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一种运动场地施工用单组分粘合剂性能表征及结果分析

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粘接 2024年第7期51卷 46-49页

作者：赵书云西安邮电大学陕西西安710100

以单组分脂肪族二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、1,2⁃丙二醇、1,4⁃丁二醇、双吗啉基二乙基醚为原料制备了体育运动场地施工用单组分聚氨酯粘合剂,并对其粘接性能进行了测试表征。结果发现,随着异氰酸酯基含量增加,单组分聚氨酯粘合... 详细信息

以单组分脂肪族二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、1,2⁃丙二醇、1,4⁃丁二醇、双吗啉基二乙基醚为原料制备了体育运动场地施工用单组分聚氨酯粘合剂,并对其粘接性能进行了测试表征。结果发现,随着异氰酸酯基含量增加,单组分聚氨酯粘合剂粘度逐渐降低,初粘强度逐渐缩小,终粘强度先增大后减小,拉伸强度逐渐增大,断裂伸长率先上升后极速下降;聚醚多元醇N220体系+异氰酸酯基+1,4⁃丁二醇制成的聚氨酯预聚体与聚醚多元醇N330体系+异氰酸酯基+1,2⁃丙二醇制成的聚氨酯预聚体按照质量比6∶4均匀混合制备而成粘合剂粘度较小,固化时间适度,粘接强度较好,整体性能优异。

关键词：塑胶跑道单组分聚氨酯粘合剂粘接性能

Influences of the Internal Mixing of Anthropogenic Aerosols on Global Aridity Change

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第5期32卷 723-733页

作者： Hua ZHANG Chen ZHOU shuyun zhao State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration

Influences of the mixing treatments of anthropogenic aerosols on their effective radiative forcing （ERF） and global aridity are evaluated by using the BCC_AGCM2.0_CUACE/Aero, an aerosol-climate online coupled model. Simula-tions show that the negative ERF due to external mixing （EM, a scheme in which all aerosol particles are treated as independent spheres formed by single substance） aerosols is largely reduced by the partial internal mixing （PIM, a scheme in which some of the aerosol particles are formed by one absorptive and one scattering substance） method. Compared to EM, PIM aerosols have much stronger absorptive ability and generally weaker hygroscopicity, which would lead to changes in radiative forcing, hence to climate. For the global mean values, the ERFs due to anthropo-genie aerosols since the pre-industrial are -1.02 and -1.68 W m^-2 for PIM and EM schemes, respectively. The vari-ables related to aridity such as global mean temperature, net radiation flux at the surface, and the potential evapora-tion capacity are all decreased by 2.18/1.61 K, 5.06/3.90 W m^-2, and 0.21/0.14 mm day^-1 since 1850 for EM and PIM schemes, respectively. According to the changes in aridity index, the anthropogenic aerosols have caused general hu-midification over central Asia, South America, Africa, and Australia, but great aridification over eastern China and the Tibetan Plateau since the pre-industrial in both mixing schemes. However, the aridification is considerably allevi-ated in China, but intensified in the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa in the PIM scheme.

关键词： global aridity internal mixing anthropogenic aerosols effective radiative forcing

Advances in Research on the ITCZ:Mean Position,Model Bias,and Anthropogenic Aerosol Influences

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第5期35卷 729-742页

作者： Hua ZHANG Xinyu MA shuyun zhao Linghan KONG Department of Atmospheric Science School of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078 Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

The zonal-mean position of the intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ)and its shift in the meridional direction significantly influence both the tropical and even global *** work reviews three aspects of the progress in ITCZ-relevant research:1)the mechanism behind the asymmetry of the ITCZ annual-and zonal-mean positions relative to the equator;2)causes of the double-ITCZ problem(pervasive in climate models)and the efforts to solve it;and 3)the physical mechanisms by which anthropogenic aerosols affect the location of the zonal-mean *** to recent studies,the north-of-the-equator location of the annual-and zonal-mean ITCZ is mainly driven by the cross-equatorial energy transports in the ocean,induced by the Atlantic overturning circulation.A quantitative relationship between the ITCZ shift and the anomalous cross-equatorial energy transport in the atmosphere has been ***,the double-ITCZ problem is still the most common and pronounced bias in tropical precipitation simulations with climate ***,some studies have found that simply correcting the biases in hemispheric energy contrast does not improve the simulation of the ITCZ with climate models;whereas others have found that improving model resolutions and convective parameterizations in climate models,such as entrainment rate,raindroplet re-evaporation,and convection triggering function,can alleviate the double-ITCZ ***,it seems that the double-ITCZ problem in climate models is rooted in the complex physics of the models,which is not yet *** addition,anthropogenic aerosols are suggested to be able to induce meridional shifts of the ITCZ,but through various physical *** aerosols like black carbon influence the ITCZ position basically via instantaneous absorption of shortwave radiation in the atmosphere,whereas scattering aerosols like sulfate affect the location of the ITCZ through the cloud lifetime effect and the subsequent response

关键词： intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ) cross-equatorial energy transport double-ITCZ aerosol

