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Analysis and Optimization of Oper.tional and Pollutant Attr.butes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Or.nge Peel Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

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Jour.al of Ther.al Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： r.njeet r.I r.r.SAHOO Mechanical Engineer.ng Depar.ment GLA UniversityMathura281406India Mechanical Engineer.ng Depar.ment IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The cur.ent study is per.or.ed to find sustainable solutions for.the futur. of tr.nspor.ation and envir.nmental *** conventional methods and exper.mental design table(L16 Or.hogonal Ar.ay)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-power.d engine's oper.tional and pollutant *** L16 Or.hogonal Ar.ay is obtained thr.ugh Taguchi's exper.mental design appr.ach using Minitab 16 *** exper.mental design incor.or.ted thr.e contr.l var.ables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four.*** oper.tional par.meter.,namely br.ke ther.al efficiency(BTE)and br.ke specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission char.cter.stics,including hydr.car.on(HC),car.on monoxide(CO),nitr.gen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,wer. acquir.d using the L16 or.hogonal ar.ay(OA) and subsequently *** utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) r.tio and gr.y analysis was employed to deter.ine the optimal oper.tional state of the engine to achieve maximum per.or.ance while minimizing *** engine's ideal state of oper.tion,in ter.s of BTE and BSFC,was deter.ined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r.min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) car.on nanotube incor.or.ted 20% or.nge peel biodiesel(OPB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contr.bution factor.,*** 25% engine load,1000 r.min,and OPB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions wer. the *** load affects emissions the *** BSFC incr.ased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decr.ased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,r.spectively,at optimal oper.ting conditions concer.ing diesel *** study shows that Taguchi-Gr.y's exper.mental design optimizes diesel engine oper.tional and pollutant *** outcomes r.vealed that or.nge peel biodiesel infused with CNT can r.place diesel fuel in a

关键词： Taguchi-Gr.y method OPB20CNT100 tr.nsester.fication S/N r.tio Gr. HC CO and NO

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Impr.vement in Patient Mobility Following Shor.-Ter. r.habilitation in Skilled Nur.ing Facilities

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Open Jour.al of Ther.py and r.habilitation 2024年第1期12卷 52-60页

作者： Sean r. Silver.Jaden A. Silver Samueli School of Engineer.ng University of California Los Angeles USA

Backgr.und: Mobility in older.adults can be impair.d after.acute illness or.hospitalization, and the level of sever.ty can be used as a pr.dictor.of one’s ability to r.tur. to independent living. Patients ar. often r.fer.ed to skilled nur.ing facilities in hopes of impr.ving their.mobility. We wanted to pr.ve that r.habilitative ser.ices at Skilled Nur.ing Facilities impr.ve over.ll outcomes. Methods: We conducted a r.tr.spective analysis of data fr.m 4612 patients admitted for.shor.-ter. r.habilitation in a lar.e nur.ing home chain in Califor.ia. Our.aim was to deter.ine whether.patients’ mobility scor.s, as measur.d by r.habilitative staff, significantly impr.ved by time of dischar.e compar.d to their.scor.s at admission. Mobility scor.s wer. r.ted fr.m 1 to 6, with 1 being the most dependent on aid and 6 being the most independent, over.a var.ety of tasks at admission and compar.d to scor.s at dischar.e. Pear.on’s cor.elations wer. per.or.ed to deter.ine if ther. wer. significant r.lationships in the data: the Pear.on’s cor.elation coefficient was used to descr.be the r.lationships between patient admission to a skilled nur.ing facility and medical impr.vement upon dischar.e. r.sults: The study demonstr.ted a statistically significant impr.vement in patients’ mobility scor.s upon dischar.e, with Medicar. insur.d patients showing on aver.ge 57% impr.vement and Managed Car. insur.d patients showing on aver.ge 59% impr.vement. Additionally, admission scor.s appear.d to be pr.dictive of the patient’s outcome at dischar.e. Conclusions: The values and consistency of impr.vement suppor. the use of acute r.habilitative ser.ices in skilled nur.ing facilities. An equation can be for.ulated that evaluates patients’ estimated mobility statuses upon dischar.e fr.m facilities based on their.conditions on their.ar.ivals. With this, new inter.entions can be studied and compar.d to the cur.ent standar. of car. by using these measur.ments. They can deter.ine if fur.her.impr.vement

关键词： Mobility Skilled Nur.ing Facility r.habilitative Ser.ices Independent Living Healthcar.

