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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 289-296页

作者： Tongshuo BAI Yunpeng QIU shuijin hu Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Entomology&Plant Pathology North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27695USA

Plant roots and their associated mycorrhizal fungi critically mediate the decomposition of soil organic carbon(C),but the general patterns of their impacts over a broad geographical range and the primary mediating factors remain *** on a synthesis of 596 paired observations from both field and greenhouse experiments,we found that living roots and/or mycorrhizal fungi increased organic C decomposition by 30.9%,but low soil nitrogen(N)availability(i.e.,high soil C:N ratio)critically mitigated this promotion *** addition,the positive effects of living roots and/or mycorrhizal fungi on organic C decomposition were higher under herbaceous and leguminous plants than under woody and non-leguminous plants,***,there was no significant difference between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi in their effects on organic C ***,roots and/or mycorrhizal fungi significantly enhanced the decomposition of leaf litter but not root *** findings advance our understanding of how roots and their symbiotic fungi modulate soil C dynamics in the rhizosphere or mycorrhizosphere and may help improve predictions of soil global C balance under a changing climate.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ectomycorrhizal fungi leaf litter leguminous plant mycorhizosphere rhizosphere root litter soil C:N ratio

Climate warming suppresses abundant soil fungal taxa and reduces soil carbon efflux in a semi-arid grassland

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mLife 2023年第4期2卷 389-400页

作者： Yunpeng Qiu Kangcheng Zhang Yunfeng Zhao Yexin Zhao Bianbian Wang Yi Wang Tangqing He Xinyu Xu Tongshuo Bai Yi Zhang shuijin hu College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina Ningxia Yunwu Mountains Grassland Natural Reserve Administration GuyuanChina State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'anChina Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of TokyoTokyoJapan Department of Entomology&Plant Pathology North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA

Soil microorganisms critically affect the ecosystem carbon(C)balance and C-climate feedback by directly controlling organic C decomposition and indirectly regulating nutrient availability for plant C ***,the effects of climate change drivers such as warming,precipitation change on soil microbial communities,and C dynamics remain poorly *** a long-term field warming and precipitation manipulation in a semi-arid grassland on the Loess Plateau and a complementary incubation experiment,here we show that warming and rainfall reduction differentially affect the abundance and composition of bacteria and fungi,and soil C *** significantly reduced the abundance of fungi but not bacteria,increasing the relative dominance of bacteria in the soil microbial *** particular,warming shifted the community composition of abundant fungi in favor of oligotrophic Capnodiales and Hypocreales over potential saprotroph ***,precipitation reduction increased soil total microbial biomass but did not significantly affect the abundance or diversity of ***,the community composition of abundant,but not rare,soil fungi was significantly correlated with soil CO_(2) *** findings suggest that alterations in the fungal community composition,in response to changes in soil C and moisture,dominate the microbial responses to climate change and thus control soil C dynamics in semi-arid grasslands.

关键词： climate warming microbial diversity precipitation reduction soil carbon dynamics

The grassland carbon cycle:Mechanisms,responses to global changes,and potential contribution to carbon neutrality

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Fundamental Research 2023年第2期3卷 209-218页

作者： Lingli Liu Emma J.Sayer Meifeng Deng Ping Li Weixing Liu Xin Wang Sen Yang Junsheng huang Jie Luo Yanjun Su JoséM.Grünzweig Lin Jiang shuijin hu Shilong Piao State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUnited Kingdom Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichZurich 8057Switzerland Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 7610001Israel School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology310 Ferst DriveAtlantaGA 30332United States Department of Plant Pathology North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27607United States Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China National hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Grassland is one of the largest terrestrial biomes,providing critical ecosystem services such as food production,biodiversity conservation,and climate change *** climate change and land-use intensification have been causing grassland degradation and desertification *** one of the primary medium for ecosystem energy flow and biogeochemical cycling,grassland carbon(C)cycling is the most fundamental process for maintaining ecosystem *** this review,we first summarize recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning spatial and temporal patterns of the grassland C cycle,discuss the importance of grasslands in regulating inter-and intra-annual variations in global C fluxes,and explore the previously unappreciated complexity in abiotic processes controlling the grassland C balance,including soil inorganic C accumulation,photochemical and thermal degradation,and wind *** also discuss how climate and land-use changes could alter the grassland C balance by modifying the water budget,nutrient cycling and additional plant and soil ***,we examine why and how increasing aridity and improper land use may induce significant losses in grassland C ***,we identify several priorities for future grassland C research,including improving understanding of abiotic processes in the grassland C cycle,strengthening monitoring of grassland C dynamics by integrating ground inventory,flux monitoring,and modern remote sensing techniques,and selecting appropriate plant species combinations with suitable traits and strong resistance to climate fluctuations,which would help design sustainable grassland restoration strategies in a changing climate.