Improving Representation of Tropical Cloud Overlap in GCMs Based on Cloud-Resolving Model Data

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第2期32卷 233-245页

作者： Xianwen JING Hua ZHANG Masaki SATOH shuyun zhao Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo Kashiwa 2778564 Japan Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

The decorrelation length（Lcf） has been widely used to describe the behavior of vertical overlap of clouds in general circulation models（GCMs）; however, it has been a challenge to associate Lcf with the large-scale meteorological conditions during cloud evolution. This study explored the relationship between Lcf and the strength of atmospheric convection in the tropics based on output from a global cloud-resolving model. Lcf tends to increase with vertical velocity in the mid-troposphere（w500） at locations of ascent, but shows little or no dependency on w500 at locations of descent. A representation of Lcf as a function of vertical velocity is obtained, with a linear regression in ascending regions and a constant value in descending regions. This simple and dynamic-related representation of Lcf leads to a significant improvement in simulation of both cloud cover and radiation fields compared with traditional overlap treatments. This work presents a physically justifiable approach to depicting cloud overlap in the tropics in GCMs.

关键词： cloud overlap decorrelation length cloud-resolving model Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model(NICAM)

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模式垂直分辨率对模拟ENSO遥相关的影响

热带气象学报 2024年第3期40卷 477-490页

作者：姜薇王五科赵树云王泓月朱锦涛中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院大气科学系湖北武汉430078 中国气象局-中国地质大学(武汉)极端天气气候与水文地质灾害研究中心湖北武汉430078 湖北省大气复合污染研究中心湖北武汉430078

模式分辨率对气候模式的模拟效果具有重要影响。然而,当前模式开发对于垂直分辨率的重视不够。以ENSO(厄尔尼诺-南方涛动)遥相关为例,利用CESM(Community Earth System Model)模式,探究不同模式垂直分辨率设置下模式模拟的ENSO对平流层... 详细信息

模式分辨率对气候模式的模拟效果具有重要影响。然而,当前模式开发对于垂直分辨率的重视不够。以ENSO(厄尔尼诺-南方涛动)遥相关为例,利用CESM(Community Earth System Model)模式,探究不同模式垂直分辨率设置下模式模拟的ENSO对平流层、对流层影响的差异,评估模式垂直分辨率在气候模拟中的重要性。结果表明,提高垂直分辨率可以显著改进模式对ENSO遥相关的模拟能力。以ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)第五代再分析数据集(ERA5)为参照,ENSO对纬向平均温度的影响在北半球中高纬地区冬季呈现出“负正负”的三极子模态。CESM默认的垂直分辨率设置(L66)不能模拟出这一模态,而提高模式垂直分辨率(L103)后则可以较好地模拟出这个模态。对于水平分布而言,L66模拟的ENSO在对流层的信号与再分析资料相比明显偏强,L103则可以显著改善。同时,L103对ENSO影响平流层的模拟效果也比L66有所改善。进一步分析发现,L103模拟的行星波从对流层向平流层的传播更强,更接近再分析资料。提高垂直分辨率可以改善模式对大气波活动以及平流层-对流层动力耦合的模拟,重视模式的研发。

关键词：模式垂直分辨率 ENSO的气候效应平流层-对流层耦合

A Modeling Study of Effective Radiative Forcing and Climate Response Due to Tropospheric Ozone

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第7期33卷 819-828页

作者： Bing XIE Hua ZHANG Zhili WANG shuyun zhao Qiang FU Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmosphere ScienceLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 Laboratory for Climate Studies of China Meteorological Administration National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of WashingtonSeattle98195USA

This study simulates the effective radiative forcing （ERF） of tropospheric ozone from 1850 to 2013 and its effects on global climate using an aerosol-climate coupled model, BCC_AGCM2.0. I_CUACE/Aero, in combination with OMI （Ozone Monitoring Instrument） satellite ozone data. According to the OMI observations, the global annual mean tropospheric col- umn ozone （TCO） was 33.9 DU in 2013, and the largest TCO was distributed in the belts between 30°N and 45°N and at approximately 30°S; the annual mean TCO was higher in the Northern Hemisphere than that in the Southern Hemisphere; and in boreal summer and autumn, the global mean TCO was higher than in winter and spring. The simulated ERF due to the change in tropospheric ozone concentration from 1850 to 2013 was 0.46 W m-2, thereby causing an increase in the global annual mean surface temperature by 0.36°C, and precipitation by 0.02 mm d-1 （the increase of surface temperature had a significance level above 95%）. The surface temperature was increased more obviously over the high latitudes in both hemispheres, with the maximum exceeding 1.4°C in Siberia. There were opposite changes in precipitation near the equator, with an increase of 0.5 mm d- 1 near the Hawaiian Islands and a decrease of about -0.6 mm d- 1 near the middle of the Indian Ocean.