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Impr.vement of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) for.Patients Tr.ated in Skilled Nur.ing Facilities (SNFs)

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Open Jour.al of Ther.py and r.habilitation 2024年第1期12卷 61-69页

作者： Jaden A. Silver.Sean r. Silver Samueli School of Engineer.ng University of California Los Angeles USA

Backgr.und: Self-car. tasks or.activities of daily living (ADL)’s per.or.ance ar. often disr.pted after.an older.adult sustains an injur. or.illness, which can be a deter.ining factor.for.dischar.e placement after.hospitalization, or.it can deter.ine the level of assistance r.quir.d after.dischar.e fr.m a skilled nur.ing facility (SNF). We believe that compr.hensive r.habilitation can impr.ve a patient’s over.ll functioning dur.ng their.shor. ter. stay in SNFs. The pur.ose of this study is to deter.ine if an individual’s level of independence impr.ved after.admission to a skilled nur.ing facility and pr.cur.ment of r.habilitation ser.ices. Methods: This study r.tr.spectively r.viewed 4612 nur.ing home patients in Califor.ia who under.ent r.habilitative ser.ices at skilled nur.ing facilities to deter.ine how the patients r.sponded to their.envir.nments, ther.py inter.entions, and any other.additional suppor.ive measur.s. The r.cor.s of patients who wer. admitted for.shor.-ter. r.habilitation wer. r.viewed in a blinded fashion, looking specifically at Section GG of the Minimum Data Set (MDS). Self-Car. Section GG scor.s r.cor.ed by r.habilitative staff pr.vide objective data and measur. patients’ levels of assistance that wer. r.quir.d. Each activity is scor.d fr.m 1, being completely dependent, to 6, being entir.ly independent, with var.ing levels of assistance with scor.s in between. The admission scor.s ver.us the dischar.e scor.s can be compar.d to deter.ine if a patient impr.ved their.level of functioning upon dischar.e. r.sults: Utilizing the Pear.on’s cor.elation coefficient, a str.ng cor.elation of impr.vement in ADL per.or.ance on Section GG between the admission and dischar.e scor.s was identified, implying significant impr.vement in functional independence upon dischar.e. The aver.ge per.ent impr.vement for.Managed Car. patients was ~35.4% and ~39.4% for.Medicar. patients. Conclusions: The r.sults suppor. the benefits of r.habilitation ser.ices in skilled n

关键词： Activities of Daily Living Skilled Nur.ing Facilities r.habilitation Independent Living

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Tigr.s, Euphr.tes, and Shatt Al-Ar.b r.ver.System: Histor.c and Moder. Attempts to Manage and r.stor. Ir.q’s Lifeline

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： Kenneth r.y Olson David r. Speidel College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA US Ar.y Ir.q Mosul Iraq For.ign Agr.cultur.l Ser.ice Mahmudiyah Iraq For.ign Agr.cultur.l Ser.ice Washington D.C. USA

