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论灾害事故预防应对的调查评估问题

灾害学 2025年第1期40卷 1-7,85页

作者：刘传正米文忠黄帅应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院北京100085 清华大学合肥公共安全研究院灾害事故调查评估应急管理部重点实验室北京100084

为了推动我国灾害事故预防应对调查评估工作的科学化与规范化发展,该文通过界定灾害事故类型,探讨了灾害事故预防应对调查评估的目的任务、工作原则、工作方法、工作组织和成果应用方面的基本问题。灾害事故被划分为灾害、事故、灾害事... 详细信息

为了推动我国灾害事故预防应对调查评估工作的科学化与规范化发展,该文通过界定灾害事故类型,探讨了灾害事故预防应对调查评估的目的任务、工作原则、工作方法、工作组织和成果应用方面的基本问题。灾害事故被划分为灾害、事故、灾害事故(链)和事故灾害(链)四类。调查评估目的任务明确为认定事实、查找问题、分析原因并提出对策措施。在工作原则上,强调了6个方面:事实依据、法规准绳、认知判断、沟通协调、良知底线和素质保障。工作方法涵盖了现场勘查、档案查阅、访谈问询、检测试验、分析计算、模拟仿真、成因论证和性质界定等8个环节。工作组织或调查机构组成包括综合协调组、法规管理组、技术工作组和专家顾问组。成果应用范畴包括即时政策制定、法规标准制修订、管理体制改革以及工作机制完善等领域。

关键词：灾害事故预防应对调查评估工作原则工作方法

Intelligent Surfaces Thermally Switchable between the Highly Rough and Entirely Smooth States

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2021年第12期39卷 1609-1616页

作者： Meng Wang Da Chu Li Liu shuai Huang Xu-Man Chen zhi-Yang Liu Hong Yang Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsInstitute of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189China

Reversible switching from a highly rough surface to another entirely smooth surface under external stimuli is crucial for intelligent materials applied in the fields of an ti-foggi ng,self-clea ning,oil-water separati on and biotech no *** this work,a thermal-responsive liquid crystal elastomer(LCE)surface covered with oriented micropillars is prepared via a facile two-step crosslinking method coupled with an extrusion molding *** reversible change of topological structures of the LCE surface along with temperature is investigated by metallographic microscope,atomic force microscopy and optical con tact angle measuring *** room temperature,the LCE sample is filled with plenty of micropillars with an average len gth of 8.76 pm,resulting in a super-hydrophobic surface with a water con tact angle(WCA)of 135°.When the temperature is in creased to above the cleari ng point,all the micropillars disappear,the LCE surface becomes entirely flat and presents a hydrophilic state with a WCA of 64°.The roughness-related wetting property of this microstructured LCE surface possesses good recyclability in several heating/cooling *** work realizes a truly reversible transformation from a highly rough surface to an entirely smooth surface,and might promote the potential applications of this dynamic-responsive LCE surface in smart sensors and biomimetic control devices.

关键词： Intelligent surface Liquid crystal elastomer Switchable topological structure

Effect of microstructure evolution on Luders strain and tensile properties in an intercritical annealing medium-Mn steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第6期28卷 762-772页

作者： shuai Wang Wei-jian Chen Zheng-zhi Zhao Xiao-long Zhao Xiao-yang Luo Qiang Wang Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Laboratory for Modern Transportation Advanced Metal Materials and Processing Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Carbon Steel and Thin Slab Factory of Hongxing Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.Jiuquan Iron and Steel GroupJiayuguan 735100GansuChina

The influence of microstructural characteristics on Lu¨ders strain and mechanical properties was explored by means of altering thermo-mechanical circumstances in an intercritical annealing(IA)medium-Mn Fe-11Mn-0.09C-0.25Si(wt.%)*** IA of cold-rolled samples with severe plastic deformation,exclusively equiaxed dual phases were obtained because of active recovery and *** equiaxed austenite(gamma E)with a larger size and inadequate chemical concentration was more readily transformed into martensite,and subsequent transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)effect was triggered actively at relatively higher IA temperature,lessening localized *** addition,grown-in dislocations were prone to multiply and migrate around a broad mean free path for coarser equiaxed ferrite(alpha E)due to weakening dynamic recovery;therefore,it was the ensuing increased mobility of dislocations instead of reserving plentiful initial dislocation density that facilitated the propagation velocity of Luders bands and the accumulation of work *** contrast,the bimodal-grained microstructure with lath-like and equiaxed austenite(gamma L+gamma E)satisfactorily contributed to a smaller yield point elongation(YPE)without compromise of comprehensive mechanical properties on the grounds that austenitic gradient stability gave rise to discontinuous but sustainable TRIP effect and incremental work ***,Luders strain is closely related to the absence of work hardening in the region which yields *** follows that the decreased stability of retained austenite,favorable mobility of dislocations and the bimodal-grained structure all prominently make up for the insufficiency of work hardening,thereof resulting in a limited YPE.

关键词： Luders strain Medium-Mn steel Work hardening Dislocation Mechanical property

Distribution ratio of sulfur between high alumina slag and carbonsaturated iron

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第9期30卷 1732-1742页

作者： shuai Wang Ying Jiang Yu-feng Guo Feng Chen Ling-zhi Yang Zhuang Yang Guang Li School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina

High alumina slag is widely found in pyrometallurgical extractions of ferronickel,ferrochromium,and platinum group *** effects of MgO,Al_(2)O_(3),and CaO/SiO_(2) on the sulfur distribution ratio between high-alumina CaO–SiO_(2)–MgO–Al_(2)O_(3) slag and carbon-saturated iron were *** slag consisted of Al_(2)O_(3) content in the range of 27.61–40.00 wt.%,CaO/SiO_(2) ratio of 0.8–1.1,and MgO content of 8–16 wt.%.The theoretical liquid areas of CaO–SiO_(2)–MgO–Al_(2)O_(3) slag were analyzed through the phase *** sulfur distribution ratio was measured via the slag–metal equilibrium technique at 1500º*** was observed that the sulfur distribution ratio increased with higher MgO content and higher CaO/SiO_(2) ratio largely due to the increase in free O^(2-)ions and the decrease in activity coefficient of sulfur ion in slag,but slightly decreased with the increasing Al_(2)O_(3) content because of the decrease in free O^(2-).