关键词： tropospheric ozone effective radiative forcing climate effect BCC_AGCM2.0. I_CUACE/Aero

U-Net: A deep-learning method for improving summer precipitation forecasts in China

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2023年第4期16卷 8-14页

作者： Qimin Deng Peirong Lu shuyun zhao Naiming Yuan Department of Atmospheric Science CMA-CUG Joint Centre for Severe Weather and Climate and Hydro-geological HazardsChina University of GeosciencesWuhanChina School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiChina

本研究应用了名为U-Net的深度学习方法来提高中国夏季(6–8月)降水的预报技能,预报时段为1981–2020年,预报提前期为一个月.将位势高度场,土壤湿度,海平面气压,海表面温度,海洋盐度和青藏高原积雪等变量作为模型输入,本文对美国NCAR气... 详细信息

本研究应用了名为U-Net的深度学习方法来提高中国夏季(6–8月)降水的预报技能,预报时段为1981–2020年,预报提前期为一个月.将位势高度场,土壤湿度,海平面气压,海表面温度,海洋盐度和青藏高原积雪等变量作为模型输入,本文对美国NCAR气候预报系统第2版(CFSv2)的季节性预报结果进行了修正.结果显示,在验证集和测试集上,U-Net平均将原CFSv2预测的均方根误差分别减少了49.7%和42.7%.预报结果改善最大的地区是中国的西北,西南和东南地区.然而,同号率和时空相关系数没有得到明显改善,但仍与CFSv2的预测技巧持平.敏感性实验表明,土壤湿度是预测中国夏季降雨的最关键因素,其次是位势高度场.本研究显示了U-Net模型在训练小样本数据集方面的优势,为我国汛期季节性降雨预测提供了一种有效的深度学习方法.

关键词：汛期降水 U-Net 次季节预报深度学习

Updated Simulation of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Radiative Forcing over the Globe and China Based on a Newly Developed Chemistry–Climate Model

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第4期36卷 553-573页

作者： Qi AN Hua ZHANG shuyun zhao Tijian WANG Qianxia LIU Zaizhi WANG Sunling GONG Bing XIE Yi LIU Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Department of Atmospheric Science School of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074 School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023 CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Center China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081 Key Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Carbon Neutrality Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029

This study evaluates the performance of a newly developed atmospheric chemistry–climate model,BCCAGCM_CUACE2.0(Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model_China Meteorological Administration Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment)model,for determining past(2010)and future(2050)tropospheric ozone(O_(3))*** radiative forcing(RF),effective radiative forcing(ERF),and rapid adjustments(RAs,both atmospheric and cloud)due to changes in tropospheric O_(3)are then simulated by using the *** results show that the model reproduces the tropospheric O_(3)distribution and the seasonal changes in O_(3)surface concentration in 2010 reasonably compared with site observations throughout *** global annual mean burden of tropospheric O_(3)is simulated to have increased by 14.1 DU in 2010 relative to pre-industrial time,particularly in the Northern *** the same period,tropospheric O_(3)burden has increased by 21.1 DU in China,with the largest increase occurring over Southeast *** the simulated tropospheric O_(3)burden exhibits a declining trend in global mean in the future,it increases over South Asia and Africa,according to the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)4.5 and 8.5 *** global annual mean ERF of tropospheric O_(3)is estimated to be 0.25 W m^(−2)in 1850−2010,and it is 0.50 W m^(−2)over *** corresponding atmospheric and cloud RAs caused by the increase of tropospheric O_(3)are estimated to be 0.02 and 0.03 W m^(−2),*** the RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6.0,and RCP8.5 scenarios,the annual mean tropospheric O_(3)ERFs are projected to be 0.29(0.24),0.18(0.32),0.23(0.32),and 0.25(0.01)W m^(−2)over the globe(China),respectively.

关键词： tropospheric ozone effective radiative forcing rapid adjustments

Enhanced Redox Electrocatalysis in High‑Entropy Perovskite Fluorides by Tailoring d–p Hybridization

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 333-350页

作者： Xudong Li Zhuomin Qiang Guokang Han shuyun Guan Yang zhao Shuaifeng Lou Yongming Zhu Department of Applied Chemistry Harbin Institute of Technology at WeihaiWeihai 264209People’s Republic of China MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China

High-entropy catalysts featuring exceptional properties are,in no doubt,playing an increasingly significant role in aprotic lithium-oxygen *** extensive effort devoted to tracing the origin of their unparalleled performance,the relationships between multiple active sites and reaction intermediates are still ***,enlightened by theoretical screening,we tailor a high-entropy perovskite fluoride(KCoMnNiMgZnF_(3)-HEC)with various active sites to overcome the limitations of conventional catalysts in redox *** entropy effect modulates the d-band center and d orbital occupancy of active centers,which optimizes the d–p hybridization between catalytic sites and key intermediates,enabling a moderate adsorption of LiO_(2)and thus reinforcing the reaction *** a result,the Li–O2 battery with KCoMnNiMgZnF_(3)-HEC catalyst delivers a minimal discharge/charge polarization and long-term cycle stability,preceding majority of traditional catalysts *** encouraging results provide inspiring insights into the electron manipulation and d orbital structure optimization for advanced electrocatalyst.

关键词： Lithium-oxygen batteries KCoMnNiMgZnF_(3)-HEC perovskite fluoride Entropy effect Catalytic kinetics d-p orbital hybridization