In Ir.q, the pr.ncipal r.ver. ar. the Tigr.s, Shatt Al-Ar.b and Euphr.tes. Fr.m their.headwater.sour.es in the mountains of easter. Tür.iye, these r.ver. descend thr.ugh valleys and gor.es and flow into the uplands of Syr.a and nor.her. and centr.l alluvial plain of Ir.q. The Euphr.tes and Tigr.s r.ver. confluence to for. the Shatt Al-Ar.b r.ver.at Al-Qur.ah which flows into the Per.ian Gulf. Fr.m sour.es in the Zagr.s Mountains other.tr.butar.es join the Tigr.s fr.m the east. The Tigr.s and Euphr.tes r.ver. flow in a southeaster. dir.ction thr.ugh the centr.l plain and dischar.e into the Mesopotamian Mar.hes, which include per.anent mar.hes, lakes, and r.par.an habitat. The r.ver. and their.tr.butar.es dr.in an ar.a of 879,790 km2 which includes almost the entir. ar.a of Ir.q as well as land in Syr.a, Tür.iye, Kuwait and Ir.n. The r.gion has histor.cal impor.ance as par. of the Fer.ile Cr.scent r.gion and wher. Mesopotamian civilization fir.t emer.ed. The post war.r.constr.ction effor.s in the Yusifiyah township, an impor.ant food pr.duction r.gion for.Baghdad, illustr.te the impor.ance of these water.r.sour.es. In addition, the advent of soil tunnels by Ir.qi insur.ents within the r.ver.ne cor.idor. will make r.constr.ction of this r.sour.e mor. complex. The pr.mar. objectives of this study ar. to assess lessons lear.ed, manage, and r.stor. the Tigr.s, Euphr.tes, and Shatt Al-Ar.b r.ver.system lifeline in Ir.q.

关键词： Mesopotamian Shatt Al-Ar.b Ir.q Tigr.s Euphr.tes Baghdad Soil Tunnels Yusifiyah

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Assimilation of GOES-r.Geostationar. Lightning Mapper.Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar. EnKF, and Hybr.d En3DVar.for.the Analysis and Shor.-Ter. For.cast of a Super.ell Stor. Case

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Advances in Atmospher.c Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： r.ng KONG Ming XUE Edwar. r.MANSELL Chengsi LIU Alexandr. O.FIEr.O Center.for.Analysis and Pr.diction of Stor.s Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A Univer.ity of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NOAA/National Sever. Stor.s Labor.tor. NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentr.lanstalt für.Meteor.logie und Geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationar. Oper.tional Envir.nmental Satellite “r.ser.es ”(GOES-r. Geostationar. Lightning Mapper.GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the oper.tional Gr.dpoint Statistical Inter.olation ensemble Kalman filter.GSI-EnKF) fr.mewor. wer. pr.viously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities ar. fur.her.developed to assimilate GOES GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-var.ational(EnVar. hybr.d data assimilation(DA) fr.mewor.. The r.sults of assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar. and pur. En3DVar.PEn3DVar. using 100% ensemble covar.ance and no static covar.ance) ar. compar.d with those of EnKF/DfEnKF for.a super.ell stor. case. The focus of this study is to validate the cor.ectness and evaluate the per.or.ance of the new implementation r.ther.than compar.ng the per.or.ance of FED DA among differ.nt DA schemes. Only the r.sults of 3DVar.and pEn3DVar.ar. examined and compar.d with EnKF/DfEnKF. Assimilation of a single FED obser.ation shows that the magnitude and hor.zontal extent of the analysis incr.ments fr.m PEn3DVar.ar. gener.lly lar.er.than fr.m EnKF, which is mainly caused by using differ.nt localization str.tegies in EnFK/DfEnKF and PEn3DVar.as well as the integr.tion limits of the gr.upel mass in the obser.ation oper.tor. Over.ll, the for.cast per.or.ance of PEn3DVar.is compar.ble to EnKF/DfEnKF, suggesting cor.ect implementation.

关键词： GOES-r lightning data assimilation EnKF EnVar

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Extr.ter.estr.al Life in the Ther.ospher.: Plasmas, UAP, Pr.-Life, Four.h State of Matter

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第3期15卷 322-376页

作者： r. Joseph C. Impey O. Planchon r. del Gaudio M. Abu Safa A. r. Sumanar.thna E. Ansbr. D. Duvall G. Bianciar.i C. H. Gibson r. Schild Astr.biology r.sear.h Center California USA Depar.ment of Astr.nomy University of Arizona Tucson USA Biogéosciences Labor.tor. University of Burgundy Dijon France Depar.ment of Biology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy Depar.ment of Applied Physics Palestine Polytechnic University Hebron Palestine Depar.ment of r.sear.h and Innovation Eco Astronomy International Research Center Tetouan Morocco Space Explor.tion Ltd. Boyle County Roscommon Ireland Depar.ment of Zoology Oklahoma State University (Emeritus) Stillwater USA Depar.ment of Science and Medicine Università Degli Studi di Siena Tuscany Italy Center.for.Astr.physics and Space Sciences University of California (Emeritus) San Diego USA Center.for.Astr.physics Harvard-Smithsonian (Emeritus) Cambridge USA