关键词： Sulfur distribution ratio High alumina slag Liquid area Slag–metal equilibrium Optical basicity

Probability-Based Analyses of the Snap-Through in Cage-Shaped Mesostructures Under Out-of-Plane Compressions

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2023年第4期36卷 569-581页

作者： Qing Liu Zhangming Shen zhi Liu Yumeng shuai Zengyao Lv Tianqi Jin Xu Cheng Yihui Zhang Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Three-dimensional(3D)mesostructures with distinct compressive deformation behaviors and tunable mechanical responses have gained increasing interest in recent years.3D cage-shaped mesostructures are representative framework structures widely exploited in 3D flexible electronics,owing to their unique cellular geometry and unusual mechanical *** snap-through behavior of cage-shaped mesostructures could potentially result in the performance degradation of electronics,while it could also be harnessed to design reconfigurable *** to the complicated deformation modes and random characteristics in experiments,the snap-through behavior of cage-shaped mesostructures remains largely unexplored,espe-cially in terms of probability-based *** this work,we present a systematic study on the configuration evolution and snap-through of 3D cage-shaped mesostructures under out-of-plane *** and computational studies show the existence of two distinct deformation modes associated with the snap-through,which is controlled by the energy barrier based on the energetic *** diagrams of the deformation modes decode how key geometric parameters and assembly strain affect the *** experiments based on periodic arrays(10 × 10)of mesostructures provided a large amount of deformation data,allowing for statistical analyses of the snap-through *** results provide new insights and useful guidelines for the design of 3D reconfigurable devices and multistable metamaterials based on 3D cage-shaped mesostructures.

关键词： 3D cage-shaped mesostructures Snap-through Probability-based analyses 3D assembly Out-of-plane compression

"Metrology is a key component of the industrial value-added chain":an interview with *** Osten

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第10期11卷 2288-2293页

作者： shuai Ding Light Publishing Group Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanicsand PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences3888 Dong Nan Hu Road130033 ChangchunChina

Short Bio:Dr.,*** Osten received the MSc/Diploma in Physics from the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena in *** 1979 to 1991 he was working at the Academy of Sciences in Berlin in several institutes making investigatio... 详细信息

关键词： metrology component interview

Effect of pairing correlation on low-lying quadrupole states in Sn isotopes

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第9期45卷 136-142页

作者： shuai Sun Shi-Sheng Zhang Zhen-Hua Zhang Li-gang Cao School of Mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Beijing Radiation Center Beijing 100875China

We examined the low-lying quadrupole states in Sn isotopes in the framework of fully self-consistent Hartree-Fock+BCS plus *** focus on the effect of the density-dependence of pairing interaction on the properties of the low-lying quadrupole *** SLy5 Skyrme interaction with surface,mixed,and volume pairings is employed in the calculations,*** find that the excitation energies and the corresponding reduced electric transition probabilities of the first 2^(+) state are different,given by the three pairing *** properties of the quasiparticle state,two-quasiparticle excitation energy,reduced transition amplitude,and transition densities in ^(112)Sn are analyzed in *** different mechanisms,the static and dynamical effects,of the pairing correlation are also *** results show that the surface,mixed,and volume pairings indeed affect the properties of the first 2^(+) state in the Sn isotopes.

关键词： density-dependence of pairing interaction low-lying quadrupole state Skyrme energy density functional

“Interesting and useful,extreme and ultimate”:an interview with *** Duan

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第10期12卷 2015-2022页

作者： shuai Ding Light Publishing Group Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics andPhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences3888 Dong Nan Hu Road130033ChangchunChina

He is an explorer in micro-nano manufacturing,an adventurer in interdisciplinary studies,an impassioned educator;an ever-curious reader,a lover of sports,and a coffee *** this episode of Light People Interview,we are honored to have *** Duan from Hunan University share his insights on micro-nano manufacturing,planar optics,teaching,nurturing,reading,growing up,and hobbies.“A man with a great smile”,“a good teacher,”and“an interesting soul”are just some of the descriptions that came through my mind during my conversation with ***,let’s get to know this outstanding scholar who pursues“interesting and useful,extreme and ultimate”in micro-nano manufacturing and optics.

关键词： interview lover extreme

Recent progress and challenges in structural construction strategy of metal-based catalysts for nitrate electroreduction to ammonia

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第11期86卷 69-83,I0003页

作者： shuai Niu College of Ecology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina

Ammonia plays an essential role in human production and life as a raw material for chemical *** nitrate electroreduction to ammonia reaction(NO_(3)RR)has garnered attention due to its advantages over the Haber-Bosch process and electrochemical nitrogen reduction ***,it represents a promising approach to safeguard the ecological environment by enabling the cycling of nitrogen *** review begins by discussing the theoretical insights of the NO_(3)*** then summarizes recent advances in catalyst design and construction strategies,including alloying,structure engineering,surface engineering,and heterostructure ***,the challenges and prospects in this field are *** review aims to guide for enhancing the efficiency of electrocatalysts in the NO_(3)RR,and offers insights for converting NO_(3)-to NH_(3).

关键词： Nitrate electroreduction to ammonia reaction(NO^(3)RR) Structural construction strategy Nitrogen cycle Metal-based catalysts Catalytic mechanism