).It was found that all these MOFs can serve as catalysts for photochemical CO2reduction to *** with M-In,the catalytic activities of MM-In were obviously enhanced,and that of MM’-In was further significantly *** example,the CO yield of Co Zn-In reaches a record value of 12,700μmol g-1h-1,which is 4.0,8.1,9.4,and 18.6-fold higher than that of Co Co-In,Zn Zn-In,Co-In,and Zn-In,***,the catalytic activities of Co Ni-In and Ni Zn-In also show different fold increase than those of corresponding dinuclear homometallic and mononuclear metallic *** results of control experiments and theoretical calculation reveal that the higher catalytic activities of MM-In over M-In can be ascribed to the DMSC effect,and the higher catalytic activity of MM’-In over MM-In can be ascribed to the strengthened DMSC *** work reveals the relationship between DMSC effect and bimetal centers in CO2reduction,which provides new insights into the DMSC and paves a new way to design highly active catalysts for photochemical CO2reduction.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks dinuclear metal centers synergistic catalysis CO2 reduction photocatalysis

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Thickness and sp3 bond modulation of（Ti/tetrahedral amorphous carbon）_n multilayer coatings

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Tungsten 2025年第1期7卷 152-160页

作者： Zhi-Jun Xie Jia-Lin Li Ling Gong Xiang-Li zhong Hong-Jia Song Jin-Bin Wang National-Provincial Laboratory of Special Function Thin Film Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan University

The durability of wear-resistant tetrahedral amorphous carbon（ta-C） coatings is intimately linked to their thickness and the concentration of *** enhance the lifespan of the coatings,we have prepared a multilayer coating consisting of alternating layers of Ti and ta-C,denoted as（Ti/ta-C）_n,using arc ion plating.A multi-layer structure in conjunction with stage cooling is employed to enhance the thickness and promote *** results indicate that the ID/IGvalue,representing the ratio of the intensity of the D peak to that of the G peak in Raman spectroscopy,decreases from 0.85 when no stage cooling is applied to 0.35 when stage cooling is employed,suggesting an enhancement in the fraction of sp3bonds within the *** obtained（Ti/ta-C）_n multilayer coating without peeling off has a maximum thickness of 1.14 μm,which is almost double that of the ta-C coating single layer *** the same time,the coating has a low coefficient of friction,down to 0.069,and maintains excellent friction properties with a wear rate of 3.4×10-6mm3·N-1·*** results conclusively show that the preparation technology can enhance both thickness and sp3bonding in ta-C coatings,significantly expanding their utility across tools,molds,and precision engineering components.

关键词： Arc ion plating Multilayer structure sp3 bond Ta-C coating Wear resistance

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