关键词： Climate changes Land-use change Soil Biotic and abiotic interactions Grassland degradation Grassland restoration Carbon accounting Carbon storage and sequestration mechanisms

Precision breeding and molecular mechanisms of indeterminate inflorescence regulation by BnFAL1s in Brassica napus

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Precision breeding and molecular mechanisms of indeterminate...

Can the scaling of plant nitrogen to phosphorus be altered by global change? An empirical test

第二十届中国作物学会学术年会

作者： Mengjie Gong Hao Qu shuijin hu Lixi Jiang Yang Zhu Zhejiang University Institute of Crop Sciences Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The allopolyploid oil crop Brassica napus with indeterminate inflorescences bears intrinsic limitations in plant architecture improvement, which triggers precision breeding for determinate or semi-determinate inflorescence structures by genetic improvement. However, the highly-ordered balance between indeterminate and determinate inflorescence development remains largely unclear in rapeseed. This study utilizes the core world-wide accessions of Brassica napus to investigate the inflorescence structures by both canonical and machined-based quantitative phenotyping. Comprehensive multi-omics analysis would screen out a number of key genes involved in inflorescence indetermination-to-determination balancing. To create a series of BnFAL1s mutants and transgenic plants with biologically active fusion proteins would decipher the in-depth mechanisms of how the three homologous BnFAL1s contribute to progressive changes into inflorescence determination. Different Bn FAL1 homologs domestically diverge to novel agronomic functions due to different protein structures and specificity of interaction protein complexes with BnFAL1-IPs, which preferably target to several downstream indeterminate inflorescence regulators BnFAL2s homologs. Genome editing on either CDS or regulatory elements of BnFAL1s and BnFAL2s would precisely alter the balance of indeterminate and determinate inflorescence growth. To further modify those targeted genomic sites in elite culivars would promisingly speed the progress of breeding lines with features of early flowering time and compact inflorescence.

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 442-449页

作者： Min Long Juanjuan Zhang Zhengyi Liu Luyao Zhou Fanglong Su Rui Xiao Yi Wang hui Guo shuijin hu Department of Ecology College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China Department of Ecology Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275China Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510650China Department of Ecology School of Life ScienceHenan UniversityKaifengHenan 475000China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anShaanxi 710061China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

全球变化可能引起土壤中各种养分的供应失衡,进而导致陆地植物中氮(N)和磷(P)元素化学计量学的不平衡。前人的研究报道了全球变化因子对植物N、P含量和N:P的影响,但鲜有研究探讨全球变化因子是否影响以及如何影响这两种元素之间的异速... 详细信息

全球变化可能引起土壤中各种养分的供应失衡,进而导致陆地植物中氮(N)和磷(P)元素化学计量学的不平衡。前人的研究报道了全球变化因子对植物N、P含量和N:P的影响,但鲜有研究探讨全球变化因子是否影响以及如何影响这两种元素之间的异速关系。本研究利用改变降水(增雨和干旱)、增温和N添加处理的野外控制试验,结合异速函数N=βPα(或对数转换后的线性关系:Log N=Logβ+αLog P),检验了中国西北地区黄土高原半干旱草原植物N和P化学计量特征及N和P之间的异速关系对这些全球变化因子的响应。研究结果表明,干旱和增温均降低了植物P浓度,N添加增加了植物N浓度,这些都导致植物N:P增加。干旱、增温和N添加没有显著改变植物N和P浓度之间异速关系的斜率(即N和P浓度对数转换后的线性关系斜率α),但是显著增加了其截距(Logβ)。这些结果表明,全球变化因子可能不会影响植物N和P之间的协同变化关系,植物中N和P之间可能存在着紧密的耦合关系。这些结果将有助于我们更好地理解全球变化背景下的植物养分动态和元素平衡。

关键词：气候变化元素耦合 N添加养分循环化学计量学

Enhanced allelopathy and competitive ability of invasive plant Solidago canadensis in its introduced range

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第3期6卷 253-263页

作者： Yongge Yuan Bing Wang Shanshan Zhang Jianjun Tang Cong Tu shuijin hu Jean W.H.Yong Xin Chen College of Life Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Plant Pathogen North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Singapore University of Technology and Design 279623 Singapore Yunnan Academy of Forestry Kunming 650200China