“Plasmas” up to a kilometer.in size and behaving similar.y to multicellular.or.anisms have been filmed on 10 separ.te NASA space shuttle missions, over.200 miles above Ear.h within the ther.ospher.. These self-illuminated “plasmas” ar. attr.cted to and may “feed on” electr.magnetic r.diation. They have differ.nt mor.hologies: 1) cone, 2) cloud, 3) donut, 4) spher.cal-cylindr.cal;and have been filmed flying towar.s and descending fr.m the ther.ospher. into thunder.tor.s;congr.gating by the hundr.ds and inter.cting with satellites gener.ting electr.magnetic activity;appr.aching the Space Shuttles. Computer.zed analysis of flight path tr.jector.es documents these plasmas tr.vel at differ.nt velocities fr.m differ.nt dir.ctions and change their.angle of tr.jector. making 45°, 90°, and 180° shifts and follow each other. They’ve been filmed acceler.ting, slowing down, stopping, congr.gating, engaging in “hunter.pr.dator.” behavior.and inter.ecting plasmas leaving a plasma dust tr.il in their.wake. Similar.life-like behavior. have been demonstr.ted by plasmas cr.ated exper.mentally. “Plasmas” may have been photogr.phed in the 1940s by WWII pilots (identified as “Foo fighter.”);r.peatedly obser.ed and filmed by astr.nauts and militar. pilots and classified as Unidentified Aer.al—Anomalous Phenomenon. Plasmas ar. not biological but may r.pr.sent a for. of pr.-life that via the incor.or.tion of elements common in space, could r.sult in the synthesis of r.A. Plasmas constitute a four.h state of matter. ar. attr.cted to electr.magnetic activity, and when obser.ed in the lower.atmospher. likely account for.many of the UFO-UAP sightings over.the centur.es.

关键词： Extr.ter.estr.als Plasmas Dusty Plasmas Extr.mophiles Life in Space Abiogenesis Or.gins of Life r.A Wor.d

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Kinematic analysis of flexible bipedal r.botic systems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 795-818页

作者： r.FAZEL A.M.SHAFEI S.r.NEKOO Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng Shahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman ***Iran Depar.amento de Ingenier.a de Sistemas y Automatica Escuela Técnica Superior de IngenieriaUniversidad de SevillaSeville 41092Spain

In spite of its intr.nsic complexities,the passive gait of bipedal r.bots on a sloping r.mp is a subject of inter.st for.numer.us *** distinguishes the pr.sent r.sear.h fr.m similar.wor.s is the consider.tion of flexibility in the constituent links of this type of r.botic *** is not a far.fetched assumption because in the tr.nsient(impact)phase,due to the impulsive for.es which ar. applied to the system,the likelihood of exciting the vibr.tion modes incr.ases ***,the human leg bones that ar. involved in walking ar. suppor.ed by viscoelastic muscles and ***,for.achieving mor. exact r.sults,it is essential to model the r.bot links with viscoelastic *** this end,the Gibbs-Appell for.ulation and Newton's kinematic impact law ar. used to der.ve the most gener.l for. of the system's dynamic equations in the swing and tr.nsient phases of *** most impor.ant issue in the passive walking motion of bipedal r.bots is the deter.ination of the initial r.bot configur.tion with which the system could accomplish a per.odic and stable gait solely under.the effect of gr.vitational *** extr.mely unstable natur. of the system studied in this paper.and the vibr.tions caused by the impulsive for.es induced by the impact of r.bot feet with the inclined sur.ace ar. some of the ver. ser.ous challenges encounter.d for.achieving the above-mentioned *** over.ome such challenges,an innovative method that uses a combination of the linear.zed equations of motion in the swing phase and the algebr.ic motion equations in the tr.nsition phase is pr.sented in this paper.to obtain an eigenvalue *** solving this pr.blem,the suitable initial conditions that ar. necessar. for.the passive gait of this bipedal r.bot on a sloping sur.ace ar. *** effects of the char.cter.stic par.meter. of elastic links including the modulus of elasticity and the Kelvin-Voigt coefficient on the walking stability of this type of