Aims Why invasive plants are more competitive in their introduced range than native range is still an unanswered question in plant invasion ***,we used the model invasive plant Solidago canaden-sis to test a hypothesis that enhanced production of allelopathic compounds results in greater competitive ability of invasive plants in the invaded range rather than in the native *** also exam-ined the degree to which the allelopathy contributes increased com-petitive ability of *** in the invaded *** We compared allelochemical production by *** growing in its native area(the USA)and invaded area(China)and also by populations that were collected from the two countries and grown together in a'common garden'greenhouse *** also tested the allelopathic effects of *** collected from either the USA or China on the germination of Kummerowia striata(a native plant in China).Finally,we conducted a common garden,greenhouse experiment in which *** was grown in monocul-ture or with *** from the USA or China to test the effects of allopathy on plant-plant competition with suitable controls such as adding activated carbon to the soil to absorb the allelochemicals and thereby eliminating any corresponding allopathic *** findings Allelochemical contents(total phenolics,total flavones and total saponins)and allelopathic effects were greater in *** sampled from China than those from the USA as demonstrated in a field survey and a common garden *** of ***-ata germination using *** extracts or previously grown in soil was greater using samples from China than from the *** competitive ability of *** against *** was also greater for plants originating from China than those from the *** could explain about 46%of the *** find-ings demonstrated that *** has evolved to be more allelo-pathic and competitive in the introdu

关键词： allelopathy biogeographical approach common garden experiment competition invasion speciesreceived

秸秆还田对中国农田土壤节肢动物数量及多样性影响的整合分析

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生态学报 2023年第5期43卷 2013-2023页

作者：杨家伟白彤硕吴彬赵叶新裴诗宇叶成龙胡水金南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院南京210095 北卡罗来纳州立大学昆虫和植物病理学系罗利27695

秸秆还田是提高土壤生物数量和多样性的有效手段,但土壤节肢动物对秸秆还田的响应尚未明确。搜集2005到2020年国内有关秸秆还田对农田土壤节肢动物数量及多样性影响的25篇田间试验文献,分别获得230对土壤节肢动物数量数据和112对土壤节... 详细信息

秸秆还田是提高土壤生物数量和多样性的有效手段,但土壤节肢动物对秸秆还田的响应尚未明确。搜集2005到2020年国内有关秸秆还田对农田土壤节肢动物数量及多样性影响的25篇田间试验文献,分别获得230对土壤节肢动物数量数据和112对土壤节肢动物多样性数据,并采用整合分析方法探究不同气候类型、土层深度、种植制度、秸秆还田量、还田方式及还田时间下秸秆还田对农田土壤节肢动物数量及多样性的影响。结果表明,与不还田相比,秸秆还田总体上显著增加了农田土壤节肢动物的数量,但在亚热带季风气候区或还田时间大于5 a时,秸秆还田对节肢动物数量的增加效应则不显著;此外,秸秆还田对土壤节肢动物数量的促进作用还受到节肢动物体型的影响,秸秆还田显著增加土壤中小型节肢动物的数量,特别是蜱螨目类土壤节肢动物,但是对大型土壤节肢动物的促进作用并不显著。秸秆还田总体上也提高了农田土壤节肢动物的多样性,特别是在温带季风气候、年均温小于5℃、年均降水量小于600 mm、秸秆还田量大于10000 kg/hm^(2)、轮作以及还田时间大于5 a这些条件下,秸秆还田能显著提高土壤节肢动物的多样性。回归分析结果显示随着秸秆还田时间的增加,土壤节肢动物数量的增加率显著降低,而随着秸秆还田量的增加,节肢动物数量的增加率则显著升高;节肢动物多样性的增加率随着年均降水量的增加显著降低,而随着秸秆还田时间和还田量的增加显著升高。以上结果表明,秸秆还田有助于提高农田土壤节肢动物的数量和多样性,但此效应会受到气候因子及农田管理方式的影响。

关键词：秸秆还田土壤节肢动物数量多样性整合分析

氮添加对高寒草甸土壤微生物呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响

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生态学报 2018年第7期38卷 2279-2287页

作者：叶成龙张浩周小龙周显辉郭辉胡水金南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院南京210095 兰州大学生命科学学院兰州730000

土壤氮素的可利用性是控制土壤微生物呼吸的重要因素之一,大量研究已经表明增加土壤活性氮的含量可以降低微生物呼吸,但是土壤氮输入对土壤微生物呼吸温度敏感性的影响还不清楚。以青藏高原高寒草甸为研究对象,通过野外施氮试验和室内... 详细信息

土壤氮素的可利用性是控制土壤微生物呼吸的重要因素之一,大量研究已经表明增加土壤活性氮的含量可以降低微生物呼吸,但是土壤氮输入对土壤微生物呼吸温度敏感性的影响还不清楚。以青藏高原高寒草甸为研究对象,通过野外施氮试验和室内控制试验相结合的方式,在5℃、15℃和25℃条件下对3种施氮水平的土壤(对照,0g N m^(-2)a^(-1);低氮,5g N m^(-2)a^(-1);高氮,15g N m^(-2)a^(-1))进行培养,探讨土壤微生物呼吸及其温度敏感性对不同氮添加水平的响应情况。结果表明:(1)3个温度培养下的土壤微生物呼吸速率和累积碳释放量均随施氮量的增加而显著降低(P<0.05);(2)氮添加对5℃和15℃培养条件下的微生物呼吸温度敏感性没有显著影响,但显著地增加了15℃和25℃培养条件下的微生物呼吸温度敏感性(P<0.05);(3)线性相关分析表明,土壤累积碳释放量与土壤有机碳的难降解性显著负相关(P<0.05),而15℃和25℃培养条件下的微生物呼吸温度敏感性与土壤有机碳的难降解性显著正相关(P<0.05)。结果表明,在全球气候变暖的背景下,土壤氮输入将增加预测青藏高原高寒草甸地区土壤碳排放的不确定性。

关键词：高寒草甸氮添加土壤微生物呼吸温度敏感性

火烧对黄土高原草地土壤氮素净矿化速率和净硝化速率的影响

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南京农业大学学报 2017年第6期40卷 1051-1057页

作者：张琳王益舒梦张艺李真郭辉李春越胡水金南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院生态系统生态学实验室江苏南京210095 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室陕西西安710061 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院陕西西安710119 北卡罗来纳州立大学昆虫和植物病理学系美国北卡27695

[目的]封育是半干旱地区退化草地植被恢复的有效措施。封育后植被恢复会形成大量的凋落物,从而引起自然或人为火烧。火烧改变了土壤微生物特性和养分动态。本文旨在探究火烧对黄土高原典型草地养分(特别是氮)循环的影响。[方法]以宁夏... 详细信息

[目的]封育是半干旱地区退化草地植被恢复的有效措施。封育后植被恢复会形成大量的凋落物,从而引起自然或人为火烧。火烧改变了土壤微生物特性和养分动态。本文旨在探究火烧对黄土高原典型草地养分(特别是氮)循环的影响。[方法]以宁夏回族自治区云雾山国家级自然保护区封育34年的典型草地作为研究对象,分别采集新烧地、火烧后1年和火烧后2年的对照和火烧土壤样品(共计6个处理),比较分析土壤上层(0~5 cm)和下层(5~25 cm)总碳、总氮含量,无机态氮(铵态氮和硝态氮)含量,微生物生物量碳、氮含量,氮素净矿化速率和氮素净硝化速率等指标的变化。[结果]火烧处理仅显著影响了上层土壤的性质。火烧显著降低了新烧地上层土壤的总氮含量、微生物生物量碳和氮含量;同时,新烧地上层的铵态氮、硝态氮、无机态氮含量和土壤基础呼吸显著高于对照,而火烧后2年则显著低于对照;土壤氮素净矿化速率和净硝化速率均随火烧年限的增加而呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势。[结论]火烧提高了短时期内黄土高原典型草地土壤的氮素可利用性和微生物活性,有利于新植物的生长。

关键词：火烧无机态氮微生物生物量碳和氮氮矿化氮硝化

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磷灰石矿物的微生物改性及其应用

生物加工过程 2017年第4期15卷 51-56,68页

作者：苏慕田达李真胡水金南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院江苏南京210095

磷灰石中储藏着地球上90%以上的磷(P),是一种应用非常广泛的矿物材料,已成为矿物、生物、医学和环境领域的研究热点。然而,磷灰石矿物极低的溶解度限制了其在众多领域的应用效率,同时也是自然界生物地球化学循环中磷素输入的主要限制因... 详细信息

磷灰石中储藏着地球上90%以上的磷(P),是一种应用非常广泛的矿物材料,已成为矿物、生物、医学和环境领域的研究热点。然而,磷灰石矿物极低的溶解度限制了其在众多领域的应用效率,同时也是自然界生物地球化学循环中磷素输入的主要限制因子。自然界中的溶磷微生物能促进磷灰石矿物的溶解,提高磷灰石中磷的利用效率。本文中,笔者综述了微生物对磷灰石矿物的改性作用及其在农业、环境领域中的应用,为磷灰石在肥料开发、环境修复、磷化工、生物医学等方面的拓展应用提供借鉴。

关键词：磷灰石溶磷微生物生物肥料磷矿物材料环境修复