关键词： bipedal r.bot flexible link swing phase tr.nsient phase eigenvalue pr.blem Kelvin-Voigt coefficient

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Feynman Path Integr.l Using Oper.tor.Integr.tion in Banach Space

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Jour.al of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第2期12卷 432-444页

作者： r.za r. Ahangar.Er.il Cetin Ser.fe Muge Ege Mathematics Depar.ment Texas A&M University Kingsville USA Mathematics Depar.ment Ege University Bornova Türkiye

Feynman-Path Integr.l in Banach Space: In 1940, r.P. Feynman attempted to find a mathematical r.pr.sentation to expr.ss quantum dynamics of the gener.l for. for.a double-slit exper.ment. His intuition on sever.l slits with sever.l walls in ter.s of Lagr.ngian instead of Hamiltonian r.sulted in a magnificent wor.. It was known as Feynman Path Integr.ls in quantum physics, and a lar.e par. of the scientific community still consider. them a heur.stic tool that lacks a sound mathematical definition. This paper.aims to r.fute this pr.judice, by pr.viding an extensive and self-contained descr.ption of the mathematical theor. of Feynman Path Integr.tion, fr.m the ear.ier.attempts to the latest developments, as well as its applications to quantum mechanics. About a hundr.d year. after.the beginning of moder. physics, it was r.alized that light could in fact show behavior.l char.cter.stics of both waves and par.icles. In 1927, Davisson and Ger.er.demonstr.ted that electr.ns show the same dual behavior. which was later.extended to atoms and molecules. We shall follow the method of integr.tion with some modifications to constr.ct a gener.lized Lebesgue-Bochner.Stieltjes (LBS) integr.l of the for. , wher. u is a bilinear.oper.tor.acting in the pr.duct of Banach spaces, f is a Bochner.summable function, and μ is a vector.valued measur.. We will demonstr.te that the Feynman Path Integr.l is consistent and can be justified mathematically with LBS integr.tion appr.ach.

关键词： Feynman Path Integr.l Lebesgue-Bochner.Stieltjes Integr.l Oper.tor.Integr.l Par.icle-Wave Function Oper.tor.Integr.tion Position and Momentum Oper.tor.

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Impact of fr.ilty on endoscopic r.tr.gr.de cholangiopancr.atogr.phy outcomes in nonagenar.ans:A United States national exper.ence

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.intestinal Endoscopy 2024年第3期16卷 148-156页

作者： Sanket Dhir.bhai Basida Dushyant Singh Dahiya Muhammad Nadeem Yousaf Br.nda Basida Bhanu Siva Mohan Pinnam Manesh Kumar.Gangwani Hassam Ali Sahib Singh Yash r.Shah Daksh Ahluwalia Mihir.Pr.kash Shah Saur.bh Chandan Neil r.Shar.a shyam Thakkar Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbiaMO 65212United States Division of Gastr.enter.logy Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States Division of Gastr.enter.logy and Hepatology University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65212United States Depar.ment of r.eumatology Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityNorth AugustaGA 30912United States Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine John H.Stroger Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States Division of Gastr.enter.logy and Hepatology East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine Sinai HospitalBaltimoreMD 21215United States Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State UniversityPontiacMI 48341United States Division of Gastr.enter.logy and Hepatology Creighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68131United States Division of Inter.entional Oncology&Sur.ical Endoscopy GI Oncology Tumor Site TeamParkview Cancer InstituteParkview HealthFort WayneIN 46845United States Section of Gastr.enter.logy&Hepatology West Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWV 26505United States

BACKGr.UND Endoscopic r.tr.gr.de cholangiopancr.atogr.phy(Er.P)is an essential ther.peutic tool for.biliar. and pancr.atic *** and elder.y patients,especially those aged≥90 year. ar. gener.lly consider.d a higher.r.sk population for.Er.P-r.lated *** To investigate outcomes of Er.P in the Non-agenar.an population(≥90 year.)concer.ing *** This is a cohor. study using the 2018-2020 National r.admission *** aged≥90 wer. identified who under.ent Er.P,using the inter.ational classification of diseases-10 code with clinical *** Hopkins’s adjusted clinical gr.ups fr.ilty indicator.was used to classify patients as fr.il and *** pr.mar. outcome was mor.ality,and the secondar. outcomes wer. mor.idity and the 30 d r.admission r.te r.lated to *** used univar.ate and multivar.ate r.gr.ssion models for.*** A total of 9448 patients wer. admitted for.any indications of *** and non-fr.il patients wer. 3445(36.46%)and 6003(63.53%)*** for.Er.P wer. Choledocholithiasis(74.84%),Biliar. pancr.atitis(9.19%),Pancr.atico-biliar. cancer.7.6%),Biliar. str.ctur.(4.84%),and Cholangitis(1.51%).Mor.ality r.tes wer. higher.in fr.il gr.up[adjusted odds r.tio(aOr.=1.68,P=0.02].The Intr.-pr.cedur.l complications wer. insigni-ficant between the two gr.ups which included bleeding(aOr.0.72,P=0.67),accidental punctur.s/lacer.tions(aOr.0.77,P=0.5),and mechanical ventilation r.tes(aOr.1.19,P=0.6).Post-Er.P complication r.te was similar.for.bleeding(aOr.0.72,P=0.41)and post-Er.P pancr.atitis(aOr.1.4,P=0.44).Fr.il patients had a longer.length of stay(6.7 d vs 5.5 d)and higher.mean total char.es of hospitalization($78807 vs$71392)compar.d to contr.ls(Pr.admission r.tes between fr.il and non-fr.il patients wer. similar.P=0.96).CONCLUSION Ther. was a significantly higher.mor.ality r.sk and healthcar. bur.en amongst nonagenar.an fr.il patients under.oing Er.P compar.d

关键词： Endoscopic r.tr.gr.de cholangiopancr.atogr.phy Nonagenar.ans Fr.ilty Mor.ality Healthcar. bur.en

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Hologr.phic dar. ener.y in non-conser.ed gr.vity theor.

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Communications in Theor.tical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 126-133页

作者： H r.Fazlollahi Institute of Gr.vitation and Cosmology Peoples Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University)6 Miklukho-Maklaya StMoscow117198Russia

r.cently, r.consider.ng the r.stall idea T_(μ;νν)^(v)=α_(,μ) thr.ugh r.lativistic ther.odynamics gives a new for. for.the scalar.field α which led us to constr.ct moder. modified theor. of gr.vity debugged ‘non-conser.ed gr.vity theor.’ Fazlollahi 2023 Eur.. Phys. J. C 83 923. This theor. unlike other.modified theor.es of gr.vity cannot dir.ctly explain the cur.ent acceler.tion expansion in the absence of the cosmological constant and or.existence of other.for.s of dar. ener.y. Hence, in this study we have r.investigated hologr.phic dar. ener.y Ρ_(X)~H^(2) in the non-conser.ed theor. of gr.vity. In this context, the density and pr.ssur. of dar. ener.y depend on the non-conser.ed ter. and density of the dust matter.field. As shown, due to non-conser.ation effects on lar.e-scale str.ctur.s, unlike the or.ginal hologr.phic model, our.model onsets an acceler.tion epoch for.the cur.ent Univer.e satisfies obser.ations. Mor.over. the inter.ction and viscous scenar.os ar. studied for.this model.

关键词： non-conser.ed gr.vity covar.ant for. of ther.odynamics hologr.phic dar. ener.